MOKI \ 



MORECAMBE BAY 



displeasure, therefore, on the successive steps which 

 led Henry to the final schism from Rome. In 

 1532 he 'resigned the chancellorship, and retired 

 into private life. The disapproval of his jMilicy by 

 Mich a man as More could not IK- disregarded liy 

 Henry, and various attempts were made to win 

 him over. Nothing, however, could shake the con 

 st.in.y of More, and his death became a mere 

 matter of time and policy. The om>ortunitv came 

 in 1534. In that year Henry was declared bend of 

 the English Church; and Mores steadfast refusal 

 to recognise any other head of the church than 

 the pope led to his sentence for high treason 

 after a harsh imprisonment of more than a year. 

 The manner in which he met his death, while it is 

 one of the commonplaces of English history, 

 strangely illustrates an inveterate habit of his 

 nature-^the disposition to jest with the most 

 si'iiini- i|iiestions and on the most momentous 

 occasions. AS. on 7th July 1535, he mounted the 

 scaffold he exclaimed to a stander-by : ' Friend, 

 help me up ; when I come down again I can shift 

 for myself;' and raising his head after it had been 

 laid on the block, he bade the executioner stay till 

 he hail put aside his beard, ' for,' said he, ' it never 

 committed treason.' 



More was twice married ; but only by his 

 first wife had he any family. In no life of More 

 should his daughter Margaret, the wife of his 

 biographer Koper, pass unmentiuned. By her high 

 character and accomplishments, but alsive all by 

 her pious devotion to her father, she holds a place 

 among the illustrious women of English history. 



( >ne of the distinguished characters in the politi- 

 cal history of England, More also ranks high in the 

 history of its literature. By his Latin Utopia 

 .1516; Eng. trans. 1550) he takes his place with 

 the most eminent humanists of the Renaissance, 

 and he was the one literary Englishman of the 16th 

 century well-known and admired on the Continent. 

 In his l/ixtory of King Richard III. ( 1513) he pro- 

 duced what ina'v ! regarded as the first liook ill 

 classical Knglisli prose. In his personal character 

 Mure was the most attractive and lovable of men ; 

 and his tragic end gave the crown to the moral 

 beauty of his life. From Erasmus's sketch of him 

 we realise all hi- virtue- and all his attractions ; but 

 realise also that he was a winning rather than an 

 imposing figure. He had ingenuity rather than 

 insight ; not Infrequently his wit passed into levity 

 and even into flippancy ; and there was in his 

 character a strain of morbidness and suiierstition 

 which precluded him from the largest and humanest 

 views of men and things. In IHHti he was beatified. 

 -. . I:..|HT. Life of Sir Thomtu More ( 6mt printed 1026) ; 

 Lord CuuplwlC Lirei of the Chancellor!; Mackintosh, 

 Lardner'i Cabinet Encyelopadia ; Beebohm, Oxford Se- 

 formert; L>. Nimrd, Rrnaiuanct ft JUforme ; Utni'i" liy 

 Lupton (185)and Micheli.(ltfl)6) ; Live, by Father Bri.f- 

 gett (1H91) wid W. H. Hut ton (1K95); also works cited 

 at HKNKV VIII., WOLSKV, ERASMUS, and FISHKK. 



