330 



MOTLEY 



MOULDINGS 



fully ten yearn were consumed in his prepara- 

 tion*, and in completing his Huttnry of tfir fintrh 

 ii'imltlir. This work, published in l'*W, estab- 

 li-iied his fame, Hinl was translated into many 

 languages, the French version being IBptrriMd by 

 Guizot. The labours which were the indispens- 

 able foundation of the work can be conipre- 

 lifinlr<l l>c-t from tin- author's own iicronnt. which 

 will be ftiunil in a letter printed in Dr Holmes' 

 Memoir of Motley ( 1878). This letter is further- 

 more valuable an a sketch of his intended work, 

 which was to 13 continued to 1648, the peace of 

 \\--tphalia a va-t design which he did not live 

 to accomplish. In I v"i7 he wasonce more in Boston, 

 and contributed to the Atlantic Mt>nt/t/i/i\. ii|>eron 

 Florence. Hut he soon returned to Eurojie, as the 

 materials for Kurupean history were not accessible 

 in the I'uitcd States. The first part of his History 

 of the United Netherlands appeared in 1860. The 

 capacity for research and the power of pictorial 

 representation were combined in this as in the 

 preceding work. 



The civil war in the l~nited States aroused the 

 deepest feeling in Motley, and his letters to the 

 London Times upon the policy of the British 

 government were probably the most important 

 and decisive of all the eftort-s made by ijatriotic 

 Americans to enlighten the British public upon 

 the momentous issues involved. In 1861 he was 

 appointed minister to Austria, and remained until 

 1867, when he resigned in consequence of a foolish 

 attack made upon him. In 1868 the second part of 

 the Jlixi'iry of the I'niini tfetfarltuid* appeand. 

 In IMI'.I he was ap]x>inted minister to Great 

 Britain, but was summarily recalled the following 

 year, under circumstances which made the recall 

 an indignity. There had grown up a deadly feud 

 between Cnarles Sunnier, senator from Massa- 

 chusetts, and President Grant ; and, as Motley 

 and Sumner were intimate friends, the recall of 

 the minister was designed as a blow at the senator. 

 The pretext w as that Motley hail disregarded his 

 instructions, but it is evident that his dismissal 

 had been determined upon. Motley was cut to 

 the heart, and brooded over his unmerited disgrace 

 to the day of liis death. 



His next ami final work was The Life and 1'i-nth 

 of . li>/m liiirnrri'lit, a biography which is virtually 

 history, and a part of his main theme, though 

 not a distinct continuation. After the death of 

 his wife iii 1*74 Motley paid another visit to the 

 I'nited States. His severe labours and trials had 

 impaired his strength, and lie bad had some slight 

 nt tack- of apoplexy. After his return to England 

 in 1H7H lit; gradually sank, and died at Kingston 

 -II. the I (orsetsliire. residence of his daughter, 

 Sir William Vermin Harcourt's wife, May 29, 1877. 

 He was buried at Kcnsal Green. 



The character of Motley is strongly impressed 

 upon his works, and they are as far removed from 

 annals as possible. His long studies, aided by his 

 creatm- imagination, enabled him to make past 

 ages live again, and to present historical person 

 aces with their own traits arid manners. F'ew 

 bi-t<>i iant have given such illumination and stereo- 

 i.- reality to people and scenes described ; and 

 the same eager nature makes it ImpOWiUa for him 

 to attain to judicial impartiality. He glories in 

 being a |rtisan a jmrtisan of progress. lil>crt\, 

 and humanity. Criticism has touched his narra- 

 tions only in some minor details ; of their general 

 faithfulness there is no question. 



Two Urge volume* of hi* correspondence were edited 

 l,v (j.-iirKr Willinm Oil-tin in INKS. Hi own letter* are 

 pictaracque, eloquent, niul weighty by turn*. Many of 

 tin-in nri' nddremed to Dr Holmes, hi* niont intimate 

 friend. P.mmarck'ii letter* re chnnning. The Memoir 

 by O. W. Holme* ( 1878) i* an affectionate tribute. 



