4C4 



XK\V .ll.K-l V 



M:\VMAN 



ami other lull* are in the red sandstone region. 

 which extends fmm the ninth cast to tin- central 

 part of Ni .l.-ix-y. Tin- Nave-ink highlands. 

 iMiuth of Sandy Hook, reach a height of 2s-.' ..... i. 

 Mim>ort two lighthouses, mid IIP- the only rn 

 Mambh elevation on tin- Atlantic must south nf 

 New Knghiiid. Theeential portion of tin- -talc is 

 centrally level anil fertile; tin- southern part is in 

 Huge measure sandy, covered with pine-wood*, mid 

 marshy near the cow*. The state is abundantly 

 watered; its chief rivers, the Pasaic, Itaritan, 

 Little ami Kreat Kgg HarW. How south-east 

 into hays. ThecoMt7roinSan.lv Hook to Cape 

 May is generally protected by penioavU or island 

 beaches; the only cnn-idcraule exception to this 

 rule being the -tiip of mainland, about 18 miles 

 long, lietwecn Moil-Mouth ami Squall beaches. _ 



In agriculture tin- st.ite occupies a prominent 

 position in pniportion in its area. The farms com- 

 prise tmiiie :),IMH),(M> acres, more than three-fourths 

 under tillage ; the value of farm hinds approaches 

 $200,000,000, and that of farm product* is jiUmt 

 $30,000,000 annually. The chief product* are 

 maize, oats, wheat, rye, hay, potatoes and sweet 

 potatoes, cattle, butter, and milk. The leading 

 mineral producU are iron ore, limestone of various; 

 kinds, zinc, and slate, lilacs, pottery, machinery, 

 leather, silk, and sugar are among the chief 

 manufacture. 



New Jersey returns ten members to congress. 

 The state legislature meet* at the capital, Trenton, 

 in January ; a senator is chosen from each of the 

 twenty one counties (one-third each year) for three 

 years; the a embly has about sixty members, 

 who serve one year. The annual taxes are about 

 $3,000,000, of which full half is devoted to edu- 

 cation. There are ( besides seven county asylums) 

 two large lunatic asylums near Trenton and 

 Morristown, the latter accounted a model ; an 

 institution for the deaf and dumb, an industrial 

 whool for girls, and a large state prison, at or near 

 Tienton ; 11 reform school for ln>ys near .lamesbiirg ; 

 and a home for disabled soldiers at Newark. There 

 are 1400 school districts. In the cities over 100,000 

 pupils are enrolled, and some 240,000 in the rural 

 districts, The state normal school is at Trenton, 

 and its preparatory school at Beverly ; and the 

 state anfcoJtaral and scientific school i> connected 

 with Kutger's College, at New IVrunswick. At 

 1'rinceUm (Q-v.) i- Princeton Ciiiversity. founded 

 in 1746 as The College of New Jersey, the most 

 famous institution in the state. 



.lersey |, :l s two canals, the Morris and the 

 KnriUn. ami' some fifty railroads, with nearly 3000 

 miles of length. The position of the state, IK-- 

 tween the two great eastern cities and liorderiiig 

 u|Mn lioth, has powerfully stimulated travel^ 

 industry, and population. Its south west |H>rtion 

 ba* Philadelphia for a market; its north-east 

 wction, including its two largest towns, is a 

 Mihiirh of New York. Its, -oast from Navesink to 

 S'|tian i ..... icicd with villas, cottages, and hotels. 



C.ipe May and Long Branch for half a century, 



and .Atlantic I ity for twenty yen in or more, have 



'oti-d sea-i. Ashiiry Park. Ocean 



Seabright. &c. are now growing places, 



I in summer. Newark and Jersey City are 



by lar the largest ,-iije, ; next ci ...... I'ate'rson, 



Qamdan, TtWaUM, Robokm, Kli/Jt'N-th, llayonne, 

 Atlantic City. an. I I'.i.-.ii.-. Pop. . IMNII "|'| 14;,. 

 < iv-.o i- , ,-,.-,. , (Minn i..|.|4.!i:w : , 1900)1,888,660. 



.. ,,. 



II, t.,,-il. In HUT the Illltcli settle.1 at lll'lgen, 



lew Yoik. In 1633 Cormliiu May ascen.lc-d 

 I aware and built a fort four miles In-low the 

 site oi ('nmden. Sime Kngli-h colonists in that 

 recimi ueie driven away in IMS hy the Swedes, 

 In ll.Vi by Peter Stuyvcsant. 

