410 



NAVAL RESERVE 



NAYAIIKK 



far as practicable to suit the sailor's convenience : 

 he may break tin- twenty-eight days into shorter 

 periods, none being less than seven days. Penalties 

 are enforced if men fail to attend ; and failure 

 after uro|>er notice to come up for actual service 

 is held equivalent to desertion. While training or 

 on duty the men are liable to all the punish- 

 ment*, 'as they are entitled to all the rights and 

 piivilege-i, of regular seamen. The men con- 

 sidered most desirable are ( 1 ) those having fixed 

 residences, and personally known to the registrar 

 or lii- deputies; and (2) men having regular 

 employment in the coasting trade, or in vessels 

 the business of which brings them back to the 

 same |HirU at frequent and Known intervals. In 

 1861 the system of the Reserve was extended 

 to officers of the merchant-service, certificated 

 masters and mates being respectively granted rum 

 missions in the Naval Reserve as lieutenant* and 

 sub-lieutenants. The holders are required to train 

 for twenty-eight days annually on board Her 

 Majesty's ships, and are liable to be called out for 

 actual sen-ice when required. The nnml>er of 

 these officers allowed by regulation is 130 lieuten- 

 ante ami 270 suh-lietitenante. 



The Hoyal Naval Reserve now contains four 

 classes of men. ( 1 ) The first class comprises men 

 under thirty years of age, who must prove at least 

 six years' sea-service within ten years, and of these 

 six years' service two at least as able seamen in 

 foreign-going or coasting vessels, and must declare 

 that it is their intention to follow the sea-sen irr 

 for a period of at least five years. Six months' 

 service as skipper or second* hand in first-class 

 fishing-vessels in the English Channel and North 

 Sea may be accepted in lien of two years' service 

 as able seamen. Men discharged from the navy 

 as able seamen with good characters may lie 

 enrolled in the first class up to thirty-five years 

 of age, also men who have previously served in the 

 Royal Naval Reserve. (2) The second class con- 

 tains men with the proper qualifications l>etween 

 nineteen and thirty years of age, who have been 

 at sea on foreign -going, coasting, or fishing vessels 

 for three years, of which at least six months must 

 have been with the grade of ordinary seaman ; and 

 they must sign a declaration that it is their inten- 

 tion to follow the sea for a period of at least five 

 years. Apprentices who have completed their inden- 

 tures for a term of not less than three years may 

 be enrolled in this class without further proof of 

 service. (3) The third class comprises boys, not 

 tinder fifteen nor above sixteen and a half years of 

 age, who have been eighteen months under train- 

 ing in a mercantile training-ship, or have l>ecn 

 educated at Greenwich Hospital, are under engage- 

 ment to join a merchant-snip, are physically and 

 mentally qualified, and can show proficiency in 

 navigation and gunner}' and seamanship ; they must 

 produce certificates of good character from the 

 captain or superintendent. In the case of the 

 Marine Society's ship Wartpite, boys will be 

 received with nine months' training. They may 

 be promoted to the second class at the age of nine- 

 teen after six months' service at sea ; and in due 

 time to the first class. ( 4 ) The fourth class consists 

 of firemen. A candidate must be over twenty and 

 under thirty-five years of age; he must produce 

 certificates of good character, conduct, and ability 

 as fireman from his last employer, for not lea* 

 than six months in foreign-going or regular coast- 

 ing vessels within the twelve months previous to 

 his application. Every enrolment is for five years ; 

 and when a man is promoted to a higher class he 

 must re-enrol. The annual training may be accom- 

 plished either on board a ship of war or at a Naval 

 Reserve battery. In 1880 the total number of 

 reserve men drilled was 18,869, of which number 



8294 were receiving an extra penny a day as trained 

 men. The otlireis of all ranks pn>\ ided for in 

 1895 numlN'ied 1400 and the men 23,700, the cost 

 amounting to 213,000. 



Besides the Royal Naval Reserve, there are other 

 Naval Reserve foiee- :it command of the Admiralty. 

