470 



NEWPORT 



NEW SOUTH WALES 



year before with the Presbyterian Sent* the town 

 alia gave name ; a girls' endowed school ( 1761 ) ; a 

 di..oes,ui school (I860); and a literary institute ini<l 

 museum. To tin- north-west are a reformatory 

 ( 1838) and barracks ( 1708). A municipal baraagb, 

 Newport returned two members till IstiT, ami tht-ii 

 one till 1*>.Y 1'op. (1881) 9357 : (1891) 10,216. 



Newport, a town of Fife, on the Firth of Tay, 

 1) mile hy water SSK. <>( Dundee. It has a small 

 harliour designed hv Tclfonl LI 822), and municipal 

 buildings ( 1890). Pop. (1881) 2311 ; (1891) 2545. 



Newport, ( 1 Ic.-ij.ital of CampMl county, Ken- 

 tucky, in on tin- <>in. ii|'|iu-iti' Cincinnati, and at 

 the mouth of tin 1 I. irking River, which separate it 

 from Covington ; Ixith livon an OKM0d by bridges, 

 and there is also a steam ferry t<i Cincinnati. The 

 city contains large rolling mill*, a foundry, Imlt- 

 works, tile-works, mid several steam-mills. Pop. 

 (1890)24,918; ( 1900) 28,301. (2) A port of entry 

 and one of the capitals DC Khode Island, on the west 

 shore nf tin- iV.iWof Hhode Island, in Narragan>eit 

 Uav. 5 miles from the ocean, and 69 miles by rail S. 

 hy W. of Huston. It has a deep, excellent hartioiir, 

 defende<l by Fort Adams ; and there is a United 

 States torpedo station on an island in the liarliour. 

 It contains a hrick state-house, a custom-house, a 

 city hall, the Redwood Library, many palatial villas, 

 and large hotels ; it is noted for fine scenery and 

 ma-hathing, and is one of the most fashionable 

 watering-places in America. In Touro Park stands 

 the 'Round Tower,' or 'Old Stone Mill,' which 

 suggested Longfellow's poem, 'The Skeleton in 

 Armour." The city also contains cotton-mills, a 

 brass-foundry, lead and fish-oil works, &c. It 

 was settled in 1638 hy eighteen adherents of Roger 

 Williams, and was an important commercial town 

 prior to the Revolution, which effected its ruin 

 and transferred its trade to New York. Newport 

 was for a time the residence of Bishop Berkeley. 

 Pop. (1880) 15,693; ( 1900) ',034. 



Newport-Pagnell, a market-town of Buck- 

 iiiL'hanishire. at the influx of the Ousel to the 

 Ouse, 56 miles by rail NN\V. of London. Named 

 from the Parallels, who owned the manor in the 

 days of Hufus, it was taken hy Essex in 1643, and 

 held two years later by Sir Samuel Luke, the pro- 

 totype of Itutler's 'Hudibras.' The fine parish 

 church, restored by Street in 1858, is the principal 

 edifice; lace-making has declined. I'op. of parish, 

 3686. Sec its Hutory by Staiues (1842). 



Mew Red Sandstone, the name formerly 

 given to the great series of red sandstones whirh 

 occur lietween the Carlxmiferous and Jurassic 

 Systems. The sandstones are now divided into 

 two groups, tin- lower of which is assigned to the 

 Pal.iii/oi.- i-i-i- I'KIIMIAX SVSTKM) and the tipper 

 to the Meso/oic System (see TRIASSIC SYSTEM). 

 Tin- term New He<l Sandstone is used as syu- 

 iniyiii'iii- in England with the Trias. 



New Klrer. an artificial cut. running 38 miles 

 fnntliward from Chadswell Springs in Hertfordshire 

 into reservoirs at llornsey and St<ike Newington. 

 It was de-i^ncd for the water-supply of I/ondon, 

 and completed ( 1009-20) at a cost of 500,000 by 

 Sir Hugh Myddelton, goldsmith, who died poor on 

 Mtth December 1631. The seventy-live original 

 share*, fold for 100 apiece, sell now at the rate 

 of from 85,200 to fU4..Mci. 



New Rons, a market town and river-port of 

 I^innter, Ireland, situated on the Harrow, partly 

 in the rminty of Kilkenny, hut chiefly in that of 

 Wrxforrt, 2 miles S. hy W. of Dublin mid K. \l 

 of Waterford. Tin- two portions of tlie. town are 

 connected hv an iron twing- bridge ( I860). Before 

 the union New Ross Old I torn lies 5 miles to 

 the o0t returned two members to parliamunt, 



and down to 1885 one. It \va- foun<le<l by the 

 daughter of Strongliow, ami was formerly fortified. 

