.'. I . 



OLIVENITE 



OI.SIIAI SKN 



Cumlicrland, anil that eighty-two documents pro- 

 duced in evidence wen- forgeries. 



Sec the Lift of John Tkomat Serra ( 1826 ) ; Jfotei and 

 Qtieritt, jxurim; and an article by K. Walford in tbe 

 tnan't Magazine for August 1873. 



Olivciiiti*. a mineral, consisting chiefly of 

 ar-enic acid iiml protoxide of copper, with a little 

 phosphoric acid and a little water. It ! generally 



of some dark shade of green, "" !ii-s brown or 



yellow. It is foiiiul along with difl'eient ores of 

 cupper in Cornwall and elsewhere. It is often 

 crystallised in oblique four-sided prisms, of which 

 tin- extremities HIV acutely beveUed, ami theofatOM 

 1. vti-nil edges sometimes truncated, or in acute 

 double four-sided pyramids ; it is sometimes also 

 spherical, kiilncy shaped, i-uliiniiiar, or lilirons, 

 which latter variety is known as utood-aneniate, 

 and is greenish gray '" colour. 



OliveilZti, a fortiiied town of Spain, near the 

 Portuguese frontier, 20 miles SSW . of Badajoz. 

 Pop. 77.">!. 



OlivT. the comrade in arms of Roland (q.v.). 



Olivs, Mi TNT OF, called also Mot'NT Oi.iVKT, 

 a lime-tone rid};'', lying north and south on the 

 ea-^t side of Jerusalem i q.v.), from which it is sep- 

 a rat ed only liy the narrow Valley of Jehosaphat. 

 It is callrd liy the modern Aralw Jebel-al-T6r, and 

 takes its familiar name from a magnificent throve 

 of olivr trees which once stood on its western flank, 

 hut has now in great pan disappeared. The road 

 to Mount Olivet is through St Stephen's Gate. 

 Immediately heyond, at the foot of the bridge 

 over the brook Kedron, lies the Garden of Gethse- 

 ni me ; and the road here parts into two branches, 

 northwards to Galilee, and eastwards to Jericho. 

 Tlie ridge rises in three principal sunr.niti, that to 

 the north being 'Ml feet aliove Jerusalem (2725 

 above the sea), the central summit, crowned with a 

 village (Olivet proper), '2Sii. and the third summit 

 on the south -II! feet. David lied from Absalom by 

 wav of the Mount of Olives, which was also the 

 scene of tin- idolatrous worship established by 

 Solomon. The northern ]ienk is the supposed 

 scene of the appearance of the angels to the dis- 

 ciples after the resurrection, and is remarkable 

 in Jewish history as the place on which Titus 

 formed his eiicaiiipiiu-iit in the expedition against 

 the fated city of Jerusalem, lint it is around the 

 central peak, which is the Mount of Olives properly 

 no called, that all the most sacred associations of 

 Christian history converge. On the summit stands 

 tin- Church of the Ascension, on the site of a 

 church built by St Helena ; and near it are 

 shown the various place* where, according to 

 tradition, our Lord wept over Jerusalem, where 

 the apostles composed the apostles' creed, where 

 our Lord taught them the Lord's I'rayer, cVc. Near 

 the Church of tin- A-cen-i'in i- a mosque and the 

 tomb of a Mohammedan saint. 



Oliyctlllis. a religious order of the Roman 

 Catholic Church, whose full title is the Congrega- 

 tion of Our Lady of Mount Olivet. They are an 

 oil-hoot of the Benedictine Onh-r (q.v.), and were 

 founded ill IMKt by Oiovanni Tolomei, a native of 

 Sii-na, and professor of Philosophy in the university 

 of that city, who l>i-licvi-d himself to have IM-CU 

 miraculously enrol of blindness. The order was 

 continued by pope John XXII., and Tolomei was 

 chosen the first general. 



OlivillC. Si-e ClIKYsMI.IlK. li.M.i'ls liflCKS. 



Olln I'odri'dn 'lit', 'putrid pot'), a Spanish 

 national dish, consisting of llesh, fresh and salted, 

 poultry. vegetables, \c., well -easom-d with pepper 

 and garlic, and stewed together in a closed pot. 

 The ti-nn is applied fix-unit h civ to literary produc- 

 tion* of very miscellaneous contents. The French 



equivalent in pot-pourri, and the Scotch /.<./</,- 

 ',. l>oih oi which, but especially the former, 

 are also employed in a figurative sense. 



