522 



NORTHAMPTON 



NORTH CAPE 



out from a car in the English boat (me KLAO, Vol. 

 IV. p. 662). From 1640 to 1832 Northallerton 

 returned two meml>ers, anil then till 1885 one. 

 Pop. 3802. See the History of Xorthallcrton by 

 Ingledew ( 1858), and that by Say well ( 1886). 



Northampton, the capital of Northampton- 

 shire, and a county, parliamentary, ami municipal 

 borough, is seated on rising ground on the left 

 bank of the river Ncn, 66 miles NW. by N. of 

 London and 50 SK. of Birmingham. It has a fine 

 town-hall (1861-64), to which other municipal 

 offices have more recently been added at a cost of 

 24.000 ; a county hall, noticeable for its decorated 

 ceiling; corn exchange (1850); museum, free 

 library, and schools of science and art (auaijnd 

 1889); several large hospitals; a theatre (1884); 

 infantry barracks (1797: rebuilt 1877-78); and 

 thirteen churches, the most interesting of which 

 are St Peter's ( Norman ), St Sepulchre's ( Norman 

 and Decorated, one of the few remaining round 

 churches in England), All-Saints' (rebuilt snlwe- 

 quent to 1675, but with a line west tower partly 

 Norman ), and St Uilea' (cruciform ). The principal 

 manufacture is that of boots and shoes, the town 

 being the English centre of that industry ; a con- 

 siderable trade is carried on in the dressing of 

 leather, some lace is made, and extensive breweries 

 are also in operation. On the outskirts of the 

 town is a line racecourse, on which meetings are 

 held annually in April and November. Pop. 

 (1801) 7020; (1831) 15,3.51; of the municipal 

 lioruiigli (1891) 61,016, and of the parliamentary 

 Imrough, which returns two mcml>erR, 70,872. Of 

 the many stirring events of which Northampton 

 has been the theatre, the principal are its burning 

 h\ the Danes (1010) ; the rebuilding, and erection 

 of its castle (of which no traces now remain) by 

 one Simon de St Liz (-. 1075); its siege by the 

 barons (1215), when garrisoned for King John; 

 the establishment of its university (1260), which 

 was abolished some few years later; the conclu- 

 sion of a treaty ( 1318) bv which the independence 

 of Scotland was formally recognised ; the hold- 

 ing of many parliament* ; royal visits by Richard 

 I. (in whose reign a royal mint was established 

 here), John, Henry III. ("who here received homage 

 from Alexander If. of Scotland ), Edward I., Queen 

 Elizabeth, and Charles I. ; a battle ( 10th July 1460) 

 fought in the meadows In-low the town between 

 Henry VI. and the Yorkists, in which the former 

 was defeated and made prisoner ; a visitation of 

 the plague (1637), which in live months claimed 

 600 victims ; the mustering here in 1642 of the 

 parliamentary forces under Lord Essex on the out- 

 break of the Civil War; and a great fire (20th 

 Septemlier 1675) which almost entirely destroyed 

 the town. 



Northampton, -apital of Hampshire county, 

 Massachusetts, stands near the west, bank of the 

 < 'ontiecticut Kiver (here crossed by a bridge to 

 Hadlcy ), 1O3 miles by rail \V. of Boston and 3 miles 

 N\V. of Mount Holyoke. It contains the state 

 lunatic asylum, the Clarke Institute for deaf-mutes, 

 a public library, housed in the handsome Memorial 

 Hall, anil Smith College for women. The manu- 

 factures are of importance, and include paper, silk, 

 cotton and woollen goods, sowing-machines, cut- 

 lery, baskets, brushes, jet ornaments, &c. Pop. 

 (1880) 12,172; (IKIKi) U.'.f.xi : (IWN)) ls.643. 



