148 



NEl'ILLY 



NEURAI.c.IA 



numerous sin-am* which water the i-;iiit<ui flow 

 into the Ithine : several are feeders of the Lake 

 of NVuchatel, which, lying 1420 feet al>ove sen- 

 levcl. niiil 472 feet deep, is i'. miles ION;; hy from 

 :t to t> wide. The Thiele serves an it* outlet, and 



carries its waters into tin ighliouring lake of 



liieiuie, ami t In-nee into tlie river Aar. I 'on. of the 

 canton (1870) 97/284; (ias8) 108.I.V1. oi whom 

 three fourths s|>eak French, and four fifths aie 

 1'iotestant*. Asphalt mnl ahsinthe are exported : 

 giMMl wine anil lace are made ; Init the s|M-ciality of 

 the canton is watch making, which occupies from 

 18,000 to 20,000 persons, and is prOMeatad mainly 

 in the homes of the work-people. The history 

 of Neuchalel was identical with that of Burgundy 

 till the llth century; and after the principality 

 liad Ix-en for a time tMOCporftted with the terri- 

 tories of the Counts of Chalons, to whom it had 

 lieen grante.l ill I'-'HS hv Kuilolph of Hapshnrg, it 

 passed to the House of Longiieville. In 1707, on 

 the extinction of the Neiiehatel branch of the latter 

 family, some lifteen claimants came forward to 

 advance more or less valid pretensions to the 

 Nenchatel territory. Frederick I. of Prussia, who 

 bated his claim to "the principality of Neiichfttel on 

 the ground of his descent from the first Prince of 

 Orange, a descendant of the House of Chalons, was 

 the successful candidate ; and from his time it 

 continued associated with Prussia till 1806, when 

 Napoleon liesiowed it upon General Berliner ; hut 

 in Is] l it was restored to the House of Branden- 

 burg. A republican constitution was adopted in 

 1848, in spite of Prussian protest ; and there was 

 civil war in 1856. The connection with Prussia 

 was wholly dissolved in 1857, and Neuchfttel is 

 now a member of the Swiss Confederation. See 



S\\ I T/Klll.AM). 



NKTCIIATKL, chief town of the canton, occupies 

 a magnificent site on the north-west shore of the 

 Lake of Neuchfttel, 85 miles by rail NNE. of 

 i M-m-va. It is noted for its many charitable, 

 educational, and artistic institutions, and has a 

 chAtean (restored 1866), a college (1828), a statue 

 of Farel (1875), &c. There are manufactures of 

 watches, jewellery, &c. Pop. (1870) 13,321 ; ( 1888) 

 Hi. 504. The famous NenfcliAtel cream -cheeses are 

 made, not here, but at Neufchatcl-eii-Bray, a small 

 Norman town. -'."> miles SE. of Dieppe l>y rail. 



\<'iiill>. or NEITILI.V-.SCII SKINK, a town in 

 the French department of Seine, immediately to 

 the north of the Itois de Boulogne, and practically 

 a suburb of Paris. Here, near the Seine, and in 

 a large and beautiful park, formerly stood the 

 Chateau de Neuilly, built by Louis XV., and the 

 favourite residence of Louis-Philippe, which was 

 burned at the revolution in IMS. When Louis- 

 Philippe took refuge in England he assumed the 

 title of Count de Neuilly. Pop. (1891) 27,351. 



Nrliiiiiiii'.lcr. a prosperous manufacturing 

 town of llolstein. on the Schwale, a head-water of 

 the Stor, 20 miles by rail S. by W. of Kiel. It has 

 large cloth-mills. d\c works, breweries, itc. Pop. 

 (1875) 10,124; (1885) I3.05H ; (1H1K) 17,539. 



N< ii-PoiniiK rn. See NKW BRITAIN. 



