444 



NESLE 



NKSToKirs 



iiii|>eriWtlv understood It supplies fibres to the 

 muscles at bloix! vessel- t<> regulate their calibre; 

 hence these fibres are called nixii-nmtnr. The VMO- 

 iiiutor centre is situated, not in tin- sympathetic 

 system, lint in the meilnllii ohloiigata. ' The path 

 for the fibres pane* down the spinal curd, which it 

 leave* hy tin- anterior roots at various levels to pass 

 along tin- white communicating branched into the 

 -\ mpathetic ganglia. Knun these ganglia the vaso- 

 inotor nerves for tin- internal organs JMUW into the 

 various plexuses just ducrilted, while those for the 

 vessels of the limits and trunk return to the spinal 

 nerve by the gray communicating nerve. Further, 

 i In- muscular movements and secretion* of all the 

 internal organs are regulated through the sym- 



|i:tllietic system. 



Of the 'nature of nerve energy we know little. 

 The nervous impulse travels along a nerve in 

 man at a rate of about 34 yards per second, 

 Mini it is accompanied by certain electrical changes 

 in the nerve, nut nerve energy is not identical 

 with electrical energy. It is probably accom- 

 panied by molecular changes in the structure of 

 the nerve as yet inaccessible to our means of 

 investigation. In like manner the origination or 

 discharge of nerve impulse in a cell is probably 

 induced by similar but more active changes in its 

 stilistance. 



See Qnain'B Anatnmy, Porter's Pkytiologn, Landois 

 and Stirlinif's Pkynology, and OberateinrrV Anatomy of 

 Ike Central Nenmu Syttem (translated by Hill). 



Neate, TOUR DE. The ancient castle of the 

 noble family Xesle stood, with its gate and tower, 

 at mi angle of the city wall of Paris, on the south 

 1 1. ink of the Seine, where now stands the palace of 

 t In- Institute. It came into the hands of the crown, 

 was the scene of events recorded by Brantome, and 

 was bought by Cardinal Mazarin as the site for his 

 college. 



Xess, LIITH, a long, narrow lake of Inverness- 

 shire, the second largest in Scotland, 64 miles SW. 

 of Inverness. Lying 50 feet above sea-level, it 

 extends 22 J miles north-north-eastward, and has 

 an average breadth of 1 mile, with an area of 19 

 q. m. It receives the Morriston, Oich, Foyers 

 (q.v.), and other streams, and sends off the nver 

 Ness to the Moray Firth. It lies in the valley of 

 Glenmore, on the line of the Caledonian Canal 

 (q.v.), and is enclosed by steep mountains the 

 highest, Mealfourvonie (2284 feet). Owing to its 

 great depth (in places 780 feet) it never freezes to 

 any considerable extent. See FORT AUGUSTUS. 



Xesselrode. Kuti. KOIIGRT, CKCNT, Russian 

 diplomatist, was horn on thel4th December 1780, at 

 Lisbon, where his father, a descendant of an ancient 

 noble family on the lower Rhine, WON then Russian 

 BhMHdlK He gained in a high degree the 

 -teem and confidence of the Emperor Alexander, 

 ami in IKII he accompanied the Russian emperor 

 to France, where he took a principal part in aft the 

 liaiions which t-ndi-d in the peace of Paris; 

 and he wa one of the most prominent of the pleni- 

 potentiaries in the Congress of Vienna, and one of 

 the most active diplomatists of the Holy Alliance. 

 The Emperor Nicholas reposed in him the same con- 

 fidence, ami amidst the Eurogwan convulsions of 

 IS.IH a n> I Ism Knssia. iimler his guidance, refrained 

 from interference, till an opportunity occurred of 

 'IcjJing a deadly blow to the revolutionary cause 

 in Hungary. Iteing one of the chiefs 'of the 

 moderate party in Russia, Nessel rode exerted him- 

 self to preserve peace with the Western Powers ; 

 and after the war had broken out in 1864 he un 

 donhtedly strove for the re establishment of tieace. 