 In 1664 the territory was granted by Charles II. to 



the Puke of York, and by him to Lord John 

 Berkeley and Sirdeorge Carleret, with full power 

 of government to them and theii 'assignees. There 

 wa- no trouble with the Indians, \\hose titles \\ere 

 ]ieacefully purchased. The proprietors MOD divideil 

 the territory into Y.:\-\ and West Jersey. In 11174 

 Iterkeley sold \Yest Jersey to two (Quakers, ho 

 -ttle.1 Salem and Burlington : ami in liiN'J a 

 society under Penn bought the Caiteret rights in 

 Host Jersey. In 17(^ the proprieton surremleie.l 

 their power of government to the crown, and the 

 two provinces were reunited ; and from IT.'iS New 

 Jersey had its own royal governors, always at 

 issue with the assembly and the people. New 

 Jersey bore its part in the colonial wars, con- 

 tributed 10,726 men to the Continental aimv. 

 Asides militia, and spent over 5,000,000 in the 

 cause of lilierty. It sull'ered heavily during the 

 revolution, and was the scene of seveial impoitant 

 campaigns and battles. The state sent ncarlv 

 7000 men to the war of 1812, and for the civil 

 war thirty seven regiments of infantry, three of 

 cavalrv, nnd live batteries. See the Hittory nf 



Jersey, by Hanni (1880). 



New Jersey Tea, a common name of Reel 

 Root (q.v.). 



New Jerusalem Clinrcli. See SWEDEN- 



IluKl.. 



\cw Lanark. See LANARK. 



New London, a city and port of entry, the 



semi-capital of New London county, Connecticut, is 

 on the right bank of the river Thames, 3 miles from 

 Long Island Sound, ~>l by rail K. of New Haven, and 

 126 NNE. of New York, with which it lias rail- 

 way and steamboat communication. It has a court - 

 house, a brown-stone city hall, a granite custom- 

 house, a new government public building, hospital, 

 public library, and tour parks. The manufactures in- 

 clude woollens, sewing silk, agricultural machinery, 

 bicycles, printing-presses, hardware, and crackers. 

 The harlmur (30 feet deep) is one of the best in the 

 I n i ted States. On the left bank of the river is a 

 I'nited St-ates navy yard; and there are two forts 

 here, one no longer effective. New London u:is 

 settled in I64o, and in 1781 was burned by Benedict 

 Arnold. Pop. ( 1890) 13,757 ; ( IttOO) 17,548. 

 Newman. JOHN HIM:\. c MMHXAI, (isoi-oo), 



the leader of the Oxford Ttactnrian movement 

 of 1833 in the Church of Kngland, who joined the 

 Homati Catholic Church in ISI.'i, and was made a 

 cardinal by Leo XIII. in 1879. He was born in 

 London on the 21st February 1801. His father 

 was John Newman, a member of the banking linn 

 of Ramsliottom. Newman. \- Co. His mother 

 was the child of an old Huguenot family winch 

 had settled in London as paper-mannfaotor 

 She was a moderate Calvinist, nnd taught her 

 children to love the school of Scott, Koniaine. 

 Newton, and Milner, Her children learned early 

 to take great delight in the Bible, and Newman 

 has always ascribed (he utmost inllncnce over 

 bi~ eaiK religions views to bis Mother's teach- 

 ing. Krom Scott, the commentator on the Bible, 

 he learneil two principles which limy be tfMW 

 in all his subsequent career. The liist wa- to 

 pii/e 'holiness before peace;' the second was thnt 

 'growth' is 'the niiK evidence of life.' Krom bis 

 reading of Law's .S'.vv.m.v ' 'nil he dates his firm 

 inward assent to the doctrine of eternal punish. 

 ment, which he alwa\s held as taught by our 

 Lord himself; a doctrine, however, ol which he 

 often endeavoured to attenuate the mystery not- 

 ably in C,i//, stn (chap, xix ). Milner's I'lmri-h 

 IIi.\li,r;/ first attracted Newman to the writings of 

 the early Fathers. Yet at the same time he 

 derived from Newton's book on the prophccie- a 

 belief which more or lens biased his mind l< 



