662 



OTTEIIY ST MARY 



OTWAY 



and hewed a way liefore liiin until he wax liomc 



down mortally wounded liy th siiear-thru-t- 



TII wiinc of his kiiiKiiu'ii anxiou-ly asking how he 

 diil. llnnii- <>f (Jodscroft tejla UK tlir living hero 

 made answer, ' 1 il" well, dying as my pn-dcce 01- 

 have done In-fore ; not in a lieu of laagmfaUM sick- 

 ness, hut in the field. These tiling. I require of 

 you as my last jM-iitionn : first that ye keep my 

 ilcathcloM both from our own folk and from the 

 enemy : thi-n that ye suffer not my Htandard to ho 

 lost, or cast down : and last, that ye avenge my 

 di-nth, ami bury me at Melrose with my father. 

 If I could lio|M-'for these thins*, I should die with 

 tin- greater contentment ; for lone since I lu-anl a 



frophit-y that a dead man should win a field, and 

 ho|M- i'n Cod it shall be I." Toward* morning the 

 Scuts gained a complete victory, losing 300 men, 

 while the English lost 1880, anil among the 

 prisoners both Hotspur ami his brother Ralph. 

 The Scottish l>alla<l of 'Otterhum' ia almost as 

 historical as Froiasart's glowing narrative ; the 

 English ' Ballad of Chevy Chase' is a glorious 

 effort of the imagination, which still stirs a modern 

 reader, as it iliil Sir l'liili|> Sidnt-y, more than the 

 blast of a trumpet. See KoU-rt White's mono- 

 graph, History of Hie lialtle of Otterburn (1857). 



Ottery St Mary, a town of Devonshire, 

 on the nvcr Ottr, 11 miles (15 by mil) K. of 

 Exeter. Twice the scene of a great conflagration, 

 in 1767 and 1866, it retains its magnificent collegi- 

 ate church, a reduced copy of the cathedral of 

 K \i-ter (<|.v. ), with the only other transeptal 

 towers in England. Begun alnmt 1260 by Bishop 

 Bronescombe, it is Early English, Decorated, and 

 Pci-iK-ndicular in style, and was restored by Butter- 

 lield in 1849-50. The old King's Cranmiar-school 

 was demolished in 1884. Alexander Barclay was 

 a priest here; Coleridge (q^.v.) was a native; and 

 ' ' Clavering ' in Peiulennis is Ottery St Mary, the 

 Devonshire residence of Thackeray's stepfather. 

 Silk shoe-laces, hand kerchiefs, and lion i ton lace 

 arc manufactured. Pop. (1881) 3973 ; (1891) 3855. 



OltO. SeeOTHO. 



Otto, or Attar, of Roses is the volatile oil 

 or otto of the petals of some species of rose, 

 obtained by aqueous distillation, ami highly prind 

 as a perfumt*. It is a nearly colourless or light - 

 vellow rrystallini! solid at teni|>ciature8 lielow 80 

 F.| liquefying a little almve that tein|K-ratiire. 

 It is imiiorted from the East, where in the Balkan 

 Peninsula, Syria, Persia, and India roses are 

 eiiltn ated to a considerable extent for its sake. 

