sr.o 



MURPHY 



MURRAY 



and Flemish art in the royal collections. In 1645 

 he determined to return to Seville, though advised 

 to proceed to Koine liy Velasquez, who offered him 

 letters from the king. After settling in Seville, he 

 painted eleven large and remarkable pictures for 

 the convent of San Francisco. He at once became 

 famous, and, receiving numerous important com- 

 missions, was soon acknowledged a,- the head of 

 the school there. In 16KS Mnrillo married a lady 

 of fortune ; he now maintained a handsome estab- 

 lishment, and his house was the resort of people of 

 taste and fashion. Altout this time he passed from 

 his Bret or ' cold ' style dark with decided outlines 

 to his second or ' warm ' style, in which the 

 drawing is softer and the colour improved. Of the 

 second style good examples are ' St Leander,' the 

 'Nativity of the Virgin,' and 'St Antony of 

 Padua.' In 1650 he was engaged on four great 

 semicircular pictures, which are the first examples 

 of his third or ' vaporous ' manner, the outlines 

 vanishing in a misty blending of light and shade. 

 The thn-e styles, it should be said, are not strictly 

 chronoli i^ical, the warm style constantly reappear- 

 ing. The Academv of Seville was founded by him 

 in 1660, but he filled the office of president only 

 during the first year. After this came Murillos 

 most William period ; eight of the eleven pictures 

 painted in 1661-74 for the almshnuse of St Jorge, 

 including 'Moses striking the Hock,' ' Abraham 

 and the Angels,' 'The Miracle of the Loaves and 

 Fishes,' ' St Peter released from Prison,' and 'St 

 Elizabeth,' are accounted his masterpieces. He 

 executed some twenty pieces for the Capuchin 

 Convent after 1673. He frequently chose the Im- 

 maculate Conception or Assumption of the Virgin 

 as a subject, and treated them much alike ; the 

 famous 'Conception' now in the Louvre was sold in 

 1852 at the sale of Marshal Soult's pictures for 

 24,000. In 1681 he went to Cadiz, and while there 

 fell from a scaffold when painting an altarpiece in 

 the church of the Capuchins, returned to Seville, 

 and soon after died from the injury he received, 

 A|iril 3, 1682. Murillo's pictures naturally fall into 

 two great groups scenes from low life, Gypsies and 

 Iwggar children (mostly executed early in his life), 

 and scripture and religious works. Of the former, 

 by which lie is largely Known abroad, very few are 

 to be seen in Spain. Though his best pictures 

 show much technical skill, truth to nature, and 

 sentiment of a kind, they seldom show ideal beauty 

 or sublimity of feeling. 



See Miss E. E. Minor's Murillo ('Great Artists' aeries, 

 1882), and C. B. Curtis' Vdatqua and AfuriMo (1883), 

 the latter giving a li-t of 481 pictures by Murillo 105 in 

 London. 99 elsewhere in England, Cl in Madrid, 59 in 

 Seville, 21 in Paris, 24 in Russia, Aa 



Murphy, ARTHUR, dramatic and miscellaneous 

 writer, was born in Koscommon, Ireland, in 1727. 

 Intended by his father for business, he was placed 

 in a London bank, but having, during his educa- 

 tion at the college at St Omer, in trance, made 

 extraordinary proficiency in Creek and Latin, he 

 contracted literary and dramatic tastes. In 1752-74 

 he published the Cr/iii's Inn Journal, a weekly 

 paper which obtained him the acquaintance of l)r 

 .lolmson. licing disappointed of some expectations 

 and already in debt, lie went on the stage, and 

 made his first appearance as Othello. In one 

 season he paid his debts, and then left the stage 

 with tim> in his pocket ; and, determining to study 

 law, he entered Lincoln's Inn in 17")7. In 1758 he 

 produced his first play, Tlie Uiiholtterer, a successful 

 farce; in 1762 he was called to the liar, but with 

 so poor a result that in 178K he retired. He 

 continued to write comedies and other plays for the 

 stage, and is said to have produced more stock 

 pieces than any man of his time. His translation 

 of Tacitus (1793) is excellent; but his Essay on 



Johnton and Life of Gurrick did not add to his 

 .HIM-. His dramatic works lill 8 vols. Late in 

 ife he became a ( 'onimiiisioiier of liunkrupt.-. and 

 mioyed a pension of 200 a year. He died in l(Mi.">. 