 The most important is the ( 'nastguard (q.v.). The 

 corpsof Royal Naval Artillery Volunteers has cea-ed 

 to exist : l.ui there >> still a forcedniwn fnini amongst 

 the seamen pensioners (see PiAsmss). Petty 

 officers and seamen of the navy, on l>eing pen- 

 sioned for length of service, may, if under forty- 

 live years of age, lie enrolled in the Seaman Pen- 

 sioner Reserve. They must serve fourteen da\- 

 annually, and on reaching fifty years of age get 

 the Greenwich Hospital age pension and are 

 exempt from further drill. 



Naval Tactics. See TACTICS (NAVAL). 



\avail. a market-town in County Mcath, situ- 

 ated at the junction of the Boy lie and lilackwatcr, 

 16 miles \\ . of Drogheda by rail. Pop. 3873, 

 almost all Catholics. 



\avarlno (also AYooMfro, and officially Pylot), 

 on a ly on the south-west coast of the MOftft in 

 Greece, contains only 2000 inhabitants, but has an 

 excellent deep harliour, the best in Greece. The 

 ancient Pylos, the city of Nestor, stood near. The 

 Hay of Navarino was the scene of a great sea-fight 

 between the Athenians under ('Icon and the 

 Spartans (425 B.C.), in which the latter were 

 defeated; and on the 20th October 1H27 it saw 

 the annihilation of the Turkish and Egyptian 

 navies bv the combined liritish, French, and 

 Knssiaii fleets under Sir Edward Coidrington. 



Nnvnrrc (Basque .Y/m, imlia, 'a mountain 

 plain,' and cm, 'country ; ' there is alco a Basque 

 word \ttliarru, 'variegated'), formerly one of the 

 kingdoniH which arrwe in the Pyrenees after the 

 downfall of the Goths, has since 1512 been divided 

 into Spanish Navaria, and French or Basse- 

 Navarre (now Basses Pyrenees). Spanish Navarra, 

 by far the greater, is bounded N. by France, E. by 

 Aragon, S. partly bv the Eliro, partly by Castile 

 and Aragon, ami W. by A lava and Guipuzcoa. The 

 area is somewhat over 6000 sq. in. ; pop. 304,122, 

 or 50 to the square mile. It is one of the most 

 varied provinces of Spain in surface and climate ; 

 within eight of the Atlantic at its north-west 

 comer, the rainfall is there one of the heaviest in 

 Europe, while in the south-east the steppes of the 

 Bardenas Reales are almost sterile for want of 

 water, and at Tudela we encounter Moorish modes 

 of irrigation, supplemented by the canal of Charles 

 V. The mountains of the northern frontier range, 

 west to east, from 3000 to 8000 feet of altitude ; in 

 the interior they reach occasionally 5000. With 

 the exception of the Bidassoa, which enters the 

 Atlantic at the inner angle of the Hay of Biscay, 

 the numerous other streams flow at ri}.'ht an 

 to the Pyrenees, and are all aHluents of the Ebro ; 

 the principal are the Aragon, Arga, and I 

 The mountain-valleys are narrow but fertile. l!y 

 the eneigx of the Basques, who do not live like 

 the Spaniards only in towns and villages, cultiva- 

 tion is carried on almost e\ery where. The chief 

 productions are maize, wheat," chestnuts, apples, 

 and a strong red wine. Cattle abound, hut not 

 many sheep or horses. Minerals are found in the 

 Pyrenees, and mines of argentiferous lead, copper, 

 and iron are worked : rock salt also is found in 

 the province. The wild animals include the bear, 

 wolf, roe-deer, izard (il>ex) in the mountains of 

 the Aragoneee frontier; foxes, wild cat, genette, 

 otter, marten, &c. are in sufficient numoers to 

 make commerce of their skins. The population of 

 Navarre is generally bilingual ; from a little to 

 the south of Pamplona north wards Basque prevails; 



