MUSTELID.E 



MUYSCAS 



365 



it is msnal to mix the two, so as to fully develop 

 the action of the latter. The use of boiling water 

 is of course inadmissible in forming such a poultice, 

 as it rapidly dissipates the volatile oil, on which 

 the virtues partly depend (see BLISTERS ). ' Mustard 

 papers,' used as vesicants, are made of mustard 

 flour deprived of its fixed oil. The cake that 

 remains after the oil is extracted may l>e given to 

 cattle as a condiment. The Mustard-tree of Scrip- 

 ture has been supposed to be Salvatfora jiersica, a 

 small tree of the natural order Salvadoraceje, a 

 small order allied to Myrsinace.-e ; but other inter- 

 preters insist that the ordinary black mustard is 

 meant in the proverb. 



MllstHuIa 1 , a family in the bear section o( 

 the Carnivora (q.v.), somewhat arbitrarily divided 

 into otter-like (Lutrine), badger-like (Meline), 

 and weasel-like (Musteline) sub- families. See 

 the articles on these and related types. 



II II sill III All (Persian form of Arabic Muslim), 

 a Moslem or Mohammedan. We need hardly add 

 that the termination 'an ' has nothing to do with 

 our word man, and that a further English plural 

 Miisultf, instead of Musulmans, is both barbar- 

 ous and a 1 i-u ill. 



Mlltn Xzige, a lake of Equatorial Africa dis- 

 covered by Stanley in 1876, and again seen by him 

 in 1889, and renamed the All>ert Edward Nyanza, 

 It occupies the southern end of a vast natural 

 depression, of which the Albert Nyanza (q.v.) fills 

 the northern extremity. 



Mute, a small instrument used to modify the 

 sound of the violin or violoncello. It is mode of 

 hard wood, ivory, or brass, and is attached to the 

 bridge by means of a slit, its three legs standing 

 between, but clear of, the strings. The use of the 

 mute both softens the tone and imparts to it a 

 peculiar muffled and tremulous quality, which is 

 some times very effective. Its application i* indi- 

 cated by the letters c. *., or con sordino, and its 

 ili-.-ontimiance by *. *., or senza sordino. A mute, 

 (cMi*isting of a pear-shaped leather pad, is some- 

 times used for tin; horn and trumpet. It is inserted 

 into the lx-11 of the instrument, thereby subduing the 

 sound and producing the effect of great distance. 



Mutiny, as defined by British military law, 

 is 'collective insubordination,' or the combination 

 of two or more persons to resist or induce others to 

 resist lawful military authority. The punishment 

 laid down in the Army Act of 1881 for this crime 

 and for failing when present to use the utmost 

 effort to suppress it, or, when knowing of a mutiny 

 or intended mutiny, failing to give notice of it to 

 the commanding officer, ig death or such less 

 punishment as a court-martial shall award. It 

 may be (pointed out that, in view of the above 

 le-'il definition, one man alone cannot be guilty of 

 mutiny, but may I* charged with ' insubordina- 

 tion,' a crime which, in its worst forms, is also 

 punishable by death. On board ship the mutiny 

 of the Bounty (see PITCAIRN ISLAND) in 1789 

 is memorable, and of that on board the Datiae 

 frigate in 1800 ; the great naval mutiny at the 

 ISore (q.v.) in 1797 is dealt with specially. The 

 Indian Mutiny is a common name of the Sepoy 

 rebellion of 1857. See INDIA. 



Mutiny Act was an act passed by the British 

 parliament from year to year, to regulate the 

 government of the army. The navy and marines, 

 when serving on a ship in commission, are under 

 Naval Discipline Acts, 1861 and 1866, the successors 

 of Articles of War first enacted under Charles II., 

 which, unlike the Mutiny Act, remained in force for 

 an indefinite time. By the Bill of Rights the main- 

 tenance of a standing army in time of peace, unless 

 by consent of parliament, was declared illegal, and 



from that time the number of troops to be main- 

 tained, and the cost of the different branches of 

 the service, have been regulated by an annual vote 

 of the House of Commons. Soldiers, in time of 

 war or rebellion, were always subject to military 

 law ; but the occurrence of a mutiny in certain 

 Scottish regiments soon after the Revolution raised 

 the question whether the same law could be 

 enforced in time of peace ; and it was decided 

 that, in the absence of any statute to the 

 contrary, a soldier in time of peace was only 

 amenable to the common law : if he deserted, he 

 was only liable for breach of contract ; or if he 

 struck his officer, to an indictment for assault. 

 The authority of the legislature became indispens- 

 able to the maintenance of discipline ; and parlia- 

 ment, from 1689 till 1879, conferred this and 

 other powers in the Mutiny Act, limited in its 

 duration at one time to six months, but latterly 

 to a year. Although it was greatly changed from 

 the form in which it first passed, the annual 

 alterations were slight, and substantially it had 

 a fixed form. The preamble quoting the above 

 declaration from the Bill of Rights added that it 

 was judged necessary that a force of specified 

 strength should lie continued, while it gave 

 authority to the sovereign to enact Articles of 

 War for the government of that force. The act 

 specified the persons liable to its provisions, 

 treated of courts-martial crimes and punishments, 

 and of military prisons, furlough, Enlistment (q.v.), 

 stoppages, billet*, and the conveyance and enter- 

 tainment of troops. For years prior to 1878 atten- 

 tion had lieen drawn in parliament and elsewhere 

 to the shortcomings of the act, as well as to those 

 of the Articles of War (q.v.) by which it was 

 accompanied, explained, and amplified. These 

 representations culminated in the np|Miintment of a 

 Parliamentary Committee, which in 1879 presented 

 a Bill to supersede the Mutiny Act, and, like it, 

 to l>e passed annually as the ' Army Discipline and 

 Regulation Act.' The Marine Forces when serving 

 on shore were under the Marine Mutiny Act up to 

 1879; then they were brought under the 'Army 

 Discipline and Regulation Act.' In 1881 this act 

 was slightly modified and called the ' Army Act 

 of 1881.' It is brought into force annually by a 

 short act called the Army Annual Act, which lays 

 down the number of troops to lie kept up for the 

 ensuing twelve months, the prices to be paid in 

 billets, and any amendments found to be necessary 

 in the Army Act itself. The latter is accom- 

 panied by Rules of Procedure for its administra- 

 tion, and contains the whole military law of Great 

 Britain. 



Mutt ra, or MATHUHA, a town of India, in the 

 North-west Provinces, is situated on the right 

 bank of the Jumna, 30 miles almve Agra. For 

 centuries it was a centre of the Buddhist faith, and 

 the surrounding country teems with traditions of 

 Krishna (or Vishnu, q.v.) and his brother Balarama. 

 There are numerous temples and mosques ; the river 

 is lined with magnificent flights of stairs, leading 

 down to the bathing-places in the sacred river ; 

 large numbers of pilgrims resort to the city on the 

 occasion of its religious festivals ; and troops of 

 monkeys and turtles are supported by the charity 

 of the gentle-hearted people. The city has passed 

 through a long series of misfortunes : it was sacked 

 by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1017 ; its temples were 

 destroyed by a native sultan in 1500, and by 

 Aurungzebe in 16(59; and it was plundered by the 

 Afghans in 1756. In 1803 it passed into the hands 

 of the British. Pop. (1881)57,724; (1891) 61,195. 

 The district hen an area of 1453 sq. m., and a 

 pop. (1881) of 671,690; (1891) 772,874. 



Muyscas. See COLOMBIA. 



