702 



PAISIELLO 



PALEOGRAPHY 



rAnmo/ojr* WO B.C, white-lead of thi. .Uu- 

 hai been found at Atheiu; 1388 A.D., Indian ink pre- 

 pared in China a> now; 1360-1400, true fraeo uaed in 

 Italy; ISOO.oil-naintini fenenJly adopted ; 1710, Pruuian 

 Mue diKovpml hy Diribacb of Merlin ; 17X7, *>o white 

 mnnied by Ouutt..i. ,,f Dijon ; 18O2. Thtnanl dinonrrn 

 cobalt blue ; 1814, ditcorery of emerald c rarn ; 1X14. Bret 

 duwuvery of eiiftenoe of artificial ultramarine, and priic 

 oflrred (or it- manufacture won afterward* won by Guiin.-t 

 of Lyuni ; 1814, cappch bruwn found on Lord Auillt-y'i 

 tate ; 1817, oadmium discovered by Strumeyer : 1834, 

 une white pre|iarv<l by Winsor and Newton u Chi new 

 white ; KM, iluoorery of cun.miuin green by Pannetiur 

 and llinct; 1S.V), water-^lau painting introduced. Of 

 the U'n cl<.iin chown fur |-riii.un-iiOD in Hr.>feor 

 Chnrch'i mtricted palette iix hare been dueuvvrud 

 during the 19th century. 



BIBLI<X;KAPHT. Va<ari, Lim of the Painter* (18.10); 

 Lanii, Hirinry of l'.,,,,i,ny (1X47); Blanc, Hittoirt del 

 im (n.d.1; Ku-.-lrr. H<in-lt*wk. llnl,;n SaftMla 

 with Eartlake's addition. 1 1X74 I. an.l H.,wUx>->t, Oermaa, 

 Flrmttk, :! Dnltk .-**,,/,, rrwodelled by Waawn. n- 

 written by Crowe (1X74): Carel ran Mander, The Boot 

 of fainlm ; \Voltmum and Wovnnaiin, History of Paint- 

 t;;. edited by S. Colrin (1880); Cunningham, RritM 

 Pamtm, lited by Mm Heaton ( 1879); MunU, La Prt- 

 turtrart <le la Rrnaiaaxet (1882). Raphael el ton Ttmj* 

 ( 1K86). and Huloire dr FArt pendant la Renaimanee (5 



Mr* Hetton, Albrerht Ditrer' (\'0) and Lionardo da 

 Finn ( 1874 ) ; Scott, Life of Diirer ( 1869 ) ; Gilbert, Land- 

 teape I'M Art before Ctaute and Salrator ( 1X85); Ford, 

 Hand!*** f,,r S,,,in ll-WJ): Clement, Michel An,,e, 

 Leonard de Vinei, Raphael ( 18C7 ) ; ManU, Holbein ( 1X?J ) 

 and Boueker ( 1880); Froiuentm, Let MaStret d'Autrefoit 

 ( 187G) ; Rmkin, Modern Painteri (1843-00) ; Wedmore, 

 Tne Maitrrt ../ <i. <>r< j.nntitvj (1XXO) ami Studiet in 

 Knylitk Art (1876); I'oynU-r, Leeturet on Art (1X79); 

 Atkinson, Wnlfni fifhuolt of Art in Germany (1880); 

 Cullii-r. A Manual of Oil-painting (1X80) and A Primer 

 of Art I 1XS-J.; Church, The Chrmittry of PainU and 

 Paintinp (1X90); Mprelli, Italian Painfrrt (applying 

 new methoiU for aolving problemi u to the nutbeiitK-ity 

 of -old muter. ; ' trails 1892 I ; B. Quilter, Preference! 

 (1892); U. Moore, Mu-lern Paintin, (1X93); W. C. 

 lirownell, /Vow* Art (1894); K. Mntlur, HM^y cf 

 Miidrm Painting (S vola. ; trana. 1894-9U ). See fuitlu'r 

 th article* in thu work on the greater painter* DUKKR, 

 L>.VAKIM> l>A VlNl'l, MlfHELANUKU>, RAPHAEL, TITIAN, 

 TtHNEK, and the rent; that on Hi SKIN ;B|BO those on AHT, 

 FWWOO, iHPBEsalOMHH, riUHKNTM, TKIi-RAPHAKLITItiH 

 BCXAIIMAXI-K, ROMA.VTK ISJI, WATEK-tX)UJfK, *C, 



Palftlrllo, CH.VAXM (1741 !8l6),aNea|iolitan 

 com|Mer. Ik-sides more than ninety O|MTOH (in- 

 cluding a Ihirbierc di Scciglia), Paixiello composed 

 over a hundred masses, reqiuetiis, and cantatas. 



I'aislo. a maiiufactiiring town of Keiifrew- 

 "hire, stand- on the White Cart. .'( miles above iU 

 inllux to the Clvdc, 7 WSW. of (ilaxgow and 16 



niix o tii- *, S. o Clan^ow and 16 



JE. of (;r.-.-iH~-k. Altlioijxli coiiiiuonlv iilrnlilic,! 

 With tlii- I'dii-liiHiii or I'uitti-tfiirii of I'lolcniy, 

 wliird Slii-iio plaocH rnther at Lndou Hill in 



. it fitut w hcanl of rvrtaiiily almut II .17 

 an I'lutelrtk, a famtmtem of \\'nlU-r Kit/jil,m, the 

 InM Si'i.uixli anctwtor of tin- nival Sti-wartn (q.v ) 

 II -ix Y<-ar later founded here a Cliijfiiiac priorv. 

 wliidi wamlwlicalwl to SS. .J,u,i.-, Mirin, ami Mil' 

 MM ami lii<-li in 1210 wax rainnl to (lie rank of 

 an aliU-y. It a lnirni-.l l.y ll- Kn^li-li in l.'tii; : 

 iiBernl i ...... h at the Kt'foriiuttion in Ififll, anil 



Mill mom hy milmmiuent vamlalixni ; ami now i^ 

 MMMM rhii-lly l.y the aUI.nl DiToiaUil n,,vi. 