 After the accession of Alexander II. he retired from 

 the direction of foreign affairs, and was succeeded 

 by I'rince Alexander tJortHchakoff, but retained the 



dignity of chancellor of the empire. He died '.'.'id 

 March 1862, and his autobiography appeared at 

 licrlin in 1866. 



Nessus. See HERCULES. 



>r>lor, according to ancient Greek legend, 

 tin- MIII of Neleus and Clitoris, born in the Mewenian 

 Pylo, escaped destruction when Hercules slew all 

 bis brothers. He married Kmydice, bv whom he 

 became Uie father of a nunien'.iis family. In his 

 youth he was distinguished for valour in 'wars with 

 the Arcadians, Eleians, and the Centaurs, and in 

 his advanced age for wisdom. Although he was an 

 old man when the expedition against Troy was 

 undertaken, he joined it with his I'yliaiis iii sixty 

 ships. Homer makes him the great counsellor of 

 the Greek chiefs, and extols his eloquence as 

 superior even to that of Ulysses. Nestor returned 

 in safety to his own dominions after the fall of 

 Troy, and continued for long to rule over the people 

 of l'\ las. For the birds called Nestor, see KEA. 



Xl'StoHllS, a native of Germanicia. a city of 

 northern Syria, in the patriarchate of Antioch.'was 

 probably a disciple of the celebrated Theodore of 

 Nlopsucstia, Having received priest's orders at 

 Antioch, he became so eminent for his />al, ascetic 

 life, and eloquence in preaching that he was 

 selected by the emperor as patriarch of Constant- 

 inople (April 428). Soon after his consecration a 

 controversy arose as to the divine and human 

 natures of our Lord, in which Nestorius took a 

 leading part. The presbyter Anastocius, having 

 in a sermon denied that tfie Virgin Mary could l>e 

 truly called the Mother of God (8iort>K<n), it lieing 

 not God the Logos but only the human nature 

 which had a mother and suffered pain and 

 death, Nestorius warmly defended Anastasiu^, 

 and elaborated his view into the theory which 

 bos since been known by his name. He held that 

 Mary was the Mother of Christ ( xpurroroum ), or the 

 Receiver or Conceiver of God (0(ooox<n), and that, 

 while the divinity of the Logos is t<> ! distinguished 

 from the temple of bis flesh, yet there renmim-il 

 but one person in the God-man, liy his antagonists 

 he was accused of exaggerating the distinction <il 

 two natures into a co-existence of two persons 

 (irpoouirwt i><xm) the human person of Chnst and 

 the Divine Person of the Word. A vigorous con- 

 troversy ensued, which extended from Constantin- 

 ople to the other patriarchates, and drew from 

 Cyril of Alexandria a formal condemnation of the 

 doctrine of Nestorius in twelve anathemas, and a 

 similar condemnation, accompanied by a threat of 

 deposition and excommunication, from Celestine, 

 P.ishop of Kome, unless he would withdraw the 

 obnoxious doctrine. Netorius remaining firm in 

 his opinions, a general council was convened at 

 Ephesus in 431, at which Cyril took the most active 

 ami prominent part, and in which. notwithstanding 

 the absence of John the Patriarch of Antioeh and 

 his bishops, Nestorius was condemned and deposed 

 Considerable op|Kisition W.'LH ollcrcd to this judg- 

 ment for a time, but ultimately the emperor was 

 led to side with Cyril, and Nestorius wa.s confined 

 in a monastery near Constantinople, whence, an. i 

 four years, he was banished to IVtra in Arabia. 

 He next found shelter in the (Ireater Oasis in 

 Upper Egypt, and, after several changes of his 

 place of conlincmciit, died in exile, time and place 

 alike unknown. 



See Walch's Hitt. d. Ketitreirn ; Dom.-r's History of 

 thr Doftrint of the Ptrton of Chrut; and tlie church his- 

 tories of ( JioH-lcr and Xeindcr. 



The sect of the NKSTORIANS, formed in the 5th 



century, was, after ito exclusion from the Roman 



empire, extended into Persia, India, and even China. 



The teachers who were driven out of Edessa set I led 



i-ibis, which soon liecanic an active, centre 



