670 



OWEGO 



OWEN 



become* cun-ied in by two integuments wliich 

 grow tin fiom it lut-x 1 , luit (CAM- an opening at the 

 top called the micropylc. A cell near the top of 

 the nucclliis rciircMciits the mother cell of tln> 

 it-male spniv of the \a.scular cryptogams. It divides 

 into two and then into four ; our ni tln-c U-comi s 

 the female spore : it is railed thccmhrvosac because 

 thu embryo will In- formed within it. The male 

 spores of the vascular ci\ ptogamsare repiesenti-d by 

 the (Milieu grains contained in N|NM ial leaves called 

 stamens ; a pollen grain 1 -ing placed on a part of the 

 ovary sends out a tulx' w hicli eniei- the inicropvlc. 

 The nucleus of the embryo-sac now divide* into 

 two, one daughter nucleus travels to each end 

 of the 8ac ; it there divides into two, then into 

 four, daughter-nuclei. One of these from each 

 end travels hack to the centre of the sac ; they 

 fuse and form the secondary nucleus of the sac. 

 The three remaining nuclei at the end near the 

 micropyle arc Kiip|Nied to represent three arche- 

 g ..nia ; the three at the other end are supposed to 

 represent the rest of the prothallus. Only one of 

 the three archegoma the inner one, called the 

 i*spherc will develop into the embryo if fer- 

 tilised ; the ot her two merely aid in that process. 

 !'! tilis.it ion U ell'ecteil by the pollen till* entering 

 by the micropyle and touching one of the outer 

 arehegonia, which then breaks up and becomes 

 attached to the oosuhere ; this is now called 

 oosjiore, and grows into the embryo, while the 

 secondary nucleus of the embryo-sac bv repeated 

 dixision gives rise to a tissue which fills up the 

 embryo sac, called endosperm, rich in food materials 

 upon which the embryo feeds. The embryo-sac at 

 the same time grows, displacing the tissue of the 

 nucellus. This is a generalised description. There 

 are variations in the dilferent orders of flowering 

 plant*. 



Owego, capital of Tioga county, New York, 

 on the Susqnehanna liiver (here bridged ), at the 

 mouth of Owego Creek, 228 miles by rail NW. of 

 New York City. It manufactures pianos, flour, 

 soap, leather, &c. 1'op. ( 1900) 503ft 



Owen, JOHN, epigrammatist, was born at 

 Armon, in Carnarvonshire, in 1560, and had his 

 education at Winchester and New College, Oxford, 

 where he became a Fellow in 1584. He was after- 

 wards a school master at Warwick, died in 1022, 

 and was buried in St Paul's Cathedral. He had a 

 great reputation in his day as a writer of Latin 

 verse, and as the ' liritish Martial' his fame as an 

 ejiigrammatist was widely spread also on the Con- 

 tinent. His robust Protestantism sharpened into 

 stinging wit placed his l>ook on the Human /HI/../- 

 in 1054. Three liooks of the Kfiii/rnnnniitu appeared 

 in 1600 ; additions were made in later editions. 

 The best edition is that by Honouaid ( Paris, '2 vols. 

 1795). An English translation was published as 

 early o 1I9. See Kl-n;HAM. 



Owen. JIIHX, a great Puritan divine, was liorn 

 at the i icanigc of Stadham, in Oxfordshire, in 1610. 

 At twelve ho wan admitted at (Jin-en's College, Ox- 

 ford, where he worked with amaxing diligence, for 

 years taking no more than four hours' sleep a night. 

 In 1032 lie look his II. A. degree, and M.A. in 1035, 

 and two years after was driven from Oxford by 

 dislike to Laud's now statutes. The next three 

 or four years of his life were spent in a state of 

 anxious and melancholy introspection, us chaplain 

 first to Sir liohert Dormer of Ascot, next to Lord 

 Lovelace of Hurley ; but the outbreak of the war 

 (ft him without a jiatron, and about the same 

 time his /en Ions I 'uritati ism cost him the estate a 

 wealthy Welsh uncle meant to have bequeathed 

 him. He now removed to London, where a casual 

 sermon, preached by n stranger in Calamy'sclmirh, 

 brought to his heart that peace he had long laboured 



after in vain. 



of 



in vain. In 1642 he published TheDisplay o 

 iiiniiinxiH, a work for which the 'Committee 

 for Purging the (lunch of Scandalous Ministers' 

 rewarded him with the living of l-oidhani in Kssex. 

 ll<-it- he married a lady named Hooke. who bore 

 him eleven children. In 1040 he removed to 

 Coggehall, and here made public his growing 

 aversion to Presbyteriaiiism, and preference for a 

 moderate form of Independent chinch government. 