OlleildorPs System, a method of learning 

 languages. Invented by H. (!. Ollendorf (Isii.'i 

 ami de-igncd for those who teach themselves. The 

 grammars are meant to give the student a ma-tery 

 of tin- conversational forms of the language, gram- 

 matical rules being few. 



Ollivier, Ol.tVIKR KMM.K, French Rtatesman. 

 was lx>rn at Marseilles on 2d July IS'J."). and, 

 having studied law at Paris, began to pr.'icii- 

 an advocate ill that city, liy clever iileading he 

 established a reputation at the bar, and after I Mi I 

 acquired influence as a member of the Legislative 

 A--' nilily. In IMi.'i the viceroy of Kgypt appoinled 

 him to a high juridical ollice in that country. Hut 

 he still took an acti\c interest in French politic-, 

 and in January Is70 Napoleon 111. charged him 

 to form a constitutional ministry. Hut the real 

 authority of the ministers was practically nil. 

 Ollivier was an unsiis|>ectiiig tool in the hand- of 

 the Imperialists. 'With a light heart ' he ru-ln-d 

 his country into the war with Germany, himself to 

 l>e overthrown, after the first battles, on !Hh August. 

 He withdrew to Italy. Ollivier has written books 

 on Lnmartinc( 1874) and Tliii 1:1 ( 1S71M, and L'&gUtt 

 et l't(lt (III ('(-.//( (ill Vli<-<in Cl vols. 1H79), 



Prinrijics et Conduite ( 187."' i, .\<>in-i<tit Miunicl tie 

 Droit Kf<-h.iin.tt:iiii,' Fridiniis (1883); and his 

 L' Empire Libfral (vol. i. I8!W) was an apology 

 for his al ministration, and an attempt to throw the 

 blame of the war wholly on Germany. 



OlmiltZ, a fortress of Moravia, Austria, on the 

 March, 129 miles NNE. of Vienna. Notable 

 are the 14th-century cathedral (restored 1887); the 

 church of St Maurice (147'2i, whose oigan has 48 

 -tops and 2:i4'J pipes; the noble town-hall, with a 

 steeple iVi feet liigh ; the aruhiepihcopal ]>alace ; 

 and the lofty Trinity column on the Oberring. 

 The former university ( 1581-lX.Vi i is reduced to a 

 theological faculty, with over 200 students and a 

 library of 73,000 volumes. The trade is more im- 

 portant than the manufacture-. Top. 'jo, 170. 

 Olmiitz, which in 1(>40 was superseded by l!rmin a- 

 the capital of Moi.-nia. siillen-d seven-ly in lK>th 

 the Thirty and the Seven Years' Wars. In Is Is 

 Ferdinand* I. signed his abdication here. See the 

 local history b\' W. Miiller (Vienna, ISM'I. 



Olney, a pleasant little town of 1'iuckingham- 

 shire, on the I (use, 11 miles NV. by N. of Hedford 



and KI SK. of Northampton. At uieoornei of the 



market-place still siand.s the Imiisi- wheie Cowper 

 (q.v.) lived from 1707 to 1780, writing with John 

 Newton the dim-it lli/inii.t (1779). The place 

 l-siiles has memories of Scott the commentator, 

 William Carey, and many more missionaries. 

 Brewing and l>ootmakiiig are indnsliii-. 1'i.p. -2.'t47. 

 SeeThoma- Wright's '1'i.in, ,,/ <',!/ / ( ISM; ,. 



OlolK'l/. :i eiivernment of Russia, iKiunded A\'. 

 by l''inland. NK. b> Aichangel, and S. b\ Novgonkl 

 and St I'l-teisburg. Area, 57,422 sq. in. ; ]>o]i. 

 i lss:( i :{-27,d4.'<. Fore-t- cover li:{.\ pel cent, of tin- 

 total area. I'etro-avodsk is the centre of adminis- 

 tration. 



Oloroil. a town in the French department of 

 P,u i- l'\ n -nt 'c-. on I he Gave d'Oloron, '?! miles 

 by rail S\\ . of 1'au. It has two interesting 

 l:<imaiic-qnc churches. Pop. 7">17. 



<>|s|i:ii|s-n. HKIIMANN, tlieologian, was \rnrn 

 at Olde-lohe in Holstein. 'Jlst August 1796, studied 

 nt Kiel and at Berlin under Ncander, and became 

 pr.i:es-,, r at Ik;rlin (ls'.'l>. Konigberg (1887), and 

 Erlangen (is:ui. He <lied 4th September 1839. 

 His principal ork was a complete commentary on 

 the S'ew restament, completed by Ebrard and 



