712 



PALERMO 



PALESTINE 



Frederick II., mill in tin- crypt tlie tomliK of the 

 :.-hl.i-h..i>-. Other* to be named an- tin- eliajiel 

 (1143) iu tlie nival |>olacc, with MgnUeWit 

 mosaics; ill" N.irman hall, in the name pile ; mnl 

 Uu- ohiiii-li. s >( Mart i it ana (with line mosaics), St 

 John of lli.- II. -nulls | II :{'.. an. I St Ciiluldo : and 

 the iiian-ins ! Xi/n, Cuba, La Favnra, ami Mini 



all ont-ide the city. There an- close upon 



ruindi.-.l chinches ami .-h.i|N-l- in Palermo. 

 The royal |lace, built liy lin^.-i I., i- prin.-ipally 

 ill Spanish construction; in it Pia//i MtabluhM 

 hi- oli-orvntory. The otlicr public huildinx* 

 arrhbihop's palace, town house, law- coin IH, uni- 

 . . arsenal, A.'-. <lo not call for |unti>-ular 

 inriitiiin. The university (1447) ban 70 teachers 

 and 1100 student-*, with schools of engineering, 

 fine arts, conveyancing, &c. There are also a 

 national museum, tin- town library il77">l with 

 141.000 voK ami 'Jojo MSS . ami' tin- national 

 Hhrary (1804) with 110.000 vols. and 1-J.ono MSS. 

 Ir.dtisiry i- little developed ; machinery, essem-.-*, 

 sumach, tiiinciv, iron fouinlinx, liooks. Cloves, anil 

 h.>es lopiesi-nt alimi-t the only blanches, lint 

 Palcnnii i- an iinjxntant seaport, with a lar^c, 

 though not jjroHinx, trade. Oranxon, lemons, 

 dried fruits. sumach, tartar, grain, nils, manna, 

 sulphur, wiiK-, anininl produce, ami lemon juice 

 arc the principal ex|>ort*i, ami average l,4."i7,70O 

 per a -.1111111. The imports grain nml vegetables, 

 cottons ami woollens, coals, li^e stock, iron, timlx-r, 

 gTocorie-, silk, hides, |x'trolciim, machinery, lini'ii, 



. ami glassware fell from t'l.4:<!l,~>l.~> in 



I>s7 to 7:t-'.li!7 in IS89. The hulk of thi- Undo 



i* with Cie.it Miitain, France, and the I'liilcd 



There is :il-o a coasting trade im|nirtN, 



from :t to 3} million* sterling ; e\|>ort, alxint 1 



million Merlin^. Some :C>oo vessvU of |,-_>IKI,(KKI 



tons ent''i i-\ rrv year, an average of 430,000 ton 



ln-iiiy Itritisli 'iiiiil asTi.OOO tons Italian. I'op. 



J7ti,000. The lirst we know of 1'alermo, 



i-ient I'-innriHiis. is that it w.-is a I'liimirian 

 city, and the stninxhold of Carthage in Sirily. It 

 wan en<|ticn-d -u,-,-. i\.-ly liy I'yrrlms ( - J7(i It.i'.), 

 I H.c. ), the'Vaiidals (440 A.I). ), 

 ({liKiriux (O.Vi), the SaracenH (S.T>), the 1'i-ans 

 (liHLti, ami the Norman* from Apulia (1071). 

 Henceforward it wn- the capital of the kin^'ilom 

 of Sirily (i).v.), lirst of the Norman kin^'ilom, 

 tln-ti of that of the An^'i'iins ami their Spanish 



micremoni. It Hiill'ered severely fi .11 llii|iiakes 



in Itm.'J, 1720, ainl ISi.l. Tin- e'ity r.-\olte,l against 



irlin kiiij;* of Naples in |'s-jti Jin ,l |^ 

 was fr-,l from ih.-n, in ls(K) liy ( iarihaldi. lint 



in'ii it lia* iM.en only a provim-ial eapitnl. 

 Tho/.i- I'.-ilermo lui* an area of ISWosn. m. 



and n |-p. ( !M.-.)of silt, 765. 



8M the excellent gunk-hook of OU Fell ; Mono, f)e- 



. scl.ulirint 



i*-*. r./^fr. -:0);Sprill|jl-r. Mill, I- 



rwojISOM); Holm. *tu,l,i ,lj 



,-uiKii. Ilirioriral Kaaji* 



VM - ! (l.s'.u |. 