 (l.'.th .-.nlnry : the AliU-y paricli rhun-h, n--.(.in-.| 

 nice 1802), ami l.y tl ..... I,.,,.. -I of St .Mirin, rallml 



NUdlai Aid*' (1480), with the altnr-toiul. 

 of Marjory llrun.. Near the al.hey arc ntatm-K of 

 >\il-m the enttOOtogtel ami Taiinahill, who, like 

 PMHHf Wilwm ( r ChlirtOpher North'), were 

 nativ of 1'aii.ley. Tlu-re are also fine Matuen of 

 George A, Clark, foumlt-r of the town-hall, anil 

 (inrol80l ) of Sir IM-i ua TbomM CoMM. Mother- 

 well and Alexander Smith were reoiUeuU; and the 



latter deacriboH tin. town well in Alfred Iltignrft 

 Hutufliolil. Klilerxlie, 2 miles W., U the tradi- 

 tional liirili|.liicc of Wallace. 



The public olilin-s include the inuniri|ial 

 (formerly miinty) boildillgl (1818); new .|i.-iiir 

 court-hout-e ( IHS,', i ; the line ( 'lark town hall, Italian 

 in style, an.l l.nilt in IST'.t ,s-J at a ro>t of fl KI.INN) ; 

 the new county l>iiildin;: ( ls!l i. containiii^ one of 

 the finest council halls in Scotland : the Coats free 

 library and museum ( 1871 ), with a picture ^alli-ry 

 and an olmervatory ; the grammar-school ( 1576 ; 

 rel.tiilt 1864); ami the Neilsmi educational institu- 

 tion (1832). The Coate Memorial Itupii-i Church 

 (I8!M) is. it is claimed, the finest ecclesiasti. :il 

 exlifice built in Scotland since the Uefumiation, 

 having cost 100,000. The Fountain Ciurden* 

 (1868), the llrrxlie Park (1877), and St James's 

 Park, round which is the racecourse, have an area 

 respectively of 6, 22, and 40 acres. 



The linen, lawn, ami silk-gauze industries, im- 

 portant daring the 18th century, are now extinct ; 

 as, too, are the ' Paisley shawls,' so celebrated 

 between 1805, and the middle of the century, their 

 sale sometimes exceeding 1,000,000 per annum. 

 The manufacture of linen sewing-thread, intro- 

 duced in IT'22 by the witcli-denoiim-er Christian 

 Shaw of llargarran, has been nearly mpenadad 

 since 1812 by that of cotton thread, which has 

 assumed gigantic proportions, the two principal 

 linns now employing about 10,000 hands bet\vii 

 them. There are also works for dyeing, bleaching, 

 tartans, woollen shawls, carpets, distilling and 

 brewing, chemicals, starch, corn-flour, preserves, 

 engineering, &c., besides shipbuilding \ai.ls. The 

 Cart since 1786 has lieen rendered' navigable, 

 it" water-way lieing finally deepened to 18 feet 

 in 1888-90; and water-works (183490) furnish 

 6,000,000 gallons per diem to Paisley and .lohn- 

 stone. Paisley was made a free burgh of barony 

 in 1488, the fourth centenary of that event in 1888 

 being graced by the presence of Queen Victoria, 

 who afterwards placet! a memorial of the Stewarts 

 in the ruined choir of the ahl>y. Since IKM it has 

 returned one membei to parliament. In 1843 the 

 corporation had to suspend payment, nor was the 

 barvb clear of debt until 1877. Pop. ( 1801 ) 24,324 ; 

 (1841)48,125; (1881)55,627; (1891)64,379. 



S'ee Cosmo Innes' Reyittrum Monatterii de Patteiet 

 IMaitland Club, 1832), two works by Semple (1872 74), 

 Dr Cameron Lce' Abl*y of Paitlev (1878), and Robert 

 Brown's Hittury of Paitley (2 vol*. 1886). 



Pakhol, a HeajMirt of China, opened to foreign 

 trade in 1876, stands on the northern shore of the 

 < inlf of Tongldng. The harlx.nr is shallow. Trade 

 does not flourish. The ini|K>rUt cottons, woollens, 

 opium, rice average 809,700 per annum ; the 

 exports tin, sugar, indigo, aniseed, hides, ground- 

 nut oil 229,700. Pop. 25,000. 



Palnoky, FRANCIS, a Bohemian historian, was 

 born 14th .lime I7!I8, at Hodoslavitz, in Moravia, 

 and studied at Presburg and Vienna. In 1829 he 

 was appointed historiographer of liohcmia, and was 

 charged to write a History of the Bull ,,, 1'mnle 

 to 1SS6 (5 vols. 1836-67), which ap|icarcd in Wli 

 German and Bohemian) it is one of the greatest 

 literary works in the Bohemian tongue, and 

 nationalist through and through. Palacky took 

 part in the political agitation of 1848, and 

 was the lender of the Slav or national i.arty as 

 opposed to the German at the Diet of the Kremler. 



Betide* his great History he published works deal- 

 ing with the Hussite period, ami with Schnfarik 

 edited The Oldest Memorials of the li<,l<rmi<m 

 /.immune (1840). He died 26th June 1876 at 

 Prague. 



PnliroKrnphy is the science which deals with 

 ancient manuscripts, teaching us not only to 



