MORNING GLORY 



MOROCCO 



315 



3142 in Great Britain. A body calling themselves 

 the Reorganised Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- 

 day Saints, and presided over by Joseph Smith, son 

 of the founder of the Mormon Church, seceded in 

 1860. They now number 25,000, and their head- 

 quarters are in the states of Iowa and Illinois. 

 They claim to be the orthodox Mormons and repudi- 

 ate their co-religionists of Utah, alleging that 

 Brigham Young was a usurper, who with liis as- 

 sociates devised plural marriage after Smith's death, 

 and suppressed it for a time for political reasons. 

 In 1899 Utah elected to congress a Mormon living 

 in polygamy ; but he was adjudged disqualified by 

 congress and his seat was declared vacant. ED.]. 



The Bonk of Mormon has been translated into several 

 foreign languages, as also the Doctrine and Covenant*, 

 the Hymn-book, and the Voice of Warniini. Besides 

 these, the principal Mormon publications are Life / 

 Joseph Smith, Kry to Theology, S/ienctr'i Letters, Com- 

 pendium of the Doctrines of the Gntpel, Life of // ' / 

 C. Kimball, Autobiography of Parley P. Pratt, Story of 

 the Book of Morion. Catechism for Children, Snoir'i 

 Poem*, Harp of Zion, Correspondence of Polatimt 

 Tourist*, and many minor works. See also J. H. Kennedy's 

 Early Days of Mormonism ( 1888), and H. H. Bancroft's 

 History of Ut-ih ( 1889 ), with full bibliography. Twenty 

 Mormon periodicals are published in the United States, 

 one in England ( Liverpool ), two in Scandinavia, and one 

 in Switzerland. Utah supports the University of Deseret, 

 which ranks, however, as a classical and normal school. 



Glory. See COXVOLVI us. 



Moray. CHARLES ArursTE Loris JOSEPH, 

 Dt'c DE, a French statesman, believed to have 

 been the son of ljueen Hortense and of the Comte 

 de Flahault, and consequently half- brother of Louis 

 Napoleon. He was lorn in Paris, 23d October 

 1811, and adopted by the Comte de Morny. He 

 entered the army in 1832, and served with some 

 HHtinction in Algeria; but he soon abandoned a 

 military life, and in 1838 made his debut in the 

 world of industry as a manufacturer of beet-root 

 sugar. Ever after that time he was mixed up in 

 all sorts of commercial and financial speculations 

 railway companies, canal companies, French and 

 foreign mining companies, credit societies, and 

 various industrial enterprises. Chosen a deputy 

 in 1842, he quickly attained a prominent position 

 on account of his aptitude for dealing with financial 

 questions. After the revolution of 1848 he liecame 

 attached to the cause of his half-brother, and was 

 the leader of the subtle and treasonable policy of 

 the Elysee. He took a prominent part in the coup 

 il'i-tiit, and l>ecame minister of tlie Interior. In 

 1854-56, and again in 1857-65, he was president of 

 the Corps Ltyiiliilif, \vliich he succeeded in reduc- 

 ing to suliservience ; and was ambassador to Russia 

 during 1856-57, where he married the rich and 

 handsome Princess Trulietskoi. He died 10th 

 March 1865. The character of the ' Due de 

 Mora' in Daudet's Nabab is based on this clever 

 and unscrupulous politician. 



Moroni. GIOVANNI BATTISTA, painter, was 

 lx>rn at Albino, near Bergamo, aliout 1510, and 

 was a pupil of II Moretto of Brescia ( 1498-1555), 

 whose real name was Alessandro Bonvicino ; liotli 

 these men excelled as portrait-painters. Indeed, 

 of the North Italians, Moroni ranks next to 

 Titian, who greatly admired his portraits. The 

 attitudes in .Moroni's pictures are easy and 

 natural, the draperies weft managed, and the pre- 

 dominant tone of colour is silvery. An excellent 

 example of his style is the 'Tailor' in the National 

 (iallery, London, where there are also four other 

 |<ortrait pieces from his brush. Moroni likewise 

 painted sacred subjects of the usual types, now in 

 the Brera at Milan, at Bergamo, at Verona, and 

 other places in North Italy. He died 5th February 

 1578. 



