NAPOLEONA 



NARCOTICS 



397 



the other players. If he fails he similarly has t 

 pay all round. If Nap is declared and won, th 

 stand-hand receives double all round ; if lost, h 

 only pays single. Sometimes this rule applies t 

 four tricks, when Nap receives triple and only pay 

 single. There is no misdeal ; errors in dealin 

 require a fresh deal. A player who exposes a can 

 before all have declared, or declares out of turn 

 cannot stand on that hand. A player who expose, 

 or detaches a card after the play has begun, or wh< 

 plays out of turn, is fined the value of three trick 

 to the stand-hand, besides what he loses if th 

 stand-hand wins. If the stand-hand loses, the 

 player fined receives nothing. The stand-hand i 

 liable to no penalty for exposing or detaching a 

 card, nor for playin" out of turn. If the stand-ham 

 revokes he loses what he stood for. If any othe 

 player revokes, and the stand-hand wins, the revoke 

 has to pay for all the players ; if the stand-ham 

 loses he has to pay to all but the revoker, who 

 receives nothing. Cards played after the correction 

 of a revoke are replayed. See H. G. Playfair's 

 Game of Napoleon (1884). 



\apoleona (also called Belvisia), a tropica 

 African genus of myrtaceous plants, of which the 

 one known species N. impertalis has showy red, 

 white, or blue flowers, and a fruit resembling a 

 pomegranate. 



Xarlioiinc. a town in the French department 

 of Aude, on the La Kobine branch of the Canal du 

 Midi, 8 miles from the Mediterranean and 93 by 

 rail ESE. of Toulouse. The removal since 1865 of 

 the fortifications has been an improvement, but 

 the place remains dirty and unattractive, with only 

 three noteworthy buildings. These are the Roman- 

 esque church of St Paul (1229); the quondam 

 cathedral of St Just (1272-1332), only the fine 

 Gothic choir of which, 131 feet high, has been com- 

 pleted ; and the former archbishop's palace, now 

 the hdtel-de-ville, in one of whose three old towers 

 Louis XIII. in 1642 signed the order to arrest Cinq 

 Mars, and in which are a good museum, a library, 

 and a picture gallery. The white heather-honey of 

 Narlwnne maintains its ancient celebrity ; the 

 wine is chiefly used for blending purposes. Pop. 

 (1872) 14,159; < 1891 > 27 - 05fl - Narbonne is the 

 Narbo Martins of the Romans, their earliest colony 

 (118 B.C.) beyond the Alps ; and, situated on the 

 high-road to Spain and the basin of the Garonne, 

 was a place of great commercial importance. Under 

 Tiberius it flourished greatly, its schools for a long 

 time rivalling those of Rome. About 309 A.D. it 

 became the capital of Gallia Narbonensis, and had 

 its capitol, forum, theatre, aqueducts, triumphal 

 arches, &c. In 412 it was taken by the Visigoths, 

 in 719 by the Saracens, from whom it was recovered 

 by Pepin in 759, to fall just a century later to the 

 arms of the Northmen. During the llth and 12th 

 centuries it was a prosperous manufacturing city, 

 bnt subsequently it decayed. Varro and Mont- 

 laucon were natives. 



Narcissus, according to a Greek fable, was 

 the son of the river god Cephissus and of the nymph 

 Liriope or Liritcssa of Thespi.-r, in Boeotia. He was 

 a youth of extraordinary beauty, of which he was 

 excessively vain ; and for this he was punished by 

 Nemesis by being made to fall in love with himself 

 on seeing the reflection of his own face in a fountain. 

 He died of this love-sickness ; and on the place 

 where he died sprung up the flower which hears his 

 name. The story of Narcissus, narrated by Ovid, 

 is of comparatively late origin. 



\arrisMls. a genus of plants of the natural 

 order Aniaryllideae, having a perianth of six equal 

 petal-like segments, and a bell-shaped corona of 

 various magnitude. The species are natives of 

 the south of Europe, the north of Africa, and 



the temperate parts of Asia. The Common Daffo- 

 dil is the only one which can be regarded as 

 truly a native of Britain. 

 Many are cultivated in 

 gardens for the sake of 

 their beautiful and often 

 fragrant flowers, which 

 in general appear early 

 in the season. Some of 

 them are known by the 

 names of Daffodil (q.v.) 

 and Jonquil (q.v.). The 

 name narcissus is popu- 

 larly restricted to those 

 which have flat (not rush- 

 like) leaves, and a short 

 (not bell-shaped) corona. 

 Of these one of the best 

 known is the Poet's Nar- 

 cissus (N. Poeticits), 



with generally one- 

 flowered scape, the flower 



Narcissus Poeticug. 



white and fragrant, the 

 corona with a deeply- 

 coloured border ; others 

 with one or two flowers 

 on the scape are in 

 common cultivation. 

 The Polyanthus Nar- 

 cissus ( N. Tazetta ) has a 

 numl>er of flowers on the 

 scape. It grows wild in stony places near the 

 Mediterranean and eastwards to China. Many 

 varieties of it are in cultivation. It is grown not 

 only in gardens and greenhouses, but in water- 

 jlasses, like the hyacinth. It is very common in 

 rardens in India, where it is highly esteemed as a 

 lower. The narcissi in general "are propagated 

 iither by seed or by offset bulbs. They succeed 

 jest in a rich light soil. 



Narcotics (Gr. narki, 'stupor') are remedies 

 vhich produce stupor if the dose be increased 

 jeyond a certain point. Opium is the most 

 mportant member of the group, and the type from 

 vhich most descriptions of the action of this class 

 f medicines have been drawn ; but it includes 

 "ubstanees of very various properties. Some, as 

 alcohol, produce intoxication in lesser doses ; some, 

 as belladonna, delirium ; most have a primary 

 timulating effect : in fact, almost every one 

 iresents some peculiarity in the way in which it 

 .ffecte the system, and no satisfactory general 

 lescription of their minor effects is possible. Their 

 lower of inducing sleep has procured for them the 

 lames of Hypnotics and Soporifics ; while many of 

 .hem are termed Anodynes, from their possessing 

 he property of alleviating pain. Next to opium, 

 ienliane, Indian Hemp, and Chloral may be 

 egarded as the most important narcotics. Numer- 

 us artificially-produced organic compounds have 

 een introduced during the last few years, some of 

 which (e.g. paraldehyde, sulphonal as hypnotics; 

 ntipyrin, exalgin an aniline derivative as ano- 

 ynes) will probably take a permanent place 

 niong useful remedies. 



Narcotics are usually administered either with 

 he view of inducing sleep or of alleviating pain or 

 pasm. As, however, their action is much modified 

 y a variety of circumstances such as age, idiosyn- 

 rasy, and prolonged use they should be adminis- 

 ered with extreme caution, and, as a general rule, 

 nly under competent advice. The various quack 

 medicines for children which are known as Carmina- 

 ives, Soothing Syrups, &c. almost always contain 

 ome form of opium, and are a fertile cause of the 

 ?reat mortality that occurs in early life, especi- 

 lly among the poorer classes. All the narcotics 

 vhen taken in excess are poisonous (see POISONS). 



