342 



HOLLER 



MULREADY 



1861 the Dtutoclie Zeittchrift fiir Chrittlicht II .. 

 teiucluift >',/ ChriMitha Leben. There IK a 

 Life by Kahler (1878) and a study by Schultze 

 (1879). 



Ililller, KARL OTFKIED, classical archieologist, 

 was born 28th August 1797, at Brieg, in Silesia, 

 studied at Breslau and Berlin, and in 1819 was 

 appointed professor of Archeology and director of 

 tin- Philological Seminary at (iottingen. He died 

 at Athens, 1st August 1840, whilst on a tour 

 through Italy and Greece. His great design was 

 to embrace the whole life of ancient Greece, its 

 art, politics, industry, religion, in one warm and 

 vivid conception in a word, to cover the skeletons 

 of antiquity with flesh, ami to make the dry bones 

 live. Thus his activity ranged over the whole 

 field of Greek antiuuity." AVe are indebted to him 

 for many new and striking elucidations of the 

 geography and topography, literature, grammar, 

 mythology, manners and customs of the ancients. 

 His work'on the Dorians (Die Dorier ; Eng. trans. 

 1839) forms the 2*1 vol. of his Geschichte Helle- 

 nischer Stnmme und Stiulte (new and improved ed. 

 1H44), his principal iir<Mlucti<m ; the first vol. deals 

 with Orchoiiieiios and the Minyans. The treatises 

 on the ancient Macedonian! ( 1825) and on the Etrus- 

 cans (2 vols. 1828; new ed. 1877-78) continue the 

 same line of investigations. Other valuable works 

 from his pen are Ancient Art(\30; new ed. 1878 ; 

 Eng. trans. 1847); System of Mythology ( 1825; 

 Eng. trans. 1844) ; and History of the Literature 

 of Ancient Greece ( 1846), undertaken at the request 

 of the British 'Society for the Diffusion of Useful 

 Knowledge,' translated into English by Sir George 

 Cornewall Lewis and Dr Donaldson, the latter of 

 whom continued the work down to the taking of 

 Constantinople. The German original was pub- 

 lished by Midler's brother (2 vols. 1841 ; new 

 ed. 1882-84). Miiller Issued useful critical editions 

 of Varro, De I.tnguA LatinA (1833); Festns, De 

 Signification* Vertmrum (1839); and yEschylus, 

 Eumenides (1833-35). See Memoirs by Liicke 

 ( 1841 ) and F. Kanke ( 1870). 



Mullet (Miigil), a genus of acanthopterous 

 bony fishes, type of the family Mugilidre. The 

 members are common coast tishes, often frequent- 

 ing brackish water. They cat mud, which they 

 crush and sift within a filtering pharynx, reject- 

 ing the useless stuff, swallowing the rest for the 

 sake of the organic debris it contains. The mouth 

 has at most feeble teeth ; the gill-rakers form an 

 effective sieve ; the stomach is rather like a bird's 



Common (5 ray Mullet (ifugil capita). 



gizzard ; the intestines are exceedingly long. There 

 are about seventy species, some of which attain a 

 weight of 10 or' 12 jmunds. As they are edible 

 and sometimes highly esteemed, the mullets ough 

 to be more cultivated. Among British species 

 M. oclo-radMttts, M. capita, M. emratut may b< 

 noted. A species from the fresh waters of Centra 

 America (M. jiroboscideiu) has a pointed flesh) 

 snout. The Mediterranean mullet formed 



xvourite Roman dish, and their roes preserved 

 .re made into a delicacy. 



The so-called 'red mullets' (Mullnt) are quite 

 itVerent from the above, and not far removed from 

 wrclies. The body is slightly compressed, and 

 covered with large, thin scales. There an- two 

 ong, erectile barbels and feeble teeth. About 

 orty species, mostly from tropical seas, are divided 

 nmong a number of sub-genera. There is only one 

 European species (M. barbatus), of which the so- 

 ailed 'surmullet* is proltahly tin- frmule form, 

 t occurs on the southern coasts of Britain, and is 

 much esteemed as a delicacy. The male seems to 

 >o smaller than the female, which in Britbb waters 

 rarely exceeds two pounds in weight. The colour 



Surmullet, 



of the surmullet is pa]e pink, with three or four 

 yellow longitudinal stripes ; Imt where any of the 

 scales have Iwen nibbed off beautiful tints of 

 |>urple and bright red appear. This takes place 

 also during the stmggles of the fish when dying, 

 and the Uomaus were therefore accustomed to 

 bring surmullets alive into their banquet ing-rooms 

 that the guests might see them die, and enjoy 

 the brilliant display of colour before eating the 

 fish. 'The Bshenwa of our times,' (iiinther say-, 

 'attain the same object by scaling the tisli imme- 

 diately after its capture, thus causing a )>ermanent 

 contraction of the ehromatophom (ooloar-cem) 

 containiiiL' the red pigment.' See (iiiiithcr'a Study 

 ,,f AY.vA. x ( Kdin. 1880). 



Mullet. See HERALDRY. 



Mllllilltfar', the chief town of WcRtmeath, in 

 Ireland. M miles \VN\V. of Dublin by rail, on the 

 Royal Canal and the river IJroMia. It is an im- 

 portant trading town, has large infantry barracks, 

 ami i> a centre for anglers visiting the Westmeath 

 lakc>. Pop. ( 1861 ) 5426 ; ( 1S1I1 ) r.Ii'J.S. 



Mllllioil. the upright division between the 

 lights of windows, screens, &c. in Cot hie architec- 

 ture. Mullions are rarely met with in Norman 

 architecture, but they become more frequent in the 

 Early English style, and in the I orated and Per- 

 pendicular are very common. They have tome- 

 times small shafts attached to them, which carry 

 the tracery of the upper part of the windows. 

 In late domestic architecture they are usually 

 plain. See WINDOW. 



Mlllofk, Miss. SeeCliAIK. 



llulreatly. \Viu. IAM, genre-painter, was born 



at Ennis, in' Ireland, 1st April 17M',. When a 

 boy lie went to London with his parents, and at 

 thi- a^e of fifteen entered as a student in the 

 ] Academy. Having tried classical subjects 

 ami landscape, he soon found his true sphere in 

 genre-painting painting subjects such as 'A Road- 

 side Inn,' 'Horses Baiting,' the ' Barhert Shop,' 

 and 'Punch '(1812), ' B-.ys Fishing' (1813), 'Idle 

 Boys' (1815). He was elected an Associate of the 

 ll.i'yal Academy in Novemlier 1815, and an Aca- 

 demician in February 1816. He also worked indo- 

 fatigably at portrait -pain ting and the illustra- 

 tion of * children's books ; designed the famous 