Neuralgia '! /</. 'nerve;' nlyns, 'pain') 

 in a term employed to designate pain of a purely 

 nervotiH chanicter, usually iinaccompanii'd by 

 inflammation, fever, or any appreciable change of 

 structure in the affected part. The iiain, which 

 occurs in paroxysms, usually followed liy complete 

 remission-, is of every (Hissible degree and char- 

 acter, iM-ing descrilied in different cases as pii-rcing, 

 tearing, burning, &c. These panixysms may occur 

 at interval* of a few seconds only, or they may take 

 place daily or on alternate days, or they mav l- 

 separated by much longer intervals, which arc often, 

 bat by no means always, of a regular length. The 



pain is usually felt not only at the place where the 

 nerves teiminate, but along their coin.-e. It is 

 usually confined to one side of the body, and is very 

 rarely, if ever, quite symmetrical. In prolonged 

 cases 'tender |N>iiit*' are developed along the 

 course of tin- affected ner\es. After the pain has 

 suicided the painful pails are usually lender to the 

 touch. Very frequently the sensibility oi the skin 

 supplied by the allected nenc i- somewhat dimin 

 ished. With the pain there i- tiequenlly spasmodic 

 twitching of the adjacent muscles. The duration 

 of the disease is very uncertain. The patient limy 

 have only a single attack, or he may l>c liable to 

 recurring attacks for months, years, or even for bis 

 whole life ; it is. however, very seldom that the tlis- 

 ease occurs but once. Death scarcely ever results 

 directly from this affection, but the pain may. by 

 it severity and persistence, gradually undermine 

 the constitution. 



The disease may attack any part of the body 

 where there are nerves ; but in impart does it occur 

 so frequently as in the face, its seat lieing in the 

 facial branches of the fifth pair of ncm-s itbe tri 

 facial nerves; see NKHVOI s SYSTKM). The most 

 severe form of facial neuralgia, happily rare, is 

 known as tic ilntilourrur. 'The absolute sudden- 

 ne with which the pain comes ,,i i- one of its 

 most remarkable characters. The patient is per- 

 haps sitting quietly reading, when he jumps up 

 from his seat, and rushes up and down the room 

 with his hand forcibly pressed against his cheek. 

 Or he may rock himself liackwards and forwaids in 

 his chair, crying out or uttering deep groans. In ten 

 or twenty seconds, or a minute at the longest, the 

 paroxysm is over. It ceases as abrupt ly as it be^an. ' 

 'The paroxysms may return every few minutes.' 

 'Sometimes remissions occur, the patient remain- 

 ing free from the disease for several days together. 

 or even for months. But presently it returns, and 

 is as severe as ever.' ' A patient who sutlers under 

 tic douloureux acquires an expression of intense 

 distress and suffering : his countenance is woin 

 and wrinkled, and looks like that of a much older 

 person ' ( Fagge. /'rm-tin nf Mi i/inm i. 



'The paroxysms of suffering in this frightful 

 disease are apt to In- brought on by apparently 

 trivial causes by a slight touch, by a current of 

 air blowing upon the face, by a sudden jar or shake 

 of the iM'd on which the patient is lying, by a knock 

 at the door, or even by directing the patient's 

 attention to his malady, by speaking of it or ask- 

 ing him questions about it. Tin 1 necessary move- 

 ments of the face in s|>eaking or eating are often 

 sullicient to provoke or renew the paroxysm. At 

 the same time, firm pressure made upon the painful 

 part frequently gives relief, and causes a sense of 

 numbness to take the place of the previous agoiix ' 

 (Sir .1. Watson |. 



Facial neuralgia of a less severe type than tic 

 douloureux is very much more common, in fact it is 

 hy far the most frequent form of the disease : the 

 leason probably la-iii", that the trifacial nerve, lying 

 superficially, and ln-ing distributed over a part of 

 the surface which is usually unprotected by any 

 artificial covering, is very liable, for that reason, 

 to be affected bx exposure to atmospheric influences, 

 which are undoubtedly to 1 included among the 

 exciting causes of this disease. Amongst oilier 

 seats of neuralgia may be mentioned the arm, 

 especially the forearm, tlie spaces between the ribs, 

 especially liciweeii the sixth and ninth, and the 

 lower extremity, where it most frequently affects the 

 sciatic nerve, giving rise to the affect ion known as 

 Sciatica, which, however, not always being pure 

 neuralgia, will lie noticed in a separate article. 

 The internal organs may also lie the seat of 

 neuralgia e.g. tne heart (some cases of Angina 

 Pcctoris, q.v. ), stomach, or kidney. 



