NAZABENES 



NEANDER 



423 



Minor. It is 20 miles in length, and has a pop. of 

 14,880. The shores are steep, and the island is 

 traversed by a ridge of mountains, which rise in 

 the highest summit, Dia, to 3289 feet. The 

 vine of Naxos was famous in ancient as it is 

 in modern times, and on this account the island 

 was celebrated in the legends of Dionysus, and 

 especially in those relating to Ariadne (q.v.). It 

 was ravaged by the Persians, 490 B.C., and after 

 the conquest of Constantinople by the Latins 

 became the seat of a dukedom founded by the 

 Venetians. It was Turkish from 1566 till Greece 

 became a kingdom. Naxos, the capital ( pop. 2000 ), 

 is the seat of a Greek bishop and a Latin arch- 

 bishop. See Tozer's Islands of the JEgean ( 1890). 



Nazarenes. See EBIONITES. 



Nazareth, the home of Jesus, anciently in the 

 district of Galilee, 21 miles SE. of Acre, is still a 

 small but flourishing town of Palestine. It lies in 

 a hilly tract of country, and is built partly on the 

 sides of some rocky ridges. In the earliest ages of 

 Christianity Nazareth ( which is not mentioned in 

 the Old Testament) was quite overlooked by the 

 church; the first Christian pilgrimage to it took 

 place in the 6th century. The principal building 

 is the Latin convent, on the supposed scene of the 

 Annunciation ; but the Greeks have also erected 

 on another spot a church in commemoration. The 

 traveller is also shown a Latin chapel, affirmed to 

 be built over the ' workshop of Joseph ;' the chapel 

 of ' the Table of Christ ' ( Mensa Christi), a vaulted 

 chamber, containing the veritable table at which 

 our Lord and his disciples ate ; and the synagogue 

 out of which he was thrust by his townsmen. 

 The Virgm'a Well is just outside the town. The 

 women of the village have long been famous for 

 their beauty. Major Conder says they are more 

 Italian than Arab in feature owing possibly to 

 admixture of European blooil. Pop. (1891) 7600 

 <2870 Greek Catholics, 1310 Komaii Catholics, 950 

 \ 'nited Greeks, 1825 Mohammedans). There is here 

 a Protestant mission and orphanage. 



Nazarites (properly Naziritei, from Heb. 

 nazar, ' to separate ), men or women among the 

 Jews who hatf consecrated themselves to Goa by 

 certain acts of abstinence, as refraining from using 

 wine, from shaving their heads, as well as from 

 the defilement of contact with the dead. The 

 law in regard to them is laid down in the Book of 

 Numbers ( vi. 1-21 ). The usual term of the vow was 

 thirty days, but examples of vows for life were the 

 cases of Samson, Samuel, and John the Baptist. 



Nazianzen. See GREOORY. 



Neagh, LOUOH. the largest lake of the British 

 Islands, is situated in the province of Ulster, Ire- 

 land, and is surrounded by the counties of Armagh, 

 Tyrone, Londonderry, Antrim, and Down. It is 

 16 miles in length and 10 miles in average breadth, 

 contains 98,255 acres, is 102 feet in greatest depth, 

 and is 48 feet alwve sea-level. It receives the 

 waters of numerous streams, of which the principal 

 are the Upper Bann, the Blackwater, and the 



< 'allan ; and it* surplus waters are carried off north- 

 ward to the North Channel by the Lower Bann. 



< 'ornmunication by means of canals subsists between 

 the Lough and Belfast, Newry, and the Tyrone 

 coalfield. The southern shores" of the Lough are 

 low and marsliy, and dreary in appearance. It is 

 well stocked with fish lake trout, char, and pullen. 



al. DANIEL, author of the History of the 

 Puritans, was bom in London, December 14, 1678. 