Morocco, or MAKOCCO, known to the natives 

 as Maghreb-el- Aksa, ' the farthest west,' is an 

 empire or sultanate which, though at one time 

 comprising a portion of Algeria in one direction, 

 and exercising in the other a modified jurisdic- 

 tion as far as Timbuktu, is now confined to 

 that part of north-west Africa bounded on the E. 

 (at the Wad Kiss) by Algeria, and on the S. by 

 Cape Nun and the \Vad Draa, though both here 

 and on the Sahara side of the Atlas the limits 

 of the empire are rather indeterminate. Very 

 little of the country has been even roughly 

 surveyed; but, according to the vague know- 

 ledge possessed, it contains about 314^)00 sq. 

 in., of which the 'Tell' or fertile region west of 

 the Atlas contains 78,000, the Steppes or Hat 

 sterile upland pastures, 27,000, and the Desert or 

 Sahara, 209,000 sq. m. Politically, Morocco com- 

 prises at present the old kingdoms of Fez anil 

 .Morocco and the territories of Tatilet (Tafilalet) 

 and Sns ; but the two latter are almost independ- 

 ent, recognising the sultan only as the Prince of 

 True Believers, an office which he holds as the most 

 powerful of the Shereefs or descendants of Mo- 

 hammed. These four principal governments are 

 divided into seventeen primary provinces or 

 'amalats,' each presided over by a Kaid or 

 ' Bashaw,' as the Europeans call him, who again 

 has under him various minor officials directing 

 the affairs of the smaller districts, until the head- 

 man of the village is reached. Many of the 

 Arab and most of the mountain tribes are 

 practically independent, never being troubled 

 by the Shereelian officers, and paying taxes 

 only when an army enters their country. Over 

 this region, living in a few moderately-sized 

 town-, and numerous little stationary villages 

 of stone or clay (d-s/iars) or in the tent hamlets 

 (dollars) of wandering tribes, is scattered a 

 population variously estimated from 2,500,000 to 

 13,000,000 the actual mini tier being perhaps be- 

 tween three and four millions. But there is no 

 census, and the country-people, in order to avoid 

 the extortion of the troops and the ' mouna,' or gift 

 of provisions to favoured travellers, prefer to live 

 in retired spots at a distance from the ordinary 

 routes through the country. Morocco is, as a rule, 

 mountainous, the Atlas (q.v.) traversing it in 

 several chains from south-west to north-east, and 

 by various spurs both to the coast country and 

 to the desert. There are, however, numerous level 

 plains, some of which are of great extent, and very 

 rich, the soil being in many places a deep, black 

 loam, evidently the bed of an ancient lake or of a 

 primeval forest. There are also numerous more or 

 less level plateaus similar to those of Algeria. But 

 with the exception of parts of the Atlas, the forest 

 of Mamora, the date and argan groves of the south, 

 and a few straggling copses around the burial-places 

 of saints, Morocco has, in the course of the last 

 thousand years, been almost denuded of timber, the 

 palmetto (Chamturops /ntmilis) scrub being about, 

 the most common representative of woodland. 

 Consequently the country looks bald, rolling hills 

 and monotonous plains, green in spring, brown 

 during summer and autumn, l>eing the most char- 

 acteristic features of the north, though some of 

 the glens and mountain-regions are extremely 

 picturesque. Farther south, and on the other 

 side of the Atlas, where long droughts, followed 

 by famines, are common calamities, and the rain- 

 fall is at the best of times scanty and uncertain, 

 sandy wastes are the prevailing characteristic ; but 

 in western Morocco, though the soil is sometimes 

 thin and out of the river-valleys stony, actual 

 desert is rare, and, except where the sand has 

 been drifted inland by the winds, not unfitted for 

 pasturage. 



