NOUMEA 



NOVA SCOTIA 



539 



in dill'erent districts. As regards productiveness it 

 is not above mediocrity, except in the Vale of 

 Belvoir to tlie east of Nottingham. Of the total 

 area under cultivation, corn and green crops cover 

 about 175,000 acres, permanent pasture over 200,000, 

 whilst some 3000 acres are orchards and market- 

 gardens. The cultivation of hops has been dis- 

 continued. The principal mineral products are coal 

 of which about 7,000,000 tons are raised annually 

 gypsum, iron ore, and limestone. The manu- 

 factures are noticed under the chief towns viz. Not- 

 tingham, Newark, Mansfield, Hetford, and Work- 

 sop, the two former also being the scene of most of 

 the historical events connected with the county. 

 Lying wholly in the diocese of Southwell, Notts is 

 divided into six wapentakes, nine poor-law unions, 

 and 273 parishes, and returns seven members to 

 parliament, one for each of its four divisions ( lias 

 setlaw, Newark, Mansfield, and RnshcliHe), and 

 three for Nottingham ( its capital and assize town ). 

 The county council consists of sixty-eight members. 

 Of its natives the l>est known are Archbishops 

 Cranmer, Seeker, Sterne, and Manners-Sutton ; 

 Garnet (the Jesuit); Denzil Lord Holies; General 

 Ireton, and his contemporary Colonel Hutchinson ; 

 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu ; Bishop Warburton ; 

 Dodsley, Kippis, and Wakefield (the authors); 

 Admiral Earl Howe; Sandhy and Bonington ( the 

 artists); Dr Erasmus Darwin ; Edmund Cart- 

 wright; Fy nes Clinton (the scholar ); Kirke White 

 and Bailey (the poets); Lord Byron; 'Speaker' 

 Denison ; and ' General ' Booth. See the county 

 histories bv Thoroton (3 vols. 1797), Bailey (4 vols. 

 1852-55), Briscoe ( 1881 ), and White ( 1885). 



Noumea, capital of the French penal colony of 

 New Caledonia ( q. v. ). Pop. 5000. 



\OHII. See GRAMMAR. 



Noureddin. See NTR ED-DIN. 



Novalis. the pen-name of Friedrich von Harden- 

 berg, German writer, who was born at Wieder- 

 Btedt, near Mansfeld, in Prussian Saxony, 2d May 

 177'2. Whilst being educated at Jena, Leipzig, 

 ami Wittenberg he came under the influence of 

 Schiller, and became acquainted with Fichte, Fr. 

 Schlegel, and Tieck, studied deeply the works 

 of Boehme, and imbued himself with the spirit of 

 Komanticism to such an extent that he was after- 

 wards designated the 'Prophet of Romanticism.' 

 He made his start in life as a mining official. At 

 Weissenfels ( 1795) he fell in love with a beautiful 

 young girl, whose early death left a lasting im- 

 pression upon him. Ere many years were past he 

 himself, delicate from his 1 toy hood up, was seized 

 with consumption, and died 25th March 1801. 

 The principal tenets of his two philosophical 

 romances, Imth left incomplete, Heinrich von 

 0/ttrtKmfm and LeMinf/e zu Sais, were that life 

 ought to be poetry realised in practical conduct, 

 and that there are in the universe many verities 

 and realities the truth of which cannot be grasped 

 by the cold, critical intellect ; they can only be 

 known by the sympathetic intuition of feeling. 

 UN Ili/mnen an die Nacht are a glorification of his 

 sorrow at the loss of his mistress. These, together 

 with his Poems and Sorred Sonyi, are the only 

 finished productions he has left. Novalis penned 

 many thoughtful and suggestive sentences, often 

 in very graceful language ; but on the whole his 

 writings lack precision of thought and robust 

 common sense ; their prevailing atmosphere is 

 a mystic twilight, where is much otacnrity, bnt 

 also mnch beauty and much deep feeling. His 

 S'tmmtlirhe Werke (2 thin vols.) were published by 

 Tieck and Fr. Schlegel in 1802. To these a third 

 volume, containing a supplement to the Life printed 

 in vol. i., together with poems and philosophic 

 fragments by Novalis, was added in 1846. See 



Carlyle's Miscellaneous Essays ( vol. ii. ), the German 

 Life of Novalis published at Gotha(2d ed. 1883), 

 and his correspondence with the Schlegels ( Mainz, 

 1880). 