><rthnmntoiislilre,or NORTHANTR, a mid- 

 land comity of England, 67 miles long, and 25 when- 

 broadest, is surrounded by the counties of Rutland, 

 Lincoln, Cambridge. Huntingdon. Bedford, Buck- 

 ingham, Oxford, ami Warwick. A tea, 984 sq. m., 

 or 0211,912 acres, of which more than half is pas- 

 ture. Pop. ( lH<ii) 131,757; (1841) 199,208; (Ih81) 

 272,558; (1891) 302,184. In the north-east near 



Peterborough the county is flat, and forms part of 

 the Bedford Level (i[.v.C but elsewhere the surface 

 is undulating, the highest ground about 800 feet 

 aliove the sea-level Mag found in the neighbour- 

 hood of Daventry. It is traversed by the I,ondon 

 and North-Western, Midland, and (ireat Northern 

 railways, and communication by water is main- 

 tained by the Nen and the Welland. which are the 

 chief rivers, as also bv the Grand Junction, I'nioii, 

 and Oxford canals. The soil, a black, peaty mould 

 in the north-east, and a brown loam on the uplands, 

 is on the whole very productive. Corn and ; 

 crops are largely grown, but, as compared with the 

 previous year, the area of land devoted to tlm-e 

 crops in ISS'.I showed a decrease of 9680 acres, (in 

 the brood pastures many cattle are grazed, and 

 dairy-farming is carried on, but, although Nort bants 

 is a great hunting county, the breeding of hoi-e~ j- 

 not much encouraged. The principal mineral- 

 limestone, which is quarried in the north-east, and 

 ironstone of excellent quality, which is found near 

 Kctteringand Welling! trough; in 1889 the amount 

 of oro produced was 1,257,080 tons, whilst 230,820 

 tons of iiig-iron were made. The manufactures are 

 inconsiderable apart from those noticed under 

 Northampton. The county comprises twenty hun- 

 dreds, the municipal boroughs of Brackley, Daven- 

 try, Highani Ferrers, Northampton, 1'eteiliorougli, 

 and Stamford (the last two ex tending into Hunting- 

 donshire and Lincolnshire), and has in all .'<! I civil 

 parishes, with parts of four others, almost entirely 

 in the diocese of Peterlmrough. The parliament- 

 ary divisions are four, each returning one memlier, 

 whilst the county council (exclusive of that for the 

 Sole of Peterborough, which has forty member-) 

 numbers sixty eight. In history the principal inci- 

 dents connected with the county, omitting those 

 noticed under Northampton (its capital), have l>een 

 the battles of Edgecotol 14ti!i land Nas.-bv ( liil.M.the 

 lieheoding of Mary t.iuecn of Scots at i'otheringay 

 Castle ( 1587 ), and the imprisonment of Charles (. 

 at Holmby House (1647). Of its natives, besides 

 Richard III. and dxrliaps) Catharine Parr, the 

 best known are Archbishop Chichele (the founder 

 of All-Souls' College at Oxford), Sir Christopher 

 Hatton (the courtier), Catesby (of Gunpowder FM 

 renown), Thomas Fuller, .lames Harrington, Bishop 

 Cumberland, Dryden, Charles Montagu, Earl of 

 Halifax, William Ijw. (Jill and Carey (the eminent 

 Baptists). Doddridge I the Nonconformist), James 

 Hervey, Cartwriglit ('the father of Reform"), I)r 

 Paley," William Lisle Bowles, Clare i the peasant 

 poet), the Earl of Cardigan (leader of the Balaclava 

 charge), and Dean Mansel. See the county his- 

 tories by Bridges CJ vols. 17!M). Baker (2~ voU. 

 1822-41), and Whellan (2d ed. 1H74). Hampshire 

 (q.v.) is the county of .V<iMampton. 



\ortll Berwick, a fashionable watering-place 

 of Haddingtonshire, at the entrance to the Firth 

 of Forth, '2S miles bv a branch line ( IS4S) KNK. of 

 Edinburgh and 10 \>\ water SSK. of F.lie in Fife. 

 Behind it rises conical North Berwick Law (612 

 feet); and westward stretch splendid golf-links 

 with an IS-hole course. Tantallon Castle, 3 mil' 

 E., fronting the Bass Itock (q.v.), is a magnificent 

 ruin, finely descril>ed in Scott's Muninini. A 

 stronghold of the Douglases, it resisted James V. in 

 1528, but in 1039 was 'dung down ' by the Cove- 

 nanters. Holiert III. made North Berwick a royal 

 burgh, and till 1885 it returned, with Haddington, 

 &C., one menilwr to parliament. Pop. '.'370. 

 Ferrier's North Bcrietck (11th ed. 1890). 



Nortlibrook. See HAKIM;. 



North <'niO. the northernmost point in 

 Europe, in 71" 10' N. lat. It is not however on tiie 

 continent, but on the island of Mageift. The 

 northernmost point on the continent is Cape 



