678 



OXFORD 



COEIT.H rmtivri COLLEGE, founded in 1510 by Itichard 

 Fox, Bishnp of Winchester, in the intercut* of Renaissance 

 lenrning. Cardinal I'ule was a tudent here, Richard 

 Hooker a lellow. Julin Keble a ncliular. 



DIVINITY SCHOOL, built 1445 80, a splendid example 

 of Perpendicular architeotnre The university warn too 

 poor to tini-li it, |X>rtions of th work showing that tlie 

 earring of the interior was designed to be much more 

 elaborate than it in. The rich colours of tin- roof an>l the 

 itained windows were destroyed in Edward Vl.'s reign. 



EXETER COLLIOI. founded in 1314 by Walter do Staple- 

 don, Biahop of Kxeter. The buildings of the college hare 

 been much extended in the present century, and are 

 nearly all uio :.-rn. The chapel (1858) it a fine example 

 i.f Sir (iilUTt Scott's work, and contains good specimens 

 of modern painted glass and tapestry. Members hare 

 been Orocyn, lilanville; Bishops Hull, I'ruleaux, and 

 Becker : Lyell, Mauric , and Froude. 



HEIITFIIKII COLLEGE, founded in 1K74 by T. C. Baring, 

 M.I'., in the interests of the Church of England. This 

 college was erected out of Magdalen Hall (founded 1487), 

 which had been removed tu this site in 1822 from its 

 former site near Magdalen College. The site had pn- 

 riously been occupied by Hart Hall, founded aliout 11!S4, 

 which hal been erected by l>r Richard Newton into 

 Hertford College in 1740, but dissolved in 1818 for lack 

 of funds. The ' learned ' John Selden was a member of 

 Hart Kail ; so also was Charles James Fox. William 

 Tyndall and Clarendon were members of Magdalen Hall. 



JEHU* COLLEGE, founded in 1571 by Queen Elizabeth 

 at the instance of I)r Hugh Price, and its revenues 

 greatly augmented by Sir Leolinc Jenkins, principal 

 of the college ( 1G61 ). Until the Commission of 1855 the 

 college had an exclusively Welsh connection ; this has 

 been furtln r broken by thu Commission of 1877, but 

 there are still several scholarships and exhibitions con- 

 fined to persons of Welsh birth and education. The 

 college contains good portraits of Queen Elizabeth, the 

 nominal foundress, and of Charles I., a benefactor. The 

 library possesses many valuable Welsh M8S. 



KKBUC COLLEGE, founded in 1870 by subscription, in 

 memory of John Keble and in the interests of the Angli- 

 can Church. The ornate chapel is the chief object of 

 interest. The hall contains a portrait of Keble. In the 

 library is Holman Hunt's picture, 'The Light of the 

 World.' The college has a different constitution from 

 other colleges, having no fellows and being governed 

 from without hy a council. 



LINCOLN COLLEGE, founded in 14M by Richard Flora- 

 in/. Bishop of Lincoln, ami refounded in 1474 by Thomas 

 Rotheram, Archbishop of York, to check the progress 

 of Lollardisin. The chapel ( 1631 ) is a good specimen of 

 Stuart work, containing fine cedar panelling and painted 

 glass. Among its fellows have been Robert Sanderson, 

 George Hickes, John Kettlewell (the non-juror), John 

 "Wesley, John RadclifTe. 



MAOIMI.KN C.,I.I.KI;E, founded in 1458 by William 

 Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester. This college, in its 

 original quadrangle, cloisters, hall, and chs|>el, built 

 1474- Ml in the founder's lifetime, possesses the finest 

 buildings of any college in the world. The tower, built 

 14U2-150B, on whose top the choir ting a Latin hymn on 

 May l)ay, is ascribed traditionally to the initiative of 

 Cardinal Wolscy when bursar here. The buildings in 

 the (irove or Park, built 1736, were at one time regarded 

 in Oxford as the jierfection of architecture. A new 

 quadrangle to the west ( called St Swithin's Ituildings) 

 was added in Ivd. The musical services in chapel have 

 for centuries lieen famous. Among the members of this 

 college bare hern Colet, Latimer, John Hani|xlen, Joseph 

 Addison. Edmund Cihhon. The college has a fine walk 

 round an inland formed by two branches of the CherwelL 

 the northern side of which is called ' Addison's Walk. 1 

 The heroic age of the college was the period 1688-88, 

 when its resistance to the arbitrary measures of James IL 

 fare it a fort-most place in the history of England. 



MAODALES HALL, see Hertford College. 



MANCHESTER NEW COLLEGE, a college for the study of 

 theology independent of creed, has been removed from 

 London to Oxford. Ituildings for it wen- erected in 

 IM'.'l in Ilolywi-11. the north-eastern suburb of Oxford. 