 It i* probable that the oriental otto is the produce 

 of more than one species of Hose (q.v.) ; it is un- 

 certain what species is cultivated in some of the 

 localities most celebrated for it, but Rosa danuts- 

 i- known to lie BO employed in the north of 

 India, and a kind of otto i- sometimes obtained by 

 the makers of rose-water from Hiuut rcnti folia in 

 Europe. (!lia/.i|iur, near Benares, is celebrated for 

 ardcns, which surround the town, and are 

 in reality lielils occiipii-d by rows of low rose-bushes, 

 extending over 100 acres. Cashmere is noted for 

 iu extensive manufacture of otto, as arc also the 

 neighbourhoods of Shiraz and Damascus. Keuuilik 

 is the centre of the roue-growing district in the I'.al 

 kaUK, which is 40 miles long : /,'</.<" ino.wlnitii rillonls 

 the chief supply. The gathering is commenced on 

 the third year, and is carried on chidly in May and 

 Itine. About T'-M" Ib. of petals are required to pro- 

 duce 2i lh. of otto, or alKiut the gathering of 2J 

 acre*. The pure essence fetches from i'Ki to 18 

 the fMiinid, and tin- annual product in Itoumelia 

 may lie 80,(NN) in good seasons. The French per- 

 fnmen buv the first quality, Austria and America 

 the second. In the south of France aliout 30 

 million jwurnU of roses are gathered annually for 



oil distillation at aliout 2s. 3d. per Ib. According 

 to mime calculations, 250 to :MK) Ib. of rose |>cials 

 aie required there to produce an ounce oi otto by 

 ordinary distillation. To jiromrc tin- otto, the 

 roue-petals are usually distilled with about twice 

 their weight of water, and the produce exposed to 

 the cool night-air in o|wn vessels, fiom which the 

 thin film of otto is skimmed with a feather in the 

 morning, dtto is said to have been first procured 

 by what may IK- called an accidental distillation 

 of n. -i- petals exposed with water to the heat of t lie 

 sun, and to have been found floating on the surface 

 of the water; it is still sometimes obtained in 

 India by such a process. It is said to be also 

 obtained by drv distillation of rose-petals at a low 

 temperature. During the distillation of io-e petals 

 a small quantity of a solid volatile oil conies over, 

 which crystallises and Moats on the water in the 

 receiver ; this is sometimes called English Oil of 

 Rote*. Otto of roses is not (infrequently adul- 

 terated with geranium-oil, sandalwood oil, oil of 

 rhodium, &c. It is much used for making hair-oil, 

 a drop of it l>eing enough to impart a plea-ant 

 odour to a considerable quantity ; olive-oil scented 

 bv a few drops of otto is often sold under the name 

 of otto of roses. It is also used in making lavender- 

 water and other perfumes. The odour of otto it-elf 

 is too powerful to be altogether pleasant, and 

 frequently gives headache. Another method of 

 obtaining the scent of roses is described in the 

 article PERFUMERY". Otto of roses is a mixture 

 of two volatile or essential oils; the one solid at 

 ordinary temjieratiires, and the- other liquid. The 

 solid oil of roses (rose camphor, stoanipten of oil 

 of roses) possesses of itself very little odour. The 

 liquid oil of roses (eldoptene of oil of roses) is a very 

 fragrant liquid. The otto of roses may lie regarded 

 as a solution of one part of the solid oil in two 

 parts of the liquid. Medicines are occasionally 

 perfumed by otto of roses, and it is sometimes 

 added to unguente and spirit -washes. 



Ottoman Empire. SeeTiKKKV. 



Ottrclit<*> a silicate of alumina with protoxides 

 of iron and manganese and water. It occurs in 

 the form of thin ht-xagoiial plates or tables in 

 certain more or less niet.'iinorpnosed slates, which 

 are hence termed Ottrelite-sluti . 



Ottlllll'wn. capital of \Vapello county, Iowa, on 



ith sides of the DCS Moines River, "."> miles by rail 

 W. by N. of Burlington, in the heart of the state's 

 bituminous coalfields. The residence portion ex- 

 tends along the high hind's. A number of railways 

 meet here; the general passenger depot cost 

 $125,000. Extensive dams concentrate the river's 

 water-power: and the numerous industrial works 

 include planing. Hour, starch, and linseed-oil mills, 

 foundries, plough, cutlery, ami screen factories, 

 bridge-works, cooperages, manufactories of furni- 

 ture, boilers. \-c., and a large pork-packing estab- 

 lishment. There is a normal school here. Pop. 

 (1890) 14,001; (1900) 18,197. 



Otway, THOMAS, one of the greatest masters of 

 English tragedy, of whose life, says Dr .lohnson, 

 ' little is known, nor is there any part of that little 

 which his hiograither can take pleasure in relating.' 

 He was born at frotton in Sussex, March 3, 1652, 

 son of the rector of \Yooll>ediiig in that county, 

 and entered Christ Church, Oxford, as a gentle- 

 man-commoner in lIMi!). lie was a brilliant mid 

 impulsive youth 'charming his face was, charm- 

 ing wa- hi- ver-e. ' says I >ryden, but his life through- 

 out was darkened by the shallow of misfortune, 

 lie made a wretched failure as an actor ill Aphra 

 Bchn's Fiirr'il Mtirritujr in 1071, declined tin- church, 

 and left the university without a degree in Hi7-'. 

 and next year obtained a cornctcy in a lump of 

 horse. A year later he was settled in London, and 