, the mediicval and modern name for the 



, 



Peloponnesus i|. \ .), in southern Creece, said to be 

 derived from mumx, 'a mulberry" the outline of 

 tin- peninsula hearing a resemblance to tin- leaf of 

 that tree; others, however, such as Fallmeraycr, 

 trace it Imck to the Slavonic more, 'the 

 which nearly encirch-s the Morea. After lieing 

 overrun by 'the liolhs and Vandals, it Wame a 

 iirey. in the second half of the sth century, to Slav 

 invaders, who were gradually subdued and civilised 

 liy the Byaintiiie enipcror. In l'2."> the |-iiiiisiil:i 

 was eon<|ucred by the Nornnins. who formed its 

 western |Nirtion into a feudal piinciiiality Mbjwt 

 to the crown of Sicily. Michael VIII I'aheologus 

 recon(|uen>d the country after 1201 ; hut I he prin- 

 eipality of Achai.i remained in the family of \ille- 

 hanloiiin till l.'Uti, when the male line became 



extinct. Various claimants now arose, and much 

 strife and confusion ensued. At length, in 1461, 

 the greater ]>rti(in of the Morea fell into the hands 

 of the Turks, the remainder Wing held by Venice, 

 who abandoned it in 1640. Venice reconquered 

 the Morea in IISH4, but again lost it to the Turks 

 in 1714. For its later history, we Ci.-i 



Morrail. .'KAN VHTOH, the greatest general of 

 the French Republic, except Bonaparte, was Iwrn, 

 1Mb August 1761, at Morlaix, in Brittany, the 

 ><iii of an advocate, and was sent to study law 

 at lleiines. On the outbreak of the Kcvuliitiini 

 he was chosen to command the volunteers from 

 Itcnnes, served under Immoiiricy. in 17!W. and dis- 

 played such military talent that in IT'.M he was 

 made a general of division ; he took an active part 

 in reducing Belgium and Holland under Piclicjirii 

 in that and the following year. When I'ichegru 

 fell under suspicion, the Directory appofalMd 

 Mi>rcaii, in the spring of 1796, to the chief com- 

 mand on the Hhme and Moselle. He crossed tin- 

 Khine at Kehl, defeated l.atour at Kastalt and 

 the Archduke Charles at Ettlingen. and drove the 

 Austiiiins back to the DaniiU-. But, owing to the 

 defeat and ictreat of Jonnlan. he was ol.ligcd to 

 make a de|>crate effort to i-eain the Rhine, which 

 he accomplished, notw itlistan.ling great ilillicnh 

 in a retreat that established bis reputation for 

 generalship more than all his previou* rictol 

 A suspicion of participation in the plots of I'ichegru, 

 led to his U-ing deprived of bis cominand after the 

 :/, il'ilut of ISth Fructidor. In the foll.iwing 

 *wr<lTH)hamcoMded Schcrer in tin maad 



of the army in Italy, which was hard pressed by 

 the Knssiaiis and Austrians. By a retreat con- 

 ducted with consummate skill, he saved the French 

 army from destruction. The Kirectorx . ne\erthe- 

 less, deprived him of the chief command, and gave 

 it to Joulwrt. But Moreau remained with the 

 army at Joubert's request to lie present at the 

 battle of Novi. Early in the engagement JoUMl 

 was killed and Moreau again assumed the cum 

 niand, and conducted the defeated troops to France. 

 The noble disinterestedness of Mmcan's character, 

 bis military talent, and his political moderation 

 induced tin'- paity of Sieves, which overthrew the- 

 Directory, to olli-r him the dictatorship of 1 i.-in. . : 

 he declined it, but lent his assistance to Bonaparte 

 on 18th liniiuaire. Receiving the command of the 

 army of the Rhine, Moreau gained victory after 

 \iciiny over the Austrians in the campaign of 

 1800, drove them back licliiiid the Inn, and at last 

 won the great and decisive liattle of Ilolienlindeii 

 (q.v.). A strong feeling of jealousy against Moreau 

 now took linn unit in Napoleon's mind. He 

 accused his rival of participation in the plot of 

 Cadondal (q.T.)and I'ichegru against his life, had. 

 him arrested, brought to trial, and found guilty on 

 insiillicicnt evidence, 9th June 1SO4. A senten. 

 two years' imprisonment was pronounced : Napoleon 

 commuted it into banishment, and Moreau went to 

 America, and settled in New Jersey. There he 

 remained until IHl.'l. when he accompanied the 

 empeini ill Rn-sia and the king of Piussia in the 

 match against l>icsden. Fortunately for his fame 

 he did not live to invade his country, for here, as 

 he stood talking to the F.mperor Alexander on 17th 

 August, a French cannon ball broke IM.||I his legs. 

 Amputation wax performed, but he died at LMB 

 in Bohemia, 2.1 September 1813. He was buried 

 in St Petersburg. See the studies by ('. .lochmus 

 i l!.rl. 1814) and A. de Beauchamp (trans. LMM. 

 IS14). 



Murrrainhe Bay, an inlet <>f the Irisri Sea, 



separates the main |K>rtion of Iwincasliire from HM 

 detached portion of Furness. It is about 10 miles 

 in average breadth and 18 miles in length, and 



