4M 



NKW BRUNSWICK 



NEW CALEDONIA 



lift', that nf New Itrunswirk may be pronounced 

 one of the best in the worhl. 



Tl vi'inie is largely iuaIe up of subsidies from 



the Dominion got crnim-nt ami from what is called 

 ' territorial revenue,' including the proceeds nf limil 

 and timlier sales. The educational institutions 

 Mip|w>rted hy law are the Provincial t 'nivei-ity, 

 the training nr normal school for teachers, and a 

 I'omiilete system i<f free coiiiiiion schools. 



The priivinriiil n-venuo in 1SIMMI5 was aliout 

 $750,000 n year, rather inure than covering the 

 expenditure. The im|K>rts have a value of alxmt 

 *7.000,000, nearly half from the I'liiled States. 

 The e\|M.rts rej.ch a somewhat higher value, timber 

 living the chie! item. The fisheries nf the Hay of 

 Kiinily, as also the river fisheries, are very valuable. 



Agriculture is the chief industry in New Bruns- 

 wick. Except in a portion of country adjacent to 

 the coast of the Bay of Kuinly, the soil is very 

 fertile, and every kind of grain and root* produced 

 in England is grown, as well as others. Attention 

 has lieen paid to live-stock both hy the government 

 and private breeders ; and recently the government 

 has established a stuck farm. The province, owing 



In its chea| al and proximity to the markets of 



the world, hits also many advantages as a manu- 

 facturing country. The' principal articles manu- 

 factured are sawn lumber, leather, cotton and 

 woollen goods, wooden-ware, paper, iron-castings, 

 nails, and mill machinery, holts and nuts, railway 

 engines and carriages. There are indications of 

 c.nisiderable mineral wealth, and a lnimlT of 

 mines are l>eing successfully worked. Shipbuild- 

 ing is still extensively prosecuted, although it has 

 \>een much Interfered with by the substitution of 

 iron and steel for wooden vessels. 



L-ind nriy lie obtained ill the province by settlers 

 on reasonable terms in fact, practically free, if the 

 conditions of settlement are carried out, requiring 

 thc> improvement of the land to a small extent, 

 reasonable cultivation, and residence for three 

 years. Land is also put up to auction at an upset 

 price of $1 per acre. Improved farms can lie had 

 in most parts of the province at reasonable prices ; 

 many farmers having moved to Manitoba and the 

 North-west, as they can there start their families 

 with less capital. 



There is plenty of sport of all kinds in the pro- 

 vince, and some" of the finest trout and salmon 

 fishing in the world is to lie had. Close times for 

 animals and birds are strictly observed. 



It is generally held that "New Brunswick, as a 

 part of Nova Scotia, was ceded bv France to Creat 

 Britain by the treaty of Utrecht in 1713. The 

 Ixiundaries of Nova Scotia, however, were not well 

 iletined at that time, and the country along the 

 StJohn Itiver remained a subject of dispute which 

 was not finally settled until the treaty of Paris in 

 ITii.'t conceding and guaranteeing to (Iieat Britain, 

 in full right, Canada with all its dependencies. 

 When in 1755 the memorable expulsion of the 

 Acodians from Nova Scotia took place many of 

 these people retired to what is now known as New 

 Brunswick, and settled along the. upper St .lohn 

 liiver. the Miiamidii, and in the eastern parts of 

 the province. The lirst British settlers in the 

 province emigraU'd from Scotland to the Miramichi 

 di-tri.-t in I7(it : and in 17K3, at the close of the 

 American revolution, when the exodus of the 

 joyaHrti from the United States took place, a large 

 Ixidy settled near the present city of St John and 

 along the St John River. For the map, see 

 CANADA. 