 The Presbyterian ministers fell upon him at once 

 for his apostasy, but all their acrimony, dogmatism, 

 and intolerance failed to perturb hint sober tcm]>cr. 

 At Coggeshall he wrote his Salux ]:'/< rti.i KIII, 

 fliiiiyuu Jesu, the result of seven yeais' study, 

 and of which he himself said that 'he did not 

 believe he should live to see a solid answer gixen 

 to it.' On April '29, 1046, he preached before 

 parliament, and to his discourse, when printed 

 under the title of A Vision of Free Mercy, he 

 added an Appendix in which lie pleads for liVrty 

 of conscience in matters of religion. He was again 

 chosen to preach before the House of Commons tin- 

 day after the execution of King Charles I. (January 

 31, 1049), but discreetly avoided a vindication of the 

 act by making no reference to it whateier. About 

 this time Cromwell made his acquaintance, and 

 thought so highly both of his preaching and char- 

 acter that he carried him to Ireland as his chap- 

 lain. Here he remained about half a year, regu- 

 lating the affairs of Trinity College. Next jcar 

 (1650) he went with Cromwell to Scotland, "and 

 resided in Edinburgh for several months. In 1651 

 the House of Commons appointed him dean of 

 Christ Church, Oxford, and in 1G52 he was ad- 

 mitted vice-chancellor of the university. The 

 manner in which he discharged his duties reflects 

 the highest credit on his moderation and impar- 

 tiality. Most of the vacant livings in his patron- 

 age were bestowed on Presbyterians; and Episco- 

 jialians were allowed to celebrate divine woiship 

 in their own way, nor could the vice-chancellor 

 ever be induced to offer them the slightest molesta- 

 tion. While at Oxford the 'Atlas of Independ- 

 ency,' as Wood styles him, wrote his Diatriba de 

 Divina Jiutitia, his Doctrine of the Saints' Pcr- 

 teverance, his Vindiciae Evangelicte against Diddle 

 and the Socinians and his Mortification of Sin in 

 Believers. He was one of the well-known Triers 

 appointed to purge the church of scandalous 

 ministers, and in tliis capacity signalised himself 

 by his friendly oltices on behalf of men of learning 

 and merit like Dr Edward Pocock, Land's professor 

 of Arabic. Owen opposed the giving the crown to 

 the Protector, and it appears that a coldness arose 

 l-etween the two. In 1657 he was succeeded as 

 vice-chancellor of the university by I)r Conant, 

 and the year after Cromwell's death he was ejected 

 from his deanery. He retired to Stadham, in 

 Oxfordshire, where he had purchased an estate, 

 and here he formed a congregation, to which he 

 ministered until his removal to London shortly 

 after the Restoration. The writings belonging to 

 this period of retirement are Communion with God; 

 On t/ic Dtrinc Oriifiiml, Aulhurit;/, Self-eriilenring 

 J.ii/lit inul I'uii-cr lift/if Srn'fitiii-rs ; ZVUdtoMMM mi, 

 or De A'atura, Ortu, Progrc*sn, it Mm/in ?'* rn Tlifn- 

 li'i/in ; and an uncritical and inellective diatribe 

 against Walton's 1'oliftjlntt. In KMi'2 he published, 

 at Clarendon's request, Animadversions tn Pint 

 Liu-, a treatise written by a Franciscan friar in 

 the interests of Human ' Catholicism. It was 

 followed by works on fiii/in//iiii/ Xiii, on the 130th 

 Psalm, and on the Epistle to the Hebrews, the 

 last of which began to appear in Kids, and is 

 usually reckoned t (wen's greatest work. In 1669 

 he published Truth and liinnrnirr Viniiirutcd, a 

 reply to Samuel (afterwards Hishop i Parker's Dig- 

 course on Ecclesiastical Policy, and in 1673 became 



