MULTAN 



MUNICH 



343 



' M already envelope ' for Sir Rowland Hill ; and 

 was throughout conscientious, careful in drawing, 

 and rich in colouring. 'The Truant' (1835), 'The 

 Seven Ages' (1838), 'The Sonnet' (1839), 'First 

 Love ' ( 1840 ) are famous works of his middle period ; 

 and his illustrations to the Vicar of Wakefield are 

 well known. His later works, 'Women Bathing' 

 (1849), 'Blackheath Park' (1849), 'The Toy 

 Seller' (1862), showed failing powers. He died in 

 London, 7th July 1863. See Stephens, Memorials 

 of M already ( ' Great Artists ' series, 1890). 



Mill tan, or MOOLTAN, an ancient city of 

 India, in the Punjab, stands on a mound formed by 

 the ruins of ancient cities that occupied the same 

 site, 4 miles from the left bank of the Chenab, the 

 inundations of which sometimes reach Multan. It 

 is surrounded on all sides except the south by a 

 wall 10 to 20 feet high. The European quarter 

 lies to the north awl west of the city, whilst to the 

 south is the citadel, which contains two Moham- 

 medan shrines, the ruins of an ancient Hindu 

 temple, and a massive obelisk (70 feet) to the 

 memory of Vans Agnew and Anderson, mur- 

 dered here in 1848. The vicinity abounds in 

 mosques, tombs, shrines, &c. Manufactures of 

 silks, cottons, and carpets are carried on ; and the 

 gla/ed pottery and enamel work enjoy a high 

 reputation. Multan is an important centre of 

 trade : it collects all the products of the Punjab, 

 chiefly cotton, wheat, wool, sugar, indigo, and oil- 

 seeds, sends them by the Indus Valley Railway to 

 Hv'li-rabad and Karachi, and imports European 

 piece-goods and other manufactured articles. From 

 Afghanistan it receives fruits, drugs, spices, and 

 raw silk, and sends back indigo, cotton, and other 

 textiles, sugar, and coarse shoes (of its own manu- 

 facture). In 1849 Multan was taken by the 

 I'.iiti.sh troops and annexed. Pop. (1868) 64,652; 

 (1881) 68,674; (1891) 74,562. The area of the 

 district is 6079 sq. in., and its pop. (1891) 

 031,484 



Mnltiple-poindini; is a well-known form of 

 legal process in Scotland, by which competing 

 claims to one and the same fund are set at rest. 

 A person who has funds in his possession, to which 

 there are more claimants than one, is liable to be 

 harassed by double distress ; and hence he com- 

 mences a suit called the action of multiple-poinding, 

 by which he alleges that he ought not to l>e made 

 to pay the sum more than once ; and as he does 

 not know who is really entitled to payment, he 

 cites all the parties claiming it, that they may fight 

 out their claims among themselves. The correspond- 

 ing process in England is Interpleader (q.v.). 



Multiple Proportions. See CHEMISTRY. 



Mlllll. a peculiar kind of leer made of wheat- 

 malt, to which some brewers add oat and bean meal. 

 See tfotn and Queries for November 1881, p. 376. 



Mumming. See CORINTH. 



Mummy. See EMBALMING. 



Mumps, a popular name of a specific inflam- 

 mation of the salivary glands described by nosolo- 

 gists as Cynnni-.hr, /'><;,//,/,<,<, or Parotitis. In Scot- 

 land it is frequently termed The liranks. The 

 disorder usually begins with a feeling of stiffness 

 about the jaws, which is followed by pains, heat, 

 anil swelling beneath the ear. The swelling l'<. r ins 

 in the parotid, but the other Salivary Glands (q.v.) 

 usually soon become implicated, so that the 

 swelling extends along the neck towards the chin, 

 thus giving the patient a deformed and somewhat 

 grotesque appearance. One or both sides may be 

 affected, and in general the disease appears first 

 on one side and then on the other. There is seldom 

 much fever. The inflammation is usually at its 

 highest point in three or four days, after which it 



begins to decline, suppuration of the glands scarcely 

 ever occurring. In most cases no treatment further 

 than antiphlogistic regimen, due attention to the 

 bowels, and protection of the parts from cold, by 

 the application of flannel or cotton-wool is required, 

 and tne patient completely recovers in a week or a 

 fortnight. The disease is infectious ; and the 

 infection probably remains for at least a fortnight 

 after apparent recovery. Like most infectious 

 diseases, it seldom aftects the same person twice. 