 He was educated first at Merchant Taylors' School, 

 and afterwards at Utrecht and Leyden, and in 1706 

 became minister of an Independent congregation in 

 Aldersgate Street, London. His first work was a 

 History of New England ( 1720), which met with a 



very favourable reception in America. But his 

 reputation rests on his laborious and accurate His- 

 tory of the Puritans (4 vols. 1732-38 ; new ed., with 

 Life by Joseph Toulmin, Bath, 1793). Neal died 

 at Bath, Apnl 4, 1743. 



nl. JOHN, American author, was born at 

 Falmouth ( now Portland, Maine ), August 25, 1793. 

 In his youth he was a Quaker, and he began the 

 world at twelve as a shop-boy. In 1816 he failed 

 in business, and turned to the study of law, sup- 

 porting himself the while by his pen. He was 

 one of the first Americans to write in the greater 

 English magazines, and from 1823 till 1827 he lived 

 in England, part of the time as one of Bentham's 

 students and secretaries. After his return to 

 America he settled in his native town, practised 

 law, edited newspapers, lectured, and found relaxa- 

 tion in practising and teaching boxing, fencing, and 

 gymnastics. He died 21st June 1876. Among his 

 numerous works are a series of novels, Bentham's 

 Morals and Legislation, and Wandering Recollec- 

 tions of a Somewhat Busy Life ( 1869). 



Neale, JOHN MASON, hymnologist, born in 

 London, .human,- 24, 1818, was educated at Trinity 

 College, Cambridge, became incumbent of Crawley, 

 Sussex, in 1842, and in May 1846 warden of Sack- 

 ville College, East Grinstead, where he died, 

 A ii gust 6, 1866. He belonged to the most advanced 

 section of the High Church party, and was long 

 one of the most misunderstood and unpopular men 

 in England. He was inhibited by his bishop for 

 fourteen years, and burned in effigy in 1857, while 

 throughout life his means were of the smallest. 

 He founded in 1864 the well-known sisterhood of 

 St Margaret. His most important work is his 

 History of the Holy Eastern Church (4 vols. 1847- 

 51); others were Alediteval Preachers (1857), His- 

 tory of the so-called ' Jansenist ' Church of Holland 

 ( 1858), a preposterous adaptation of The Pilgrims' 

 Progress (1853), and a long series of stories for the 

 young, intended to popularise church history, but 

 the value of which is almost exclusively other than 

 historical. But his greatest work was his invalu- 

 able contribution to nymnology, both original and 

 translated. His Hymns for the Sick and Hymns 

 for Children were followed by his more important 

 volumes of translations : Medueval Hymns and 

 Sequences ( 1851 ), the Rhythm of Bernard of Mor- 

 latx ( 1858), and his Hymns of the Eastern Church 

 ( 1863). Many of his translations are cherished by 

 all English-speaking Christendom, as the beautiful 

 hymns, ' O love how deep, how broad,' ' The day is 

 past and over ; ' and the exquisite series adapted 

 from his translation of Bernard of Morlaix's poem, 

 'The world is very evil,' ' Brief life is here our por- 

 tion,' ' For thee, O dear, dear country,' and 'Jeru- 

 salem the golden.' There is no modern author to 

 whom hymnology owes a greater debt than to this 

 one inspired writer whose own conscious ecclesi- 

 astical sympathies were yet so narrow. A selection 

 from his writings appeared in 1884. See HYMN. 



Neander. JOHANN AUGUST WILHELM, the 

 greatest of church historians, was born at Gottin- 

 gen, 17th January 1789, of Jewish parentage. His 

 name prior to baptism was David Mendel, and by 

 the mother's side he was related to the philosopher 

 Mendelssohn. He received his early education at 

 the Johanneum in Hamburg, and had for com- 

 panions Varnhagen von Ense and Chamisso the 

 poet. Even while he was a lx>y, Plato and Plutarch 

 were his favourite books, and he was profoundly 

 stirred by Schleiermacher's famous Reden iiber die 

 Religion (1799). Finally in 1806 he publicly 

 renounced Judaism, and was baptised, adopting 

 the name of Neander ( ' new man ' ), and taking his 

 Christian names from several of his friends. Hia 

 sisters and brothers, and later his mother also. 