Xovara. capital of a North Italian province, 60 

 miles N. of Turin by rail, with several fine churches, 

 a trade in silk, grain, and wine, and manufactures 

 of silk, cotton, and linen. Here the Sardinians 

 were utterly defeated by the Austrians under 

 Kadetzky, on 23d March 1849. Pop. 19,557. 



Nova Sootia, a province of the Dominion 

 of Canada, lying between 43 25' and 47 N. lat. 

 and 59 40' ami 60 25' W. long., consists of a 

 long, narrow peninsula, and the island of Cape 

 Breton, which is separated from the mainland by 

 the Strait of Canso. It is bounded on the N. 

 by Northumberland Strait (which separates it 

 from Prince Edward Island ) and by the Gulf of 

 St Lawrence; NE., S., and SE. by the Atlantic 

 Ocean ; W. by the Bay of Fundy ; and NW. by 

 New Brunswick, with which it is connected by an 

 isthmus only 1 1 miles wide, separating the Bay of 

 Fundy from Northumberland Strait. Across this 

 isthmus is the Chignecto Ship-railway (1889-92). 



The greatest length of the province is 350 miles, 

 the greatest breadth about 120 miles, and the area 

 20,600 sq. in. (13,184,000 acres) one-third less 

 than that of Scotland. According to official esti- 

 mates ( 1891 ) only a very inconsiderable part of this 

 area (50 square miles) is water. About 5,000,000 

 acres are ht for tillage; about 1,839,020 acres are 

 in crop and pasture, and 21,624 acres are devoted 

 to fruit cultivation. Pop. (1806)67,515; (1851) 

 276,117; (1871)387,800; (1891)450,523. 



The coast-line is about 1000 miles in length, and 

 the shores alxrand with excellent harbours, of 

 which the chief are Halifax Harlxmr, Chedabucto, 

 St Margaret's, Mahone. and St Mary's bays, Anna- 

 polis, Mines, and Chignecto basins, and Victoria 

 Harlmur. There are numerous rivers, but few of 

 them are more than 50 miles long. The most im- 

 portant are the Avon, Annapolis, and Shulien- 

 acadie. Of the rivers of Nova Scotia fifteen How 

 into the Northumberland Strait, four into St 

 George's Bay, seventeen into the Atlantic, and 

 twenty-four into the Bay of Fundy. Among the 

 lakes the chief is Great Bras d'Or'Lake (which is 

 really an inland sea), about 50 miles long, and with 

 an area of aliout 500 sq. m., and a depth of water 

 varying from 12 to 60 fathoms. The next largest 

 lakes are Lake Kossignol, 20 miles in length ; Ship 

 Harbour, 15 miles long ; Grand Lake, and College 

 Lake. The most remarkable body of water in the 

 province is Mines Basin, the east arm of the Bay 

 of Fundy, penetrating 60 miles inland, and termin- 

 ating in Cobequid Bay. The tides rise in the basin 

 with great impetuosity, and form what is called a 

 ' bore. At the equinoxes they have been known 

 to rise from 40 to 50 feet. On an average, how- 

 ever, the rise is about 30 feet, while in Halifax 

 Harbour, on the opposite side of the coast, the 

 spring-tides rise only from 6 to 8 feet. The 

 country is beautifully variegated by ranges of 

 hills and broad valleys, both of which run longi- 

 tudinally through the province. The Cobequid 

 range of mountains, as they are called, run through 

 the interior of the province. On each side of these 

 mountains are two extensive ranges of rich arable 

 lands. The Annapolis valley is especially favour- 

 ably situated, ana is noted for the magnificent 

 apples grown there. The southern part of Cape 

 Breton is very much the same in appearance as 

 the northern part of the mainland, but the northern 

 part of the island is 1>M and steep, the land at 

 North Cape being 1800 feet above the sea-level. 

 The distance from North Cane to Cape Ray on the 

 Newfoundland coast is 48 miles. 



