452 



NEVEUS 



NEWBERN 



which are contiguous and situated on the Com- 

 Block lode, and Canon, the capital. Within the 

 state there are over 900 miles of railway. The 

 state board of education controls tin- public schools; 

 there U a state univerxity at Reno. In 1S1IS there 

 were 8929 Indians (Pah-t'tes, 1'i !"(-. and Slm- 

 honea), living on 14!K> M|. in. of reservations. The 

 chooU on the reservations are well attended. 



Never*, the capital now of the French depart- 

 ment of Nievre, ami formerly of the province of 

 Nivernais, U picturesquely seated on a hillside, 

 600 feet above lea-level, at the inllnx of the Nievre 

 to the Loire, 159 miles by rail SSK. oi Paris. The 

 .yi-iWi/m;m of Cieaar, it has been the seat of a 

 bishop since 506; its beautiful cathedral, restored 

 in 1879, belong* mainly to the 13th century. The 

 stately palau-dt-justicCi dating from 1475, was 

 formerly the castle of the 1 dikes of Nevere ; and 

 there are also a fine public garden, a bridge of 

 fourteen arches over the Loire, a medin-val gate- 

 way, and a triumphal arch (1740) commemorating 

 Foiitenoy. The industries comprise the manufac- 

 ture of cannon, iron cables and chains, porcelain 

 ( introduced by Italians about 1565 ), &c, I'op. ( 1872) 

 AV-'TO ; ( 1886) 23,610 ; ( 1896) 24,750. 



Ni'Viansk, a town of Russia, in the govern- 

 ment of Perm, M miles N. of Ekaterinburg uy rail, 

 stands on tin- Siberian side of the Ural Mountains, 

 ami on a tributary of the Tobol. The district 

 around Neviansk is famous for its mineral wealth, 

 paiticularly gold and iron. I'op. 16,066. 



Neville's Cross. See BRUCE (DAVID). 



Nevis, an island of the West Indies, belonging 

 to Great Britain, forms one of the Leeward Islands, 

 and lien 2 miles SK. of St Christopher, with which 

 it has been since 1882 administratively connected, 

 sending three ( unofficial) niemberg to the common 

 legislative council. It U circular in form, rises in 

 the centre to a wooded ancient crater (3200 feet), 

 and has an area of 50 sq. m. The lower slopes are 

 cultivated, the sugar-cane being the principal crop, 

 though limes and oranges are grown to a small 

 extent. Statistics are given under St Christopher 

 l.j.v.) Fop. (1891) 13,087. The capital is the port 

 of Charlestown (pop. 1500). Nevis was discovered 

 by Columbus in 1498 and colonised by England in 

 1028. As long as the slave-trade lasted it was one 

 of tin' principal marts for slaves in i lie West Indies. 

 The island has suffered much at various times from 

 hurricanes and earthquakes. 



Nevis. BEN. See BEX NEVIS. 



New Albany, capital of Floyd county, Indiana, 

 b on the north bank of the Ohio River, nearly 

 oii|iosite Louisville. By rail it is 317 miles S. by 

 E. of Chicago and 267 miles E. of St Louis. The 

 city is well built, and is the principal manufactur- 

 ing town in the state. It contains iron and brass 

 foundries, rolling mills, potteries and brick yards, 

 Hour, woollen, cotton, and planing mills, \c. : while 

 it" plate-glass works are the largest in the United 

 States. I'op. (I >SSO) 16,423; (llHKi) -.'M.ti'js. 



New Almndcn. See AI.MADKN. 



New Amsterdam. See NEW YOKK. 



Newark, ( I ) a port of entry and the capital of 

 Ewx-x county. New Jersey, is on the Possaic Kivcr, 

 9 miles lv rail \V. of New York. It is a handsome 

 riiv, witn several beautiful little parks and wide 

 street* shaded with lines of elms. It has a city 

 hall, runrt IHHI . public library, and nearly 

 150 churches, lull is mainly noteworthy for its 

 manufactures. There are altogether 400 indus- 

 trial establishments in Newark, producing brass 

 and ir.m work, hardware and machinery, carriages, 

 trunks, saddlery, |MH>|S and shoes, hats, clothing. 

 jewellery, &c. Four railways provide frequent com 

 luuuicatiuD .with New York, which U maintained 



also by river-steamers; the lit f docks is over ix 



mile long. Newark was settled in h.i.r, by a colony 

 from Connecticut, and n-ccived a city charter in 

 1836. Pop. ( 1S7>) lii;,.ci.v.i . i IS90) 181,830 : (1900) 

 J|i;.n7o. rj , Capital of Licking county, Ohio, on 

 the Licking River (heie ri,i--.-,i l,\ four iion 

 bridges), 33 miles by rail E. by N. of Coliiiiibns. 