 The |Mirt can IK; entered at spring-tides hy .ships 



of 800 tons, and at all ti - In v ,- i-U of 2UO tons ; 



and tin-re isci minication by river and canal with 



Dublin and with Limerick.' I'op. (1851) 7941; 

 (1881)6670; (1891)5*47. 



Newry, a seajM.rt and parliamentary Wough. 

 mainly in County Down, but partly in Armagh, on 

 the Newry River, 38 miles SS\V. of Belfast by rail. 

 A canal connects it with Carlingford Lou^h and 

 with Lough Nengh. The town is handsomely and 

 compactly built, and the port does a large trade 

 with Ijlasgow and Liverpool in cattle and other agri- 

 cultural produce. Flax spinning and weaving, with 

 rope and sail making, tanning, and granite polishing, 

 are the industries. The place dati -.-. from ll.'tl : 

 castle was taken by Edward Itruce in 1318. New ry 

 returns one member to parliament. 1'op. (1851) 

 13,191 ; (1881) 15,590; (1891) 13.IKi.-i. 



w Slioreham. See SHOREHAM. 



New Siberia, a group of uninhabited islands 

 in the Arctic Ocean, lying oil' the coast of Silwria 

 between the mouth of the Lena and the mouth of 

 the Indigirka. The principal are Kotclnoi (the 

 largest), Liakhov, Fadeyell', and New Silieria. 

 The coasts are rocky, and ice bound all the year 

 round. The soil contains immense cjuantitii-- of 

 fos>il ivory, of the mammoth, &C. See Petermaiin's 

 Mittoibutgen (ISSM. 



New South Wales is the oldest colony of 

 Australasia. It formerly included what is now 

 known as Queensland. New South Wales, Victoria, 

 South Australia, Tasmania, and New /ealand, all 

 under the governor at Sydney. The area is now 

 diminished to 310,700 sq. m. or 198,848,000 acres, 

 being live times that of England. It has the 

 Pacific t<> the east, from Point Danger, 28J S. lat, 

 to Cai>e Howe, 374 ! South Australia to the west, 

 along the meridian 141 E. ; Victoria to the south, 

 by the Murray River; and Queensland to the 

 north, from 29 S. lat A series of mountain -chains, 

 from 20 to 100 miles distance to the sea, extend 

 from near Cape York to the Australian south east 

 corner. The southernmost are the Australian 

 Alps, running over into Victoria, culminating in 

 Mount Townseiid, 7350 feet high. NortbwMUlM 

 the Blue Mountains, west of Sydney, with peaks 

 4000 feet, and containing the Jenolan Caves 

 (q.v.). Liverpool Range is more northerly; and 

 the New England hills, north e.-i-t. vise 5000 feet. 

 \\ ith the exception of some isolated mountains, 

 the region to tlie west consists of vast plains, up 

 to the Barrier Ranges near Smith Australia. The 

 mountains give birth to short and rapid streams 

 toward the sea, but long and sluggish ones v. 

 ward. The Hawkcsbury or Nepea.ii, Hunter, 

 Clarence, Shoalhaven. and Maclcay are eastern. 

 The Lachlan, 700 miles long, runs into the 

 Miirrumhidgee, which flows I3.VI miles liefore fall- 

 ing into the Murray. The Murray, after 1100 

 miles on the New South Wales lionler. passes 

 into South Australia. The Darling, rising in 

 Queensland, has more than 1000 miles through 

 the colony liefore reaching the Murray, the main 

 leeeptaele of the country's waters. The Maci]iiarie 

 and Namiii go northward to the Darling. The dry 

 interior IHLS few streams. Among the few lakes 

 are Ceorge, Hat hurst, Illawarra, Macijnarie. and 

 Brisbane \\ uters the lat three sea lakes. Two- 

 fold Hay is not far from Cape Howe. North of it 

 are Jervis Hay, Hotany Hay, Port Jackson, Broken 

 Hay. Port Hunter. I'o'rt Stephen. Port Macquaiie. 

 The capital, Sydney I'j.v.l, is mi Port Jackson, and 

 is the headquarters of t lie Australian naval squadron. 

 Near it are Windsor and Parramatta. Newr.-iMle 

 and Maitland are hy the lluntei River. Goulhurn 





