B86 



NAPIEH 



NAPLES 



of the ameers, and master of Siml ; anil after the 

 annexation Lord Ellenhorough made him governor 

 of Siml. He gained the respect and reverence of 

 tin- inhabitants, hut noon became engaged in an 

 acrimonious war of despatched with the British 

 authorities. In 1847 he returned to England. 

 After attending a aeries of festivals in his honour, 

 he lived in retirement until the disasters of the 

 Sikh war caused the eyes of his countrymen to be 

 turned to the hero of Sind. He went to India, 

 but found on his arrival that the Sikhs had lieen 

 routed. He now turned his attention, as com- 

 mander in chief of the army in India, to the subject 

 of military reform, ami quarrelled with Lord Dal- 

 housie. He liadc a final adieu to the East in 1851, 

 and returned to his native country, where he 

 resided until his death, which took place at his 

 eat, at Oakland*, near Portsmouth, on 29th 



1853. He had then attained the rank of 

 lieutenant-general, was G.C. B., and colonel of the 

 22<1 Foot. It must be remembered to his honour 

 that he was the first English general who ever 

 recorded in his despatches the names of private 

 soldiers who hail distinguished themselves, side by 

 side with those of otticers. Brave to rashness, 

 ready alike with tongue, pen, and sword, quarrel- 

 some with his superiors, but beloved by his soldiers, 

 and, to crown all, of wild yet noble and striking 

 auiiearance, Napier was one of the most remark- 

 able men of his time. See the biography 1>\ his 

 brother (4 vols. 1857), that bv \V. Napier I 

 ( 1885), and the short Life by SiV \V. Butler ( 1890). 



His brother, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS PATRICK 

 NAPIKR, K.C.B., was born 17th December 1785, 

 served in the Peninsular campaign, and became 

 lieutenant-general. Besides his famous History of 

 the \\'nr in lite Peninsula (6 vols. 1828-40), he 

 published The Conquest of Scinde (1845), and the 

 Life of his brother Sir Charles ( 1857 ). He .lied at 

 Clapham, 12th February 1860. Sec his Life by 

 H. A. Bruce (1864). 



Xapl<*r. JOHN, Laird of Merchiston, was born 

 at Merchiston Castle, near Edinburgh, in 155(). He 

 matriculated at St Andrews in 1563, and travelled 

 for some time on the Continent, returning to his 

 unlive country highlv informed and cultivated ; 

 but, declining all civil employments, he preferred 

 the seclusion of a life devoted to literary and 

 scientific study. In 1593, however, he was one of 

 a deputation of six to the king regarding the 

 punishment of the ' Popish Itelwls ; ' and in the 

 same year he published his 1'lnine Discovery (or 

 'Interpretation') of the whole Rcitelntinti of Smut 

 John (revised ed. 1611; 5th ed. 4to, 1MB). In 

 the dedication to King James VI. he gave his 

 majesty some very plain advice regarding the 

 propriety of reforming his ' house, family, and 

 roiirt;' and the work went through numerous 

 editions in English, Dutch, French, and German. 

 In July 1594 he made a contract with Logan of 

 IIiMalrig for the discovery of treasure in Fast 



About this time he seems to have devoted 

 much of his time to the invention of warlike 

 machines for the defence of the country against 

 I'iiilip of Spain, and a list of the same exists at 

 l..nnlietli Palace, dated 1596. Like other eminent 

 ni'-n of the time, Napier, though a strict Presby- 

 terian. seems to have been a believer in astrology 

 and divination. In 1596 he proposed the use of 

 salt as a fertiliser of land. In 1614 he first gave 

 to the world his famous invention of Logarithms 

 ( i|. v.), in a treatise entitled Miriftci Liii/iin'tlmi'inim 

 ('t>i"ni.i Itrxrri/itio (4to, Edin.). Napier's next 

 work was KnMoloyia: teu Numeration!* jttr I'ir- 

 gnlti* liliri ilm, ( Kdin. 1617), detailing an invention 

 for ninijilifying and shortening the processes of 

 multiplication and division mechanically by means 

 of the device subsequently known as fintiicr'i 



Bones .n arrangement of narrow slips of bone, 



ivory, metal, or pastelxMud, inscribed with figures. 

