OGDENSBURG 



OHIO 



585 



manufactories of woollens, brooms, boots and shoes, 

 &c. Pop. (1880) 6069; (1900)16,313. 



Ogdensburg. a port of New York, on the St 

 Lawrence, at the mouth of the Oswegatchie, oppo- 

 site Prescott, Canada, and 393 miles by rail NN >V. 

 of New York City. Its principal buildings are the 

 Roman Catholic cathedral and the United States 

 government building. The city has a large lake 

 and river trade, and contains a huge grain-elevator 

 and manufactories of Hour, lumber, and leather. A 

 steam ferry plies to Prescott. Pop. ( 1900) 12,633. 



Ogee, Ogive. Ogive is the name given by the 

 French to the pointed arch ; and as an English 

 architectural term, ogive ribs are the main ribs 

 which cross one another at the intersection of the 

 vaulting. Ogee, a form of the same word, is 

 applied to a compound curve, made up of a convex 

 curve continued by a concave one. Ogival work is 

 common in the Decorated Style (q.v., fig. 3), and 

 may be seen in the tracery of the Flamboyant (q.v.). 

 The ogee moulding is that also called Cyma reversa, 

 illustrated at MOULDING. The French word is 

 from the Spanish auge, and that from the Arabic 

 in'-j, 'summit,' 'vertex.' 



Ogier le Danois. See CHANSONS DE GESTES. 



Oglethorne. JAMES EDWARD, founder of 

 Georgia, was born in London, 21st December 1698, 

 the son of Sir Theophilus Oglethorpe, of Godal- 

 ming in Surrey. After studying awhile at Oxford 

 he joined the Guards before he was twenty, and 

 served on the Continent with Prince Eugene. 

 From 1722 to 1754 he represented Haslemere in 

 parliament. Meanwhile he projected a colony in 

 America, where the debtors then languishing in 

 English gaols might start life afresh, and which 

 should be also a refuge for the persecuted German 

 Protestants (see SALZBURG). Parliament contrib- 

 uted 10,000, George II. gave a grant of the neces- 

 sary land, after him called Georgia; and in 1733 

 Oglethorpe went out with a company of 1.30 persons 

 and founded Savannah. In 1735 ho took out 300 

 more, including the two Wesleys ; and in 1738 lie 

 was !>ack again with a regiment of 600 me*?, raised 

 in anticipation of a war with Spain, from whose 

 neighbouring colony of Florida he had already 

 received annoyance. War was declared by the 

 mother-countries in 1739, and in 1741 Ogletnorpe 

 invaded Florida and unsuccessfully attacked St 

 Augustine (see his own account, published 1742); 

 the next year he repulsed a Spanish invasion of 

 Georgia. In 1743 he left the colony for the last 

 time, to meet and rej>el before a court-martial the 

 malicious charges of one of his own officers. He 

 was again tried and acquitted after the Forty-five 

 for having failed, as major-general, to overtake 

 Prince Charles's army. The charter of his colony 

 he surrendered to the British government in 1752. 

 His later years were spent at Craiiham Hall, his 

 seat in Essex, where he died 30th January 1785. His 

 intimate friends included many of the most eminent 

 men of the day. Po^'s couplet is well known : 



Or driven by utrong benevolcnre or uniil, 

 Will fly, like Ogletlinrpe, from pole U) pole. 



B/ Johnson urged him to write his life, and even 

 offered to do it himself ; ami Boswell made a few, 

 but insufficient, notes with the same object. 



See Lives by Harria (Boston. 1W1), Wright (Loud. 

 1867), and Brace (New York, 1890). 



l, or OCOWAY, a river of "West Africa, 

 has its origin on the west side of the watershed 

 that parts its basin from that of the Congo, in 2 

 W S. lat., 14 30' E. long.. Hows north-west, west, 

 and finally curves round by the south so as to pour 

 ita waters into Nazareth Bay, on the north side of 

 Cape Lopez. It forms a wide delta of some 70 

 q. m. in extent. In the dry season (July to Sep- 



teml>er) it shrinks to a narrow current winding 

 between the rocky obstructions of its bed ; at other 

 times it is a deep, broad stream, navigable by boats ; 

 numerous islands and sandbanks and shallows pre- 

 vent vessels of any size from ascending. It has been 

 dominated by France, through her colony on the 

 Gaboon (q.v.), since 1885. 



