576 



. < . 'NNKI.I, 



OCTOBER 



of which seceded from the Association after angry 

 disputes in isiil. Ni-\t followed tin- potato famine. 

 Distraction at tin- siilicrings of lii- fniuitry. dismay 

 at tin- rtalldBg ahadow of famine, vexation al the 

 breach in his |iartv, consciousness of failure in the 

 dearest project of hU life, religious austerities in 

 expiation of the error* of hi* xoiith, the pro. 

 of insidious disease, ami last of all a crazy passion 

 for a young Knglish girl, now combined to break 

 down 'his herculean frame, H,* left Ireland for 

 the la-t lime mi 2(ith .January 1H47, inaile a touch- 

 ing l.nt scarce anilil.le speech in the HoiiHe of 

 Commons on Kebruarv H, next went to Hastings 

 ami to Folkestone. MM as he felt the hanil of ileath 

 \i|M.n him was lilleil with a great longing to reach 

 Koine, Hoitlogne, Paris, Moulins, Lyons, Mai 

 scilles, ami Uciioa were the slow stages <>f the 

 joimiev. At (he last, after some days of delirium, 

 he died. May !.">. 1S17. His heart l>y his own desire 

 was carried t<> U.-me, and huried in the cliureh of 



\_iatha: his liody rests in the Closnevin Ceme- 

 tery. Dublin, in a crypt at the base of an Irish 

 round tower, 165 feet high. 



Daniel O'Cunnell xvas framed hy nature for the 

 part he had to play in life. Almost nix feet high, 

 of Inirly figure, giant Rtrength, inexhaustible energy, 

 and enormous powers of xvork, he ha<l a splendid 

 command of nervous language, and a mighty voice 

 that rose high aliove the uproar of the croxvd. A 

 magnificent orator, trenehant, versatile, self-pos- 

 sessed, sincere with all his exaggeration, ready in 

 unstudied and ell'eetive retort, richly endowed with 

 a coarse hut genuine humour, and ever thoroughly 



Irish. I ontiolled at will the wildest emotions of 



an Irish moh, and passed xvith the ease of a master 

 from hurst.s of passion and outrageous buffoonery to 

 the teuderest pathos. He was master of all the 

 artillery of vituperation, hat it should lie reinem- 

 heied in his defence that he xvas assailed all his life, 

 the constant victim of a malignity and hatred now 

 dillicull to realise. Kven the "Times newspaper 

 stigmatised him as ' an unredeemed and unreiieem- 

 ahle scoundrel,' and asked, like Cicero of another 

 Catiline, Hoxx- long shall such a xvretch be toler- 

 ated among civilised men ?' Yet O'Connell was no 

 demagogue in the unworthy sense of that word, no 

 socialist or advocate of strikes he opposed the poor- 

 laws of !s:ts on the most unpopular grounds, am i 

 rejected the proffered alliance of the Cliartists. con- 

 stantly denounced rebellion, and xvas unsxverving in 

 pMMul loyalty to the sovereign. He xvas no mere 

 t<H)l of Koine, and never abused Protestants as 

 such, but advocated a large tolerance in religion 

 far beyond the ideas of either his antagonists or his 

 supporters, making for his aim a really Lil>eral 

 lolicism that earned the unstinted approbation 

 of Montalemlx'rt and Lai-ordain*. His church policy 

 was carried out far lieyond his dreams in lx<>9, his 

 fixity of tenure granted by the I ,and Hill of 1S70; and 

 indeed the magnitude of the measures the imperial 

 parliament has MIICC l,i- time adopted to heal the 

 distresses of Ireland but shoxvs now sound xvas 

 hi- statesmanship and how real were the evils 

 that he dcnounci*d. Yet together xvith all this 

 good there was mixed much evil also. He was 



ise, scurrilous, cunning, violent, Iximhastic, 

 unscrupulous, more than Celtic in his looseness 

 of phrase and exaggeration, he often played upon 

 unworthy passion-, and left liehind him nn in- 

 heritance of antagonism hetxveen classes in Ireland 

 that has done much to degrade and embitter the 

 tone of public life. Hut it mould never lie forgot ten 

 that he taught his count rv to manage within con- 

 stitutional limits tin* xvhiiie machinery of political 

 agitation, and again aroused xvithin her the spirit 



nationality and the instinct of freedom. lie 

 said himself with justifiable pride. 'Crattan sat 

 by the cradle of hU country, anil followed her 



hearse: it was left for me to sound the resurrec- 

 tion truni|H>t, and to shoxv that she was not d. 

 but sleeping.' With all his faults IM-XXM- M great 

 and sincere patriot, whose dexotion to the 1-est in- 

 temts of Ireland will never fade from her remem- 

 brance. 