Motor-oars. See TRACTION EMJIM s. Ti: \u- 

 WAYS, ELECTRIC HAILWAY. GASKM.IM. The 



restrictions that h.-imiiered progress were removed 

 in November 1890. For motor |iwers in general, 

 aee also AIR-ENOINK, <'"Mri:i -.s>i n An: CM. INK, 

 \>\ \ \Mii.i:i.i.c-n:if MACIIINKS, BuwnuOtTT, 



SlKAM-KMil.NK, &C. 



Motrll, a town of Spain, 31 miles S. by K. of 

 (iranada, with factories and lead mines. The poit 

 is at Calahonda, 6J miles SE. Pop. 16,665. 



MottO in Heraldry, a word or short sentence 

 which forms nn accompaniment to a coat-of-arni!-. 

 crest, or household 1 nidge ; it was called in Scotland 

 the 'ditton.' In France and Scotland it was fre- 

 quently placed above the crest, in England almo-t 

 invariably below the escutcheon. A motto is 

 sometimes a religious or moral sentiment, aa 

 'Garde/, la foi,' ' Hiimanitate,' ' Et decus et 

 pretium recti" (t;raft<m); it is not unfiei|iiently 

 a heroic exclamation or war-ciy, 'Courage sans 

 peur,' 'Forward.' Stimetimes it alludes to a 

 peculiar tenure, as 'Free for a blast' (Clerk of 

 Penicuik ) ; while in a great many cases it lears 

 reference to the crest, liadge, or some bearing of 

 the escutcheon. Thus, Stuart, F2arl of Moray, lia 

 for crest a pelican wounding herself, and for motto, 

 'Salus per Christum Kedemploreni.' Not a few 

 mottoes are 'canting 'or punning allusions to the 

 family name as 'Scuto amoris Divini,' for Scuda- 

 uoni ' Ver non semper viret,' for Vernon ; ' Fare, 

 fat-,' for Fairfax; 'Time Deum, cole regem,' for 

 Coleridge; and 'Teneo quia teneor,' for Holden. 

 Two mot toes are sometimes used by the same family 

 one above the crest, the other liclow the shield. 

 The motto, ' Dieu et mon Droit," which accompanies 

 the royal arms of Great Britain, is supposed to have 

 lieen a war-cry, and was used in England at 1. 

 as early as tiie time of Henrv VI. Its origin has 

 lieen assigned to a saying of Kichard I., ' Not we, 

 but God anil our right have vanquished France.' 

 See Seton's Law and Practice of Heraltlry ( 1863). 



Moufflon (Ovis Miim'iiinn), the wild sheep of 

 Corsica, Sardinia, central Asia, &c. See AIIGALI, 

 and SHEEP. 



nionkdon. SccMi-KDES. 



Mould, or Mon.niNKss, the common name of 

 many minute fillip which make 

 their appearance, often in 

 crowded multitudes, on decay- 

 ing or diseased plants and 

 animals and animal and vege- 

 table substances. To the naked 

 eye they often seem like 

 patches of fine cobweb, which 

 are shown by the microscope 

 to consist of "cellular threads. 

 Their Mructnre and history are 

 described in the article Ft v.i. 

 from the systematic part of 

 which it will be seen that the 

 popular name is applied to 

 many very different forms 

 e.g. the common White Mould 

 ( Murnr lit iii;-i/i:), the Bread 

 Mould (Eurotium A*i>eryi/lii.i- 

 ,/tii HI-US), the mould of fruit 

 and jam ( I'rnirillinin i/lnuriiiii), 

 Ac. ' See a l-o l'i;\ l:l. 



Moulding*, the curved 

 and plane surfaces used as 

 ornaments in cornices, panels, 

 arches, Ac. .and in all enriched 

 ajHsrtures in buildings. In 

 classic architecture the monld- 

 iii"s are few in nniiilx>r, and 

 definitely fixed in their forms. The illustration 



Classic Mouldings. 