Ogy'ges, the earliest legendary king of Attica 

 and Boeotia, in whose time a great Hood took place 

 called the Ogygian Flood. 



Ogygia, a genus of Trilobites (q.v.), peculiar 

 to the Lower Silurian system. 



O'llara, THEODORE, author of 'The Bivouac 

 of the Dead,' was born at Danville, Kentucky, in 

 1820. He was a lawyer and journalist, but se'rved 

 as captain and major in the Mexican war, after- 

 wards, for a year, in the United States cavalry, and 

 in the civil war as a colonel on the Confederate 

 side. He died in 1867. See monograph by Uanck 

 (Baltimore, 1875), and the Century ( May 1890). 

 O'Higgins. See CHILI. 



Ohio, a river of the United States, called by 

 the French explorers, after its Indian name, la 

 lielle Biviire, next to the Missouri the largest 

 affluent of the Miniwippi, is formed by the union 

 of the Alleghany and Monongahela at 'Pittsburgh, 

 Pennsylvania, and Hows west-south-west 975 miles, 

 with a breadth of 400 to 1400 yards, draining, with 

 its tributaries, an area of 214,000 sq. in. In its 

 course it separates the northern states of Ohio, 

 Indiana, and Illinois from the southern states of 

 West Virginia ami Kentucky. The principal towns 

 upon its banks are Pittsburgh, Wheeling, Cincin- 

 nati, Louisville (where there are rapids of 22 feet 

 in a mile, with a steamlioat canal ), Evansville, 

 New Albany, Madison, Portsmouth, Covington, 

 and Cairo. The river's principal aflluciits are the 

 Tennessee, Cuml>erland,M"abash, Kentucky, Great 

 Kanawha, Green, Muskingum, and Scioto. It is 

 usually navigable from Pittsburgh. 



Ohio, a state of the American Union, the fourth 

 in jwpulatioii, lies between 38 25' and 42 N. lat , 

 amf 80' 30' and 84' Off W. long , roMright ,,_ 1897 . . Dd 

 It stretches from north to south ioo in ih u.s. \,j j. . 

 210 miles, and from east to I L1 P" ino " < I -"P"I- 

 west 220 miles ; the northern and southern and 

 much of the eastern boundaries are irregular. 

 Area, 41,060 sq. m., or eq^ial to that of Ireland and 

 \\ ales together. Ohio is a part of the original 

 North-west Territory, chiefly claimed by Virginia 

 under charters granted by the English kings, which 

 territory became a corporate body soon after the 

 formation of the Virginia colony ; and when that 

 colony became a state, the territory, with undefined 

 northern limits, became a county. Ohio was the 

 first state created within the territory, -of which 

 it comprises much of the best part. It is watered 

 on the north by Lake Erie, and on much of the 

 east and all of its southern boundary by the Ohio 

 River, from which it derives its name. 



The face of Ohio, taken as a whole, presents the 

 appearance of an extensive, monotonous plain. It 

 is moderately undulating, but not mountainous ; 

 in many places streams have forced a way through 

 bold clitls of sandstone. A low ridge enters the 

 state near the north-east corner and crosses it in 

 a south-westerly direction. This 'divide' separ- 

 ates the waters of Lake Erie and the Ohio Kiver, 

 and maintains an average elevation of a little over 

 1300 feet above sea-level. North of this ridge the 

 surface of the country is generally level, gently 

 declining toward the lake. The central part of 

 TJhio is almost a level plain, about 1000 feet above 

 the sea, slightly inclining south ward. The southern 

 :>art is somewhat hilly, the valleys growing deeper 

 is they approach the Ohio River, whose tribu- 

 taries here water many extensive and fertile 