 It chiefly attacks children and young persons. A 

 singular circumstance connected with the disease 

 is that in many cases the subsidence of the swell- 

 ing is immediately followed by swelling and pain 

 in the testes in the male sex, and in the mammai in 

 the female. The inflammation in these glands is 

 seldom very painful or long continued, but is apt 

 in the male to lead to permanent atrophy of the 

 organ. 



Munchcn. See MUNICH. 



Munchlinnsen, KARL FRIEDRICH HIERONY- 

 MUS, BARON VON, a member of an ancient, noble 

 family of Hanover, whose name has become pro- 

 verbial as the narrator of false and ridiculously 

 exaggerated exploits and adventures, was born lltli 

 May 1720, at Bodenwerder, in Hanover, served as 

 a cavalry officer in Russian campaigns against the 

 Turks, and died at his birthplace, 22d February 

 1797. A collection of his marvellous stories, or 

 stories attributed to him, was first published in 

 English under the title of Baron Mitnchhaitsen's 

 Narrative of his Marvellous Travels and Campaigns 

 in Russia (Lond. 1785). They were compiled by 

 Rudolf Erich Raspe, an expatriated German (W!IOM> 

 financial enterprises were not creditable to him), 

 and by other hack writers. The book went rapidly 

 through several editions ; and in 1786 appeared the 

 t'n-t lii-rman version edited by the poet Burger. 

 Ellisen's edition (reprinted in 1890) is enriched by 

 an admirable introduction. So is Seccombe's Eng- 

 lish edition (1894), which points out many hits 

 at Bruce, Montgollier, &c. Several of the adven- 

 tures aseril>ed to the baron occur in Bebel's Facedts 

 (1508); others in Lange's Delicire Academics (1~65). 

 See Muller-Fraureuth, Deutsche Liiyeudichtinn/i-n 

 (1881). A Freiherr von Miinchhausen (1813-86) 

 became in 1850 head of the government of Hanover; 

 and after the annexation of Hanover by I'mssia 

 ( 1866) he made himself a champion of the national 

 party. 



M illicit*, capital of Delaware county, Indiana, 

 54 miles by rail ENE. of Indianapolis, is an im- 

 portant railway junction, and has manufactories of 

 furniture, castings, &c. Pop. ( 1900) -id.iMi 



Mllnden, a town of Hanover, at the influx of 

 the Werra and Fulda to the Weser, 15 miles NE. 

 of Cassel. Engirt by wooded hills, it has a school 

 of forestry (1868), an old castle, and manufactures 

 of india-rubber, glass, sugar, &c. Pop. (1875) 

 5679 ; ( 1885) 7053. See also MlNDEJJ. 



Mango, ST. See KENTIGERN. 



Mungoose. See ICHNEUMON. 



Munich (Ger. Mitnchen), the capital of 

 Bavaria, is situated in a flat, barren plain, 1700 

 feet al>ove the sea-level, chiefly on the left or west 

 bank of the impetuous Isar, a tributary of the 

 Danube. By rail it is 440 miles SSW. of Berlin, 

 272 \V. of Vienna, and 867 SE. of London. Seven 

 bridges, including a railway bridge, span the river 

 to tne suburbs on the right bank. The elevated 

 site of the citv and the neighl>ourhood of the Alps 

 render it liabfe to sudden changes of temperature, 

 sometimes ranging over 20 in twenty-four hours. 

 The population in 1885 was 261, 981, of whom about 

 84 per cent, were Roman Catholics; by 1890 it 

 had increased to 350,710; in 1880 it was 230,023; 