 St.,ves ami furnaces, boilers, machinery, wagons, 

 Hour, woollens, and glass-ware are among its 

 manufactures. Pop. (1880) 9600 ; ( 1900) Is. i:.7. 



Newark-upon-Trent, a town of Notts, on a 

 navigable branch of the river Trent. Is miles 

 by rail NE. of Nottingham and 120 N. by \V. 

 of London. It is approached from the north by a 

 causeway, 1J mile long, constructed by Smcaton 

 in 1770, and carried over the Hat bland formed 

 by the Trent on the west and the Newark branch 

 on the east. The fine parish church, built mainly 

 between 1350 and 1489, has an octagonal spire 

 223 feet high, and contains a good brass of 13(il. 

 Other edifices are the town-hall (1805), corn 

 exchange (1848), hospital (1881), coll'ee-palace 

 (1882), free library (1882), and grammar-school, 

 founded by Archdeacon Magnus in 1529. Newark 

 has a very important corn-market and great 

 malting industries, liesides iron and brass foun- 

 dries, manufactures of Imilers and agricultural 

 implements, and plaster of Paris works. Im-or- 

 ]>orated by Edward VI., it returned two meiulien 

 to parliament till 1SS.'.. Pop. (1881) 14,018; (1891) 

 14,457. A British town and Roman station, 

 Newark in Saxon times became the seat of a 

 castle, which was rebuilt in 1125 by Alexander, 

 Bishop of Lincoln (hence the name Xcw Work), 

 and which long Iwre the name of the ' key of the 

 north.' King John died in it (1216); anil in the 

 Great Rebellion it stood three sieges, in the second 

 of which it was relieved by Prince Knpi-n i Hill . 

 whilst in the third it was surrendered to the Sroi- 

 by order of Charles L, who had just delivered him- 

 self up (5th May 1646). It was then dismantled, 

 ami is now represented only by a very pictur- 

 esque ruin, round which a public garden is main- 

 tained by the coriKiration. See works by Shilton 

 ( 1820) and Cornelius Brown ( 1879). 



Now Krdford. a <'ity and port of entry of 



Massachusetts, is on the Aciishnet estuary (liere 

 crossed liy a In idgo 4000 feet long). :! miles N. of 

 Buzzard's' Hay and 56 miles by rail S. of Boston. 

 Many of its private resiliences are very handsome, 

 while the public buildings include a city hall of 

 granite, a custom bouse, .to churches, a public 

 library, and a fine high sdn>ol ($126,000). There 

 is a broad drive (4 miles) round Clark's Point, at 

 the extremity of which there is a strong granite 

 fort. For a century (1755-1854) New Bedford was 

 the chief centre of the American whale- lisherics, 

 sending out more than 4(K) whaling-vessels, am) 



i. reiving 60,000 barrels of s|>enn and I _>>.< f 



whale oil in a year ; but this industry has since 

 declined, till now only some Hl( wbaling-veBMll 

 belong to the port, and the people- have turned 

 their attention mainly to manufactures. Besides 

 several great cotton-mills (nearly 500.000 spin. !: 

 the city contains foundries, oil refineries, and manu- 

 factories of drills, cordage, hoots and shoes, Hour, 

 gloss, plated ware, carriages, candles, \-c. Pop. 

 (1880) 26,845; (1890) 40,733 ; ( 190O) B2.442. 



Nrvtbem, a city and jnt of entry, capital 

 of Craven county, North Carolina, is situated at 

 the junction of ttie navigable Ncnso and the Trent 

 (here crossed by a long bridge), 10" miles by rail 

 SI''., of Raleigh'. It exports tar. turpentine, and 

 lumber, and early vegetables for the' North. It 

 manufactures railroad-cars and cotton seed oil, and 

 has also a wood-pulp factory, sawmills, and an 

 o\siei canning establishment. Pop. (liMH))WrtW. 



