OXFORD 



683 



universities, on the production of approved theses. 

 In the academical year 1889-90 the following 

 pei-sons graduated: In divinity, B.D. 13, D.D. 7; 

 in law, U.C.L. 11, D.C.L. 2; in medicine, M.B. 9, 

 M. D. 1 ; in music, B. Mus. 7, D. Mus. 1. 



The university, on the initiative of the Hebdom- 

 adal Council, from time to time confers honoris 

 causd the degrees of M.A., D.C.L., and D.D., the 

 latter by custom being always voted to members 

 of the university who have been raised to the 

 episcopal bench. The nnml>er of these ' honorary 

 degrees ' in the academical year 1889-90 was as 

 follows: Hon. M.A. 1; Hon. D.C.L. 7; Hon. 

 D.D. 5. 



All ordinary degrees require that candidates 

 should have kept a specified number of terms by 

 having their names on the books of some college 

 or hall or of the non-collegiate students. For the 

 degree of B.A. it is further required that the 

 candidate should have resided in Oxford during 

 twelve terms. In the academical year there are 

 four terms .Michaelmas term (October to Decem- 

 ber), Hilary or Lent term (January to March), 

 Easter and Trinity terms ( the latter beginning 

 the day after the former closes, April to July). 

 The first two are kept by six weeks' residence, 

 the last two by three weeks' residence in each, 

 the legal requirements of residence being thus 

 eighteen weeks in the year. The colleges, how- 

 ever, under ordinary circumstances, require an 

 undergraduate to reside eight full weeks in each 

 term (counting Easter and Trinity as one term) 

 i.e. twenty-four weeks in the year. 



The imiiili'T of undergraduates is now much too 

 large to lie accommodated within the walls of the 

 colleges, and most colleges have undergraduates 



Dot* of 

 Foundation. 



University College ( Unlr.) ? 1-249 



St Edmund Hall ? 1280 



BaliU.l College ? 1208 



Merlon College 1274 



Exeter College 1314 



Oriel College 1326 



St Mary Hall ( in 1896 incor. with Oriel ) 1333 



OCI-,.,I'H College 1340 



New College 1379 



Lincoln College 1429 



All Souls College 1437 



M.i^lalen College 1458 



Brasenose College (B.N.C.) 1509 



Corpus Christ! College (C C.C.) 1M6 



Christ Church (Ch. Ch.). 1546 



Trinity College 1554 



8t John's College 15.i5 



Jews College 1571 



Wadham College 1618 



Pembroke College 1624 



Worcester Collie 1714 



Noti -ml legate Student* 1888 



Keble College 1870 



Hertf.ml College 1874 



Charley's ( Private) Hall 



Turrell'( Private) Hall..... 



In this table it must be noted that in the column 

 of commoners none are reckoned who matriculated 

 before 1886, and that to ascertain the number of 

 commoners in actual residence about five per cent, 

 must be struck off the numbers given. At Merton 

 College the scholars are called 'postmasters,' at 

 Magihilen College, 'demies.' At Christ Church 

 the fellows are called ' students," and until 1877 

 the scholars were called 'junior students.' Christ 

 Church, being a cathedral as well as a college, 

 lias also an ecclesiastical foundation of six canons. 



Oxford in fortunate in having been described from 

 the points of view of its different interests in several 

 attractive handbooks : Kev. C. W. Boase's Oxford City, 

 in the 'Historic Towns' series (Longmans, 1887); I>r 

 Bnxlrick's History of the University of Oxford, in the 

 ' Epochs of Church History ' series ( Longmans, 1880 ) ; 

 Kev. E. Marshall's Oxford Diocese, in the ' Diocesan His- 



residing outside the college in lodgings in the town. 

 They are still, however, strictly under the control 

 of the university and the college. ( 1 ) No under- 

 graduate is allowed to lodge in a house nor with 

 a landlord who has not been licensed by the uni- 

 versity, a provision which partially guards against 

 unsanitary lodgings and overt scandalous conduct, 

 but immensely increases the expense of lodgings ; 

 (2) if the undergraduate goes out or comes in after 

 10 P.M. the fact is supposed to be noted in the 

 'gate bill ' which the landlord has to send weekly 

 to the college. In October 1890 there were resid- 

 ing in lodgings 637 undergraduate members of the 

 colleges and halls and 211 non-collegiate students. 



Since 1868 there has been in Oxford a body of 

 students not members of any college or hall, styled 

 formerly 'unattached students,' but latterly 'non- 

 collegiate students.' These reside in licensed lodg- 

 ings ; have a building provided by the university in 

 which they attend lectures and meet their tutors ; 

 are under the disciplinary control of a censor, as 

 the students of a college are under the control of 

 their dean ; and are supervised by a board of dele- 

 gates, in the same way as the students of a college 

 are by the head and fellows of their college. Under 

 a statute of 1882 it is possible for a meniber of con- 

 vocation to open a ' a private hall,' of which he is 

 the 'licensed master,' for the reception of academ- 

 ical students. These private halls act chiefly as a 

 limbo to which, in preference to leaving the 

 university altogether, students who have been 

 rejected by or ejected from the colleges betake 

 themselves. 



The number and disposition of the fellows 

 and undergraduate members of the university in 

 1891 are shown in the following table : 



309 



No. of 

 Behulan. 



17 



27 

 18 

 26 

 16 



34 

 S3 



18 



SO 

 26 

 27 

 45 

 20 

 26 

 19 

 18 

 26 

 16 



13 



494 



No. of 



Exhibitioners, ic. 

 14 



32 



10 

 12 



6 



1 

 88 

 13 

 12 



4 



16 

 20 



7 



45 

 15 



13 



10 



293 



No. of 

 Commoners. 



70 



35 

 130 



94 

 104 



68 



22 



48 

 185 



67 



1 



119 



75 



46 

 181 

 129 



68 



62 



68 



35 



79 

 225 

 100 



44 



31 



^ 



2144 



tones' series (S.P.C.K. 1882); and The College* of Ox- 

 ford : their ffittorv and Traditions, edited by A. Clark 

 ( Methuen, 1891 ). Messrs Parker's Handbook for Oxford 

 is an admirable guide to the architectural features of the 

 city ; and in Andrew Lang's Oxford : Brief Historical and 

 Descriptive Notes ( 1885 ; new ed. 1890 ) a charming present- 

 ment of Oxford is given both by writer and artists. A 

 manual of the studies of the university is furnished by 

 J. Wells in his Oxford and Oxford Life ( Methuen ). 

 A full account of Oxford, civic, ecclesiastical, academic, 

 collegiate, personal, up to the end of 17th century, will 

 be found in the various works of the great Oxford anti- 

 quary, Anthony Wood, in the following editionshis 

 History of the University and of the Colleges and Halls, 

 by J. Gutch (1780-96); his Athena and fasti, by Dr 

 Bliss (1813-20; a new edition of these is in preparation); 

 his City of Oxford, by A. Clark ( 1889 seqq.). From the 

 time of Wood the formal annals of the university become 

 of little interest and very little importance. The interest 

 of books about Oxlord rather lies in the diaries which 



