MOUSQUETAIRES 



MOZART 



335 



Moiisqiietaires, the mounted body-guard of 

 the kings of France, all of noble birth, were 

 organised by Louis XIII. in 1622. They rode gray 

 horses, and were disbanded in 1815. 



Mouth. See the articles dealing with Palate, 

 Digestion, Teeth, Tongue, Cancrum Oris, Saliva- 

 tion, Scurvy, &c. 



Movables. See HERITABLE AND MOVABLE. 



Moville, a seaside resort in County Donegal, 

 on Lough Foyle, 19 miles XXE. of Londonderry. 

 It is a calling-station of the Transatlantic steam- 

 packets of the Anchor line. Pop. 1129. 



llotiiitr Plant (Desmodium gyrans), a plant 

 of the natural order Le^uminosae, sub-order Pa- 

 pilionaceze, a native of India, remarkable, as are 

 also some other species of the same genus, for the 

 spontaneous movement of the leaves. See PLANTS 



(MOVEMENT OF). 



Mowilltf-macllilie, a machine for mowing 

 lawns and oow ling-green*, instead of the scythe. 

 The mowing-machine dilFi/rs from the reaping- 

 machine in principle, chiefly in having revolving 

 instead of horizontal cutters. The first successful 

 plowing machines in use in Britain were those 

 invented by Shanks of Arbroath and by Green of 

 Leeds about 1850, whose improved machines are 

 vet the best where the wear and tear are heavy. 

 There are now many rivals to these, chiefly of 

 American manufacture, which are preferable to 

 them on the score of lightness of draught, and 

 consequently ease and speed in the performance of 

 the work. 



Moxa is a peculiar form of counter-irritation 

 which was early practised in the East, particularly 

 by the Chinese and Japanese, from whom it was 

 learned by the Portuguese. One or more small 

 cones, formed of the downy covering of the leaves 

 of Artemisia Moxa (as used by the Chinese), or of 

 the pith of various plants ( as of the common sun- 

 flower), or of linen steeped in nitre, are placed on 

 the skin over the affected part, and the ends remote 

 from the skin are ignited. The combustion gradu- 

 ally proceeds through the cone and forms a super- 

 ficial eschar on the skin. The surrounding parts 

 must be protected by a pad of wet nig, with a 

 hole in it for the moxa. It is not much used in 

 Europe in consequence of the somewhat severe pain 

 attending it. 



Mozambique, the collective name for the 

 territories of Portugal on the east coast of Africa, 

 extends from Cape Delgado to Delagoa Bay, a 

 distance of 1300 miles. The northern boundary is 

 the Rovuma, the southern (in part), the Maputa, 

 and the western frontiers are formed by Lake Tan- 

 ganyika, the river Kno, the Zambesi up to Zumbo, 

 Mashona and Matabele Lands ( British South Africa 



Company's Territories), and the Transvaal. The 

 ' icipal rivers, besides those already mentioned, 

 are the Limpopo and Sabi, towards the south. 



The coast llt is low and swampy ; but the in- 

 terior rises into well-wooded plateaus, which fur- 

 nish valuable timl>er. The soil is naturally fertile, 

 and yields, in addition to maize, rice, manioc, &c., 

 an abundance of natural products, such as cotton, 

 sesame, cocoa-nut, medicinal plants, and india- 

 rubber, but very little is done to cultivate them, 

 owing to lack of capital ami of means of communi- 

 cation. The imports (cotton goods, beads, hard- 

 ware, arms and gunpowder, coals, spirits, and pro- 

 visions) average about 308,1)00 annually; the 

 exports (ivory, ground nuts, india-rubber, wax, 

 copal, and oil seeds) about 765,000. The shipping 

 is mostly (seven-tenths) in the hands of British 

 firms. Customs duties are exceptionally heavy ; 

 agriculture does not flourish ; mining is iittle pro- 

 aecuted, although the country is rich in minerals, 



in gold, silver, iron, coal, and copper ; pearls abound 

 on the reefs off the coast, but are not gathered to 

 any extent ; and there is annually a deficit equal 

 to 43 per cent, of the expenditure some 60,000, 

 which is made good by the home country. The 

 pop. of the province is estimated at one million. 

 There is a railway ( 1887 ) of 52 miles from Dela- 

 goa Bav to the Transvaal frontier. Chief towns : 

 Mozambique, Quilimane, and Lourenco Marques, 

 for which see the separate articles. The Mozam- 

 bique territories are administered by a governor- 

 general, assisted by a governing^ and a provincial 

 council, and are divided into nine districts, each 

 under a district governor. 



MOZAMBIQUE, the capital, stands on a small 

 coral island lying close to the mainland, and has 

 a fine government house, a cathedral, an arsenal, 

 &c. A fort, built by Albuquerque in 1508, two 

 years after he occupied the island for Portugal, 

 still stands at the north end of the island. Pop. 

 7380, of whom 6800 are natives, 280 Banyans, and 

 alxmt 100 Europeans. The city was formerly a 

 great place for the slave-trade, but seems now 

 hardly able to hold its own against Quilimane and 

 Lourenco Marques. Its total trade ranges annually 

 between 250,000 and 320,000. 



Mozambique Channel, between Madagascar 

 and the east coast of Africa, is about 1000 miles in 

 length and 400 in average breadth. At its northern 

 extremity lie the Comoro Islands. 



Mozarabes. See MORISCOS ; and for Moz- 

 arabian Liturgy, see LITURGY. 



Mozart, WOLFGANG AMADEUS CHRYSOSTOM, 

 was the younger child of Leopold Mozart, Kapell- 

 meister to the Archbishop or Salzburg, and was 

 l>orn in Salzburg on 27th January 1756. Num- 

 erous anecdotes are related of his childhood, illus- 

 trating an almost incredible precocity of genius, 

 whose early promise, however, was amply ful- 

 filled in his after-life. On his first professional tour 

 through Europe when he was six years old, he was 

 accompanied by his sister Marianne, and under 

 their father's care the children visited Vienna, 

 Paris, Belgium, and London. The greatest triumphs 

 of Mo/art were won in Bologna, then the musical 

 centre of Italy. The Philharmonic Academy there 

 suspended the rule by which no one under twenty 

 was eligible for membership, in order to elect this 

 young prodigy of barely fifteen. The wonderful 

 power of his memory was illustrated by a famous 

 feat performed in this Italian tour. The Easter 

 music in the Sistine chapel was jealously kept from 

 the eyes of outsiders, and no copy of it was per- 

 mitted to be made. After one nearing, Mozart 

 wrote from memory a full and minutely correct 

 vocal score. During all the years of childhood and 

 boyhood Mozart had leen ever tinder the immediate 

 care of his father, until his twenty-first year, when, 

 stun by the indignities heaped upon him at the 

 arcluepiscopal court, he asked permission to leave 

 it. In September 1777 he left Salzburg for Paris, 

 with his mother as companion and adviser ; and 

 from this date began that struggle with the world 

 in which he was to be so soon overthrown. In 

 Mannheim, which he visited on the way, he 

 made the acquaintance of a new instrument, the 

 clarionette, which he was the first to incorporate 

 in the modern orchestra, and fell in love with 

 Alovsia Weber, the second daughter of a poor man 

 with a considerable family. For many obvious 

 reasons Leopold Mozart was greatly disturbed, and 

 the correspondence l>etween the anxious loving 

 father and the disappointed but always dutiful son 

 throws a flood of light on the relation, as beautiful 

 as it is rare, in which they stood to each other. 



In Paris mother and son had to practise the 

 strictest economy, for the mature musician no 



