r.oi 



PAGODA 



PAINTED LADY 



Tanjore lias a perpemlicular part two uteri in 

 height, H2 feet M|II:IIO, and alwvc that thirteen 

 Atones, forming an elongated pyramid almtit 100 

 feet high. Tin 1 ba-semcnt section is simple in nut- 

 linen, but ailiirnril by niches anil pilasters ; the 

 pvramidal |Hirticm is somewhat elaborately sculp- 

 tured; and the whole is crowned by a dome (said 

 to eiiiisi.-t nf a single -tone), which livings the total 

 height to 190 feet. The temple stands in one of 

 two great courtyards, and in the same court stand 

 several small shrines, one of which is go beautifully 

 carved as to rival in interest the great temple. 



Pagoda at Tanjore. 



The date of the latter is not certainly known, but 

 is with much probability referred to the beginning; 

 of the 14th century. The no-called 'Thousand 

 Pagodas 'of I tram hanan (q.v.) in Java are obviously 

 modelled on lliihhi originals, cither .Iain or liuii- 

 dhist. The Burmese pagodas are described and 



illustrated at 

 Vol. II. ]>. 

 565. The 

 term is als.i 

 loosrly ap- 

 plied to the 

 Chinese Inn, 



or tapering 

 lower, of 

 which the 

 most famous 

 was the I'or- 

 eelain Tower 



of Nanking, 



described at 

 Vol. III. p. 



186. This 

 was erected 

 in the Itegin- 

 ntng of the 

 15th cent my ; 

 only nine of 

 the proposed 

 thirteen 

 stories, cased 

 in white \x>r- 

 celain, ere 



completed, and the height never exceeded al>out 



'IW feet. It MM- ,1, -troyed by the Taipings in 1856. 



das have seven, nine, or thirteen 



storied, the more numerous second-class ones 



: Pagoda of Thirteen Stories. 



usually three or the. Pagixlas ore occasionally 

 -till elected sometimes of iron. 



I'uliailK. or I'AKAN'i;, a Malay and Mo-lcni 

 state on the east coast of the M.il,i\ I'eniusula, 

 iss; Ml under British protection and con- 

 nected with the Straits Settlements (q.v.). 1'nliaiig 

 ha- an area of I O.IK HI sij. miles, and a imp. of 57,4t>2. 

 The capital i- 1'ekan on the I'ahaug Ifiver. 



Palilanitiir. See P.U.ANPUB. 



Paine. THOMAS, dei-tical and radical writer, 

 wan born at Thetford in Norfolk on '.".lib January 

 ITS", the son of an ex-Quaker stay-maker. He him- 

 self ha<l by turns been stay maker and marine, school - 

 master, exciseman, and toli.ici-i.ni-i, bad marii'd 

 twice, losing his lirst wife, and -non divorcing the 

 Bcconil, when in 1774. with introductions from 

 Franklin, he sailed for Philadelphia. ( In 1st .lanu- 

 ary 1776 appeared his pamphlet I'tuuiiHm . s 

 which argued simply but strongly for complete 

 independence, and which in Washington's \v 

 ' worked a powerful change in the minds of many 

 men.' His Crisis, a twelvemonth later, gave the 

 battle-cry, 'These are the times that try men's 

 souls,' for the Americans' lirst victory at Trenton, 

 where Paine himself was serving as a private ; and 

 congress rewarded him with the post of Secretary 

 to the Committee of Foreign Allans. lie lost that 

 post in 17711 for divulging state secrets, but was 

 appointed clerk of the Pennsylvania legislature, 

 and in 17iS-~> received from congress g3(XXl and the 

 confiscated farm of New Uochelle. In 1787 he 

 returned, by Paris, to England, where in 1791-912 

 he published Tfic Hiijlit.1 nf' Mini, the most famous 

 of all the replies to Uiirke's lic/ln-timm njm/i fix- 

 h'ri'iirli Hfi'iiliitiini. The work, of which a million 

 and a half copies were sold in Knghind alone, 

 involved many in heavy penalties ; Thomas Muir, 

 for instance, for circulating it got fourteen years' 

 transportation. Paine, however, had slipped oil' to 

 Paris, having lieen elected bv the department of 

 Pas-de-Calais its deputy to the National Conven- 

 tion. Here he voted with the Girondists, and at 

 l.ouis XVI. ' trial he 'alone,' says Madame de 

 Stael, 'proposed what would have done Fiance 

 honour the offer to the king of an asylum in 

 Ameiiea.' Me thereby oli'endcd the Itnhespicrre 

 faction, and in 1704 was thrown into prison ; just 

 Iwfore his arrest having written part i. of Tin 

 <tf Hfini'ii, against Atheism and against ( 'hristianily, 

 and in favour of Deism. Part ii. appeared in IT! 1 "), 

 and a norlion of part iii. in 1807. Tlie hook alien- 

 ated \\ ashingion and most of his old friends ; and it 

 \va- not till after an imprisonment of eleven monl hs 

 that he was released and restored to hi- scat in the 

 Convention. He liecainc, however, disgusted \vilh 

 Kieneh politic-, a n. I occupied himself ehiell v with the 

 study of finance, till in IWrJ he returned to America 

 in a ship placed at bis service by President .lell'ersoii. 

 He, lied at New York Sth .lu in- 1SIKI. Thc-loii..s 

 about bis Intemperance wen' greatly exaggerated. 

 Ill ISl'.l his IMUICS were removed by Cohbelt , ( i|. v. ) 

 from New HiH'hellc to Kngland ; their v\ -hereabouts 

 since 1X17 is Unknown, 'Paine'- ignorance,' sa\ s 

 Leslie Sti'phi'ii, ' was vast and hi- language brutal ; 

 but he had the gift of a true demagogue the 

 power of wielding a line vigorous English.' 



The completcst edition <if his works is tlint by Mctnlum 

 (3vol* Boston, 1850); of hia numerous biographies may 

 ! nii-ntioiii'il tlnisc liy ' I-'rancis OMys' (i.o. Gi 

 Clmlmern, 17'.'!}, clie.-ili.-iT,, !:,ckman (1S1P, 



s-h.rwu, I1SHM, V:,lc (IM1), and Blanchanl (ICMh. 

 Pc n' ^t. j.lii-n's ll'fl'irii nf Knrilitli Tin 



in tlir f:\nlilK n/h 1'iniiirii { ISKdj ; BTT articl,' l.y Moncure 

 1 1. Ci.nway in tlic Fortnightly fr March \*7'>; and 

 Alger's EnfflMmcn in the French Jlrto/ution ( IKs'.i ). 



Pnins and Pennltles. See ATTAINDER. 

 Painted Lady. See BUTTERFLY, II. 589. 