 This ingenious contrhancc, however, was super- 

 seded by his logarithms. He also prepared a 

 second work on logarithms, showing their mode of 

 construction and application, with an np|>endix 

 containing several pm]>o-itions of spherical trigono- 

 metry, and those foinml:c which are now known 

 by his name. This work was published after his 

 death i4th April 1017) by his son Kolx-rt in 1619. 

 There is an English translation by \V. R. Mac- 

 donald, 7 'Ac ( 'iinxtnirlnm of the Wonderful Cumin 

 of Logarithm*, with a catalogue of the various 

 editions of Napier's works ( 1889). Napier's eld. -t 

 son. Archibald, was raised to the jn>erge as the 

 first Lord Napier by Charles I. in 1(!27, and his 

 deMewUnti still bear the title the ninth Bin-on 

 Napier having in 1872 liemme also Bnron Kin irk 

 in the peerage of the Tinted Kingdom. 



Two Live of Napier have lieen published, the one by 

 the I-4irl of Buchan ( 1787), nd the other by Mark Napier 

 (li<:44), who also edited An Lvtittica, 'The Hartm nf 

 Mt-ix'histon hia booke of Aritlum tickc and Algebra' 

 ( 1839), reprinted from a manuscript copy for the Itamia- 

 t;. in- ( 'lull. This work had been originally transcribed 

 from Napier's notes by his son Kobert 



Xapirr. MACVKV, l>orn at Glasgow, llth April 

 177(1. vt a- educated there and in Kdin burgh, and in 

 1799 liecame a writer to the Signet, in 1805 Signet 

 Librarian (which post he retained till 1837), and 

 in 1824 first piofessor of Conveyancing. He edited 

 the supplement to the fifth edition of the Kncyclo- 

 IHI,I,II Jiritiiinnca (6 vols. 1816-24), and in 1829 

 succeeded Jeffrey as editor of theAViW//Y//i lliriew 

 (q.v.). Among his contributors wen- Nlacaiilay, 

 Carlvle, J. S. .Mill. Bir William Hamilton, and (alas 

 for tlie editor ! ) Brougham. He died llth February 

 1S47. See his interesting Correspondent! (1879). 



Napier of Mai;<l;il;i. LORD. Koliert (on 

 Najiier \\a- Imrn in Ci-ylon, (ith December 1810, 

 and was educated at the Military College at 

 Addiscomlie. He entered the Bengal Engineers 

 in IN'21!. served in the Sutlej campaign, was 

 wounded while acting as chief engineer at the 

 siege of Multan, and had a prominent share in 

 the battle of C.njrat. As chief-engineer of the 

 Punjab, with the rank of colonel, he greatly de- 

 veloped the resources of the country. I lining 

 the Indian Mutiny he was chief-engineer in Sir 

 Colin Campbell's army, and especially distin- 

 guished himself at tin- siege of Luckiiow, and 

 was made K.C.I!. He received the thanks of 

 parliament for his services in the Chinese war of 

 l.v'-.s. As commander of the expedition in Abys- 

 sinia (q.v.) in 1808, he achieved a brilliant success, 

 both by his whole management of the short cam- 

 paign and in the. storming of Magduhi. which ended 

 it. (In his return he received the thanks of parlia- 

 ment, an annuity of i'2(KKl. was made G.C.B., and 

 created Karon Napier of Mjigdahi. In 1.S70 he was 

 appointed Commander in duct of the forces in 

 India, and DO&tinated a number of the Indian 

 Council. In 1876-82 he wa^ ;o> ( -inor of (iihralfar, 

 and on resigning was made Field marshal, in ISM; 

 Constable ofthe Tower. Iledied 14th January 1890. 



\il|l'S owes its foundation to a Imdy nl Creek 

 colonists, twoscUlcments, Pahro|iolis ami Neapolis,, 

 existing for many y-.'ars side by side as one com- 

 munity. Parthfno]M-. In ,S - 2S n.c. Ixilh were sub- 

 dued by Home: from that time I'aheopolis ilis- 

 ap|ienr8, whilst its neighbour wius made an allv of 

 Koine. It resisted I'vnhus, deterred Hannibal, 

 but fell through treachery into the hands of Sulla's 

 partisans (82 B.C.), who massacred the people. 

 l"nder the empire it was a favourite place of 

 M -i'lrtiee for the emperors and the upper classes 

 of Home, and of the |iocts Virgil, Statins, Silius 

 Itolicus, luxury and pleasure, and iU beautiful 