Of OTonnell'i publislied writings the mot cliaracter- 

 iitic it the Letttr tii Ih, ,' Ha 



Memoir of Inland, ffalire aiul f-aron ( 1 - [ sw 



itasecuiul vuliiini-. and is poor and inaccurate. There ii no 

 adequate biogrnphv, thc.u^-li tlu-n* an- Live* by his son 

 Ji.lm O'Cunnell (l4l, William Kagan ( 1847-4S ), M. K. 

 Cuuck (1872), and a short Centenary Lift- l.y tin- Hev. 

 John O'Konrke (1875). s. , \\ . .1. ( I'Neill l>aunt'x / 

 tonal Jlctolltctioni (2 vols. 1848) ; his son's Jit 

 u<nl Experience! Jiirin't fromJSiS 



toA'^(2vol.1849);'W. K . L.cky's /.. 

 Ojiiiiiini in Ireland, uni|in >tiun:il>ly the ablest estimate 

 i.f his character (new eil. 1K71 ; -M. K. Cu-;i<-k' 

 and fuUie iettrr nf l/i, I.iltruti.r (2 vols. 175); Shaw 

 Lefevre's Peel atul <>'< 



by J. A. Hamilton in tli< ' M:it< i-nu n ' n Ties (1888); 

 and \V. .1. Kitzpinrick's anthoritative and invaluable 

 remoniience oj Daniel O'C'ontitll, Ike Li>>tr<it<ir ( L' vulg. 

 1KH8). The d'elightful l-tu-r to his wife and Archbishop 

 M'Hale, contained in the last, gave a m w n v, l:,i],.n into 

 his character. Good articlei on O'Comiull an- thosi- liy 

 J. Ball in Mdi-millan'i M,i,ia:iue for July 1H73, and Mr 

 (ihidstoiie iii the Aineteciitli Century for Januaix 



OTonnor, FEAIuifs El>w.\itn, Chartist, xvas 

 lorn in 1794, ami was educated at I'ortarlington 

 and Trinity College, Dublin. He was called to the 

 Irish bar, and entered parliament for Cork in IS:.'-'. 

 At first a supporter of <>'< 'oiiiiell, he became 

 esiiaiiged from his leader, and devoted himself to 

 the cjuise of the working-classes in Kngland. His 

 great .stature and strength, his eloquence and 

 enthusiasm, gave him vast popularity as a leader, 

 and by his panel 1 , the .\ ///(' IH Mar, he did much 

 to advance tin- cause of Chartism. Klected for 

 Nottingham in 1847, lie piesented the monster 

 petition in the April of the following year. In 

 1852 he xvas found to In; hopele-sly insane, and in 

 1855 he died. 



OroiUo. capital of (leonto county, \Viscoiisin, 

 oiideeii Hay, at the month of the Dconto liixer, 

 1411 miles by rail N. of Milwaukee. It has 1, 

 steam saxvniills. and e\i*orts pine luml>er. Pop. 

 (1880)4171 ; (1SHM 5liii. 



OftaVO (Lat- iirtni-iis. 'eighth'), in the church 

 calendar, is the eighth day alter a festival, count- 

 ing in the festival day Itoeff ; also, the xveck after a 

 church festival.- In Music octax'e is the interval 

 between any musical note and its most perfect 

 concord, which is double its pitch, and occupies the 

 position of the eighth note from it on the diatonic 

 scale. The mime octave is often given to the 

 eighth note itself as xvell as to the intcn.il. 



Ortavia. the sister of the Koman emperor 

 Augustus, and wife of Maik Antony, distinguished 

 for her beauty, her noble disposition, and xvomanly 

 virtues. On' the death of her first husband, Mar- 

 cellus, she consented in 411 n.c. to marry Antony. 

 to make secure the reconciliation betxveen him and 

 her brother: but in a t'exv xeais Antony forsook her 

 for Cleopatra. In 32 B.O. xvav. long inevitable, 

 broke out between Antony and Octaxian: :nnl the 

 former croxvneil his insults by sending Octavia a 

 bill Of divorcement Hut no injury \va~ t<m great 

 to l>e forgiven by Ibis patient GriMldc of the 

 ancient xvorld : and after her bnibiUld'l death she 

 brought up xvith maternal care not only lier oxvn 

 children by Antony, but also those of Cleopatra. 

 She died 11 B.C. 



Ortavian. See A ' 



Ortobor (I-at. nrt<>, 'eight') was the eighth 

 month of the so called year ol Koimilus, btltl)ecame 

 the tenth when Numa changeil the commencement 