 See his Life by Jesse Foot ( 1811 ). 



Murrain is the generic term loosely used to 

 lesignate a variety of diseases of domestic annuals, 

 but more generally restricted to the ve-icular epi- 

 zootic, popularly known as the foot and month 

 h-ca.se. It is a contagious, infectious eruptive 

 fever, affecting cattle, sheep, pigs, and poultry; 

 hut is rarely communicable to horses or men. It is 

 characterised by the appearance of little bladders 

 or vesicles in the mouth, on the lip-, gums, and 

 tongue, on the coronets and interdigitnl spaces of 

 the feet, causing inability to eat, driveHing of 

 saliva, sometimes heat ami swelling of the udder, 

 and lameness. The disorder runs a fixed and 

 definite course usually in eight or ten days. Good 

 nursing, comfortable lodgings, and a liberal supply 

 of soft, easily digestible food, are the chief requisites 

 for speedy recovery. A laxative may be given if 

 needed. The Booth may be washed out twice 

 daily with a mild astringent solution, which may- 

 be made with half an ounce of alum, oxide of zinc, 

 or sugar of lead, to the quart of water. When the 

 udder in milch cows, in which the complaint is 

 usually most serious, is affected, it should lie bathed 

 with tepid water before and after milking, which 

 must lie attended to very regularly, the feet kept 

 clean, loose horn removed, and washed occasion- 

 ally with the lotion used for the mouth. See also 

 ANTHRAX, CATTLE-PLAGI i:. I'i.i:rim TM i MONIA. 



Murray, ALEXANDER, philologist, was born 

 the son of a shepherd in the parish of Minni- 

 gaff, Kirkcudbright, 2~2d October 1775, and had 

 hardly any education save what his father could 

 impart, till 1788, when he was at school for a short 

 time. Yet by diligent and omnivorous reading of 

 all such Ixioks'as fell in his way or could lie l.orrowed, 

 he, when engaged as a shepherd, acquired, besides a 

 scholarly knowledge of English literature, a mastery 

 of the classics, all the principal European tongues, 

 and Hebrew. The fame of the learned shepherd led 

 to an invitation to Edinburgh, where he obtained a 

 bursary, gave private lessons, ami continued his 

 linguistic lal>ours, which were extended to oriental 

 tongues and ancient and modern Abyssinian. In 

 1806 he became minister of I'rr, in 1S12 professor 

 of Oriental Languages in Edinburgh University ; 

 but he died 15th April 1813. His History of the 

 Kiiriiju-iiH I.iimjiiittja was published in Is-J.'i. 



Murray, DAVID CHRISTIE, novelist, was intrn 

 13th April 'lS47,at\Vest Hromwich, in Staffordshire, 

 and had served as reiwrter and then as war-corre- 

 spondent (1877-78) for several newspapers, when 

 in 1879 he pulilished A Life's Atii/nmoit in M'ham- 

 bers's Journal.' In the same journal appeared 

 Val Strange and John Vale's (,'utiriliiin. Other 

 works are lit/ the Gate of the Sea, The Way of the 

 World, An'iit i:>i<-/iel. Old Miner's Hero, The 

 Weaker Vessel, A Dangerous Catspaw, &c. In 

 1889 he visited Australia' and went on the stage. 



Murray, EI-STACE CLARE GRENVILLE, the 

 ' Roving Englishman,' was l>orn 2d October 1819, 



the natural son of the second I>uke of Bucking- 

 ham. After studying at Oxford, he served till 

 1849 in the Austrian army; in 1>C>1 joined the 

 British emliassy at Vienna as attache ; in 1S53-54 

 went on a special mission to the islands in the 

 .ligean Sea; in 1857 was attache at Teheran ; anil 

 in the next year consul-general at Odessa, For 

 ex|H>sing in the public press in 1866 certain 

 abuses connected with the foreign office he was 

 dismissed the service. He spent the rest of his 

 life in Paris, ami died at Passv, on 20th December 

 1881. As a journalist he is best known for his 



