328 



MUSTAK 



MOTHS 



r. the chief tmvn of llcizegovina, <>n the 

 Narenta, about 35 miles from tlie Adriatic, cmi 

 nected by railway with the port of Metkovic.. 

 and rid Sarajevo with Budapest. It takes iu 

 name ('old bridge') from a Itith century bridge of 

 one arcli, 95 feet in span, has numerous mosques, 

 and U the went of a Roman Catholic and a Greek 

 bishop. Wine is produced, and swords and tobacco 

 manufactured. Pop. 12,655. 



Mosul, a decayed town of Asiatic Turkey, in 

 the province of Al .le/iich (ancient Mesopotamia, 

 U situated on the right luink of the Tigris, op- 

 posite the ruins of ancient Nineveh (q.v. ), 200 

 miles up the river from Bagdad. It is partly 

 surrounded by crumbling walls. During the 

 middle ages it was a very prosperous city, with 

 much industry muslin takes name from this 

 town ; now its bazaars are filled with the manu- 

 factures of the West, and almost the only export 

 is g.ill-iuit-. from the Kurdish mountain*. Mosul 

 was formerly the metropolis of the Meso|>otamian 

 Christians ( the Nestorians, the United Chaldeans, 

 the Jacobites, &<.), and still contains many 

 Catholic Christians. Hop. estimated at 30,000. 

 The town, which existed in (536, enjoyed its greatest 

 prosperity in the 9th century, and onwards, until 

 the desolating inroads of the Mongols in the 12th. 

 Then came the Seljuks ; and they were followed 

 by the Turks, and since then Mosul has steadily 

 declined. 



MotarlllidiP. See WAGTAIL. 



Mot a/ililcs. a ' heretical ' Mohammedan sect, 

 founded by Waail b. Ata in the 2d century after 

 Mohammed. They denied predestination, and re- 

 cognised in man a power over his own actions. 



Mote-hill. See FOLKMOOT. 



Motett, a name applied to two different forms 

 of musical composition ( 1 ) a sacred cantata, con- 

 sisting of several unconnected movements, as a solo, 

 trio, cliorus, fugue, \c. ; (2) a choral composition, 

 generally also of a sacred character, beginning with 

 an introduction in the form of a song, perhaps with 

 figurative accompaniment ; after which follow 

 several fugue subjects, with their expositions, the 

 whole ending either with the exposition of the last 

 subject, a repetition of the introduction, or a special 

 final subject. A motett differs from a double or 

 triple fugue in that the subjects never appear 

 Miniiltaneoiisly, but are introduced one after the 

 other. In one form of the motett the successive 

 phrases of an entire chorale are treated as so many 

 lugal subjects. 



Mother Carey's Chicken, a name (a cor- 

 ruption of Mntercara) familiarly given by sailors to 

 the Stonily Petrel and other small oceanic species 

 of Petrel. The name MOTIIKU CAHKY'S GOOSE is, 

 in like manner, given to tin- (jireat Black Petrel or 

 Gigantic Fulmar (Procellaria gigantea) of the 

 Pacific Ocean (see articles on PETREL and FUL- 

 MAR). 



Mother of Pearl. See PEARL. 



Motherwell, a town of Lanarkshire, 12 miles 

 8E. of Glasgow. Owing it rapid growth to the 

 amazing extension of its mineral industries, it has 

 a good water-supply (1877), municipal buildings 

 (1887), a public park (I SH7), large iron anil steel 

 works, &c. I '-.p. HS4I) 726; (1861)2925; (1871) 

 6943; (1881) 12,904; (1891) 18,726. 



Motherwell, WII.UAM, a Scottish poet and 

 antiquary. WOK horn in Glasgow, 13th October 

 1797, and educated in Edinburgh and at the 

 grammar-school of Paisley, where, in lux fifteenth 

 year, he enU-red the office of the sheriff-clerk. At 

 the age of twenty-one he won n|>|Miintd slieriH'- 

 rlerk depute of tin- county of Renfrew. In 1819 

 he pnhli-hi-d his first work, the Jiarji uf licnfrew- 



ttiirt, containing biographical notices of the poets 

 of that ili-m.-t from the Kith to the I'.nh century. 

 This work was but the prelude to one of far greater 

 ini|H>rtance his MintrcUy, Aii'imt anil Mudern 

 'lv_'7i. In is-.'s he commenced the i'liixlri/ Muga- 

 zinr, in which some of his linest original pieces 

 first saw the light, am! in the same year accepted 

 the editorship of the Paixlry Ailrertiter, a Con- 

 servative journal. In 1830 he became editor of 

 the l!/ii.ii/iiir Courier. In 1832 he published a col- 

 lection of his best poems, entitled Poemt Xarralivc 

 inul Lyrirul. He died in Gla-gow, Novaabw 1, 

 1835, at the early age of thirty-fight. Motherwell 

 displays in his best moods (but only then) a rich, 

 beautiful, and strong imagination, great warmth 

 and tenderness of feeling, ami a thorough know- 

 ledge of the technique of a ]>oet. His Jcattic Mori- 

 son is unsurpassed for the mingled pathos and 

 picturesque beauty of its reminiscences of boyish 

 love : and the little piece beginning, ' My held is 

 like to rend, Willie, has seldom been read with- 

 out tears. An enlarged edition of his poetical 

 remains, with a memoir, was published in London 

 in 1849. 



Motherwort (Lennitnu cardiacn), a plant 

 of the natural order LabiaUe, found about hedges 

 and in waste places 

 in Europe, and now 

 abundantly natural- 

 ised in some parts of 

 North America. It is 

 not very common in 

 Britain, and probably 

 has been introduced*. 

 It is perennial, has a 

 branched stem almut , 

 3 feet high, stalked 

 leaves, the lower ones 

 3-lobed, and crowded 

 whorls of reddish- 

 white flowers. The 

 plant was formerly in 

 much use as a domes- 

 tic pectoral medicine, 

 but is now compara- 

 tively little employed. 

 It has a strong, but 

 not agreeable smell. 

 Other species of the 

 same genus are found 

 in Europe and the 

 north of Asia. 



Motherwort 

 (Lfunurnt cantiaca). 



Moths, a sub-order 

 of Lepidopterous in- 

 sects, which in twilight 



and darkness take the place of the light-loving 

 butterflies. Technically known as Hetcnicera, 

 they arc distinguished from the butterflies or 

 Rhopaloccra by the antenna-, which are variable 

 in form instead of being constantly dub tipped, 

 and bv the fact that the wings are usually ex- 

 panded, and not elevated, when the insect is at 

 rest. Like the parallel series of butterflies, the 

 moths differ greatly from one another in size and 

 colour, habit and diet. The giant owl moth of 

 Brazil ( T/iysania ayrippina) measures nearly a foot 

 across from tip to tip of expanded wings, while the 

 smallest are hardly visible to unaided eyes. They 

 are represented in most partR >f the world, and are 

 usually very prolific. The larvte or caterpillars 

 feed mostly on living plants, and in this connection 

 are very familiar; others of these ravaging forms 

 ruin clothes, furs, and the like. Most of the latter 

 belong to the family Tincidir, especially to the 

 genus Tinea. They are the ' moths jmr tjn Hi /<, 

 against whose ravages housewives carefully guard. 

 (lollies should be kept perfectly dry, and the 