New Itrilllsivirk. capital of Middlesex county, 

 New Jersey, is at the head of navigation on the 

 Hiritan Hiver. 31 miles by rail S\V. of New York, 

 and is the terminus of the Delaware and Karitan 

 Canal. It contains a Unman Catholic cathedral, 



and neatly a wore of other churches, and is the 

 seat of Kutger's College (1771), connect.-d with 

 which is the theological seminary of the Dutch 

 Reformed Church, as well as an observatory and a 

 state agricultural college anil model farm'. New 

 Brunswick is noted for its great india-rubber 

 factories, and has also iron and brass found 

 and manufactories of hosiery, lani|, net-' 

 paperhangings, &c. 1'op. ( HHKI i 'Ji 



.\CWbnrKh. a royal burgh of Fife, near the 

 Firth of Tay, 11 miles KSK. of Perth. It arose in 

 connection ' with the neighlioiiring Benedictine 

 abbey of Lindores (c. IKHi): and in its \icinity 

 also is the famous Cross Macdnll'. I 'op. 2.'t74. 

 Set- A. Laing's Line/ores tnul Ncwburgh (1876). 



\ \vlnirjill. a city of Orange county. New 

 York, is on the west liank of the Hudson ( here 11 

 mile wide), 57 miles bv rail N. of New York, amid 

 tiie grand scenery of the Highlands. Its handsome 

 edilices, villas, and gardens, rising 3(10 feet from 

 the river, command a noble prospect. The city 

 has, besides foundries, boiler-works, shipyaids. 

 and powder-mills, manufactures of woollen and 

 cotton goods and carpets, leather, flour, soap, oil- 

 cloth, brushes, paints, plaster, tiles, &c. La 

 quantities of butter, grain, flour, and coal are 

 shipped here. Ncwhurgh was the scene of the tiis- 

 bamlmcnt of the American army, 23d .lune 17V!; 

 and 'Washington's Headquarters ' is preserved as 



(be property of the state. Pop. (Kimi) _4,!M3. 



Newbury, a thriving market-town of Berk- 

 shire, on the "swift" Kennet, 17 miles \V. by S. of 

 Heading and 55 from London. Its gnvv old clnnch, 

 restored in 1867 at a cost of 15,000, is a line 

 Perpendicular edifice, with a noble tower added in 

 1010 by John \Yinchcomhe or Small woode, othcru ise 

 'Jack of Newbury,' a famous clothier, who sent a 

 hundred of his own men to tight at Floddcn. The 

 large Italian corn exchange was built in 1862, in 

 which year was started a great yearly wool- 

 market ; and still more recent are t lie handsome 

 municipal offices and the new grammar school, 

 though this claims King John for its founder 

 (1216). Newbury -'new' only as distinguished 

 from the old Human station of XJH'IIH' (now Speen) 

 besides has many ancient and wealthy charities. 

 It was incorporated by Klixalx-th in l.V.Mi, and the 

 borough boundarv wasextended in IsTS. Pop. (1S.M) 

 6574; (1881) 10,144 ; (1891) Il,0(r2. Two hard-fought 

 battles took place here in the Cleat Hcliellioii 

 the one l>etwecn Charles and Essex, on '20th Sep- 

 temlier l()4:i ; the other between Charles and 

 Manchester, on 27th October 1644. The advan- 

 tage of the first was, on the whole, on the side of 

 the king, but it cost the lives of Lords Falkland 

 (q.v.), Carnarvon, and Sunderland, to whom a 

 memorial was erected in 1X7X. The second would 

 have IM-CII a decisive royalist defeat but for Man- 

 chester's hesitancy. 



See the ffutory nf ffetrbvrv (1839), a work on the two 

 tattles by W. Money (1881), Mid his history of tin 

 Ancient Town of Ifcu&itry (Oxford, 1887). 



Xcwbliryport, a city and port of entry of 

 Mas-aehnset|s. un the south bank of the Merrimar, 

 .'t miles from its mouth, and 37 miles by rail NE. 

 of Boston. A long, .shady High Street, wilh a pond 



l six acres, is its chief ornament. Shipbuilding 

 i~ carried on, and there are a number of large 

 cotton and shoe factories, besides manufactories 

 of combs, hats, pumps, \-c. Here \Vhitclield, who 



lied in 1770. i, buried. Pop. (I'.KHi) U,47S. 



\'W ralcdltllia. an island of the South 

 Pacific Ocean, belonging to France, and lying 

 midway between the Fiji Islands and the east 

 coast of Queensland. The Loyalty Islands, Isle 

 if Pines, and some other-,, with :: total area of 

 1250 sq. m., are politically dc])cndcnt upon New 