MASitriKi.ii COLLEGE, the chief theological college of 

 English Nonconformity, was transferred to Oxford in 

 1888k Large buildings for it bare l^en erected on a site 

 at the back of Wadhain College, 



MFBTOX COLLEGE, founded in 1264 at Maiden in 

 Surrey, and transferred to Oxford in 1274 by Walter de 

 Merton. Bishop of Rochester, was the first institution in 

 Oxford organised as a college ; and is therefore the type 

 which hu been imitated l>y all existing foundat 

 Oxford or Cambridge. The old quadrangle ( ' Moh Quail- 

 rangle,' 1278 ) and the library 1 137t> ) of this college are the 

 most primitive college buildings in Oxford. The chapel 

 ( 1424) is a fine building, with some good early brasses, 

 Memliers of Merton College hare been remarkable I tent-fac- 

 tors to the university ; Sir Thomas Bodley, who founded 

 the university library, and Sir Henry Saville who 

 founded professorships in geometry and astronoim 

 both fellows. Duns Scotus is laid to have been fellow here; 

 William Harvey, discoverer of the circulation of the blood, 

 was warden ; and other members were Bishops Hooper, 

 Jewel, and Pattesoti ; Anthony Wood, the great Oxford 

 anti'iuiiry (buried in the ante-chapel, 1 (!!!."> | ; and Steele. 



MrsEUM, the ' New Museum,' was built in IKTtfto I860, 

 for the reception of the university medical and natural 

 science collections, and the uied.cal and scientific library 

 of the Radcliffe trustees, and the accommodation of the 

 university teachers in science. Large additions have 

 since been made, particularly in the departments of 

 rhemistry, electricity, anatomy, and physiology. A 

 new wing was added in 1887 to receive the remarkable 

 anthropological collection of General Pitt- Rivers. 



NEW COLLEGE, founded in 1379 by William of Wyke- 

 liam. Bishop of Winchester. Walter de Merton's college 

 had so far been the only well-established oociety in 

 Oxford, and was therefore known as ' the college ' par 

 txctUenee. Wykeham's college was therefore known as 

 'the new college ;' a name which it has retained to the 

 exclusion of the name the founder gave it, 'St Mary of 

 Winton College.' Wykeham founded also Winchester 

 College to Iw a school to supply bis Oxford college. The 

 hall, chapel, cloisters, bell-tower, and other buildings 

 were on a scale hitherto unknown in Oxford, and, except 

 at Magdalen and Christ Church, have had no rivals. Tl-e 

 i ,:!.! n> are very beautiful, and are bounded by the only 

 perteet segment of the city wall The bent-known names 

 of members of this college are Archbishop Warham ; 

 William Waynflete, founder of Magdalen College ; 

 Henry Chichelc, founder of All Souls; Bishop Ken; 

 Sydney Smith ; and Augustus Hare. 



NEW INN HALL, founded about 1369, was closed in 1887. 

 During the Civil War, when Charles I. held Oxford, in 

 1042, the royal mint was set up here, and the old plate of 

 the colleges was coined for the king's use. 



OHIKI. COLLEGE, founded in 13'_'i>. nominally by King 

 Kdw.ird II., but really by Adam dc Brome, his almoner, 

 in a house on the High Street, removed in 1112'.' to ' la 

 Oriole,' a house on the present site, whence it has iU 

 modern name. For a long time it was known as ' King's 

 College' (Collegium Regale). The buildings arc modern, 

 the hall and chapel dating from 1637. William Eng- 

 land, author of I'ien I'loirman, was, but erroneously, at 

 one time believed to have been fellow here. Sir Walter 

 Raleigh was probably commoner for a short time. In 

 tli. 111-1 lull ot tin- 19th century Oriel College possessed 

 .1 in.- -i distinguished body of fellows Keble, Pusey, 

 Thomas Arnold. Archbishop Whately, Cardinal Newman, 

 Arthur Hugh Clough. 



PKMHIIOKK COLLEGE, erected in 1624 by Thomas Tesdale 

 and Richard Wightwick, out of Bnudgates Hall, a most 

 ancient place of academical study, in which Bishop Bomier, 

 IVaiiincint the dramatist, and Sir Thomas Browne had. 

 Iwen students. The name was given in compliment to the 

 Earl of Pembroke, then chancellor of the university, and 

 in ho|w of a godfather's gift from him, which his death 

 soon after prevented. Members of this college (and hall) 

 have filled the three Anglican primatial sees of Canter- 

 bury (Moore, 1783). York (Yung. 1561), Armagh (New- 

 come, 171*5). Dr Johnson was a student here. 



gi F.KN'S COI.LKDK, founded in 1340 by Robert de 

 Eglesfeld, chaplain to I'lnlippa, queen of Edward IIL 

 He arranged that the queen-consort of England tor the 

 time being should lie patroness of the eoll, -, ; hence its 

 name, and several donations by queens of England when 

 the college was in difficulties. The college was rebuilt in 

 1707-14. Henry V. is said to hare been a student here 

 for a short time; and other members were Cardinal 

 Beaufort. Wycherley, Addison, and Collins. The college 

 retains the old ceremony of bringing in the ' Boar's Head,' 

 with the traditional song, on Christmas Day. 