I'alrsliiir. I. ll.xl'.rii. The name of Palest in,, 

 i- mi i'liiHiiation ,,t tin- part taken for the whole. 

 In the rona of M.tsi-s i |'.VN|. xv. 14) sorrow- falls 

 njmn Pallet in:i. ami amaxeinent II|M>II K-lom at tlie 

 niinin^ of l-ra.-l. P.il.-stii,,. a~ to MOH,.-< as it was 

 afterw.-uiN to tsainh ami to Jool, to IleiiHlotnn, to 

 the (iri-ek*. tin- Kt;\ptian, and the Aiwyriami, to 

 .l,,-..|,|ni, in,, | (o .liTf>iip-. simply the Plain of 

 Pliili-tia. the l.road slip of enaot inlmliiteil liy the 

 Philistine*. Milton n--.lii.-t- the wonl to this 

 *"ne. The rountry ha re<-ei\...l vaiions names :l t 

 dillerrnt times, with all of whieh we are familiar. 

 It h.i l-'en rallnt ('nnnnn, or the l.an.l .if Canaan, 

 ml Minplv, tin- I.Jin.l of Israel, (hi, l.an.l of 

 I'rotiiiw. ami the Holy I,an<l, a name which, in th.- 

 words of QuarcKiniiu, ' though of later date than 



the i i-t. yet in excellency and dignity surpasses 

 them all.' 



The nations inhabiting this country at the time 

 of the Comjin t were, according to tiie list gener- 

 ally given, six in number. A seventh nation is 

 a.ided in one or two lists. These nations were the 

 Canaanites. the Hi\ it.-s, the Ilittites, the Amorit.-, 

 the Peri//ites, and the Jcbusites. The seventh 



were the (iirgiLshites. The CanaanitM low- 

 lamlei-s'- occupied the country cast and west of 

 the highlands that is to say, the seaboard and the 

 valley of the .Ionian ; the Ilittites, a branch of the 

 great kingdom whose extent and history are only 

 now beginning to ! ii-eoveied, dxxelt in what was 

 aflerwaids Jinhea. the Unites in Samaria, the 

 Poriy/ito- ill Galilee, the Amoiile.* in the north, 

 the Jebiisites in and around Jerusalem. Of the 

 GirgHshit.-s nothing is known. Other tribes there 

 we;.- those of Moab, Ammoii, Midian. and Idiom 

 on the east of Jordan, all of Semitic descent ; the 

 tall races Kephaim, Zitzim, and Anakini; the 

 Ilorim caye-d w oilers ; and there were the Aniale- 

 kites, who defended the mountain passes near 

 Sinai, and the Philistines, of Kgyptian origin; in 

 later times they were called Ohercthitos. and at this 

 day there is a village in Philistia called Kcretiya. 



The flood of conquest Killed over these tribes. 

 When the invaders had settled down within the 

 Ixiumlaries allotted to them, we lind them lighting 

 for their new possessions, being driven back in con- 

 solidating their position. The conquered people 

 were now here exterminated : the Jcbusites held 

 their own in Jerusalem, the Amorite- in Kphraim; 

 the Philistines took and lost and retook (la/a ami 

 Ascalon. There are many who regard the fellaheen 

 of modern Syria as the direct descendants of the 

 Pcii//ito, the Amoiite, and the Hivito. 



Hoxv long the Israelite tribal distinctions xvcre 

 kept up it is diflicnlt to say. We lind them strongly 

 marked in the early history, but they grow fainter 

 in the later looks. It is not without significance 

 that Solomon's twelve provinces corresponded 

 mainly with the twelve tubes. During the term 

 covered by the llook of Judges and part of Samuel 

 there was no capital city and no central authoiity. 

 The religious centre was shifted ; the ark rested at 

 Shiloli, at Nob, at Gihoon, and at Itethel. Jeru- 

 salem became the capital of David and Solomon, 

 but on the foundation of the northern kingdom 

 Shechem. Til/ah, and Samaria became succes-sively 

 its capital. 



When the Jews returned from the creat Captivity 

 they occupied a tei ritorv extending from Jerusalem 

 in the north to K.-.-i-h. ba in the south, ami from 

 Jericho in the east to Laohish in the west. The 

 Philistines remained in undisturbed possession of 

 their lands; the Iduma-ans were driven back to 

 their d.sei Is ; on the north were the hostile Samari- 

 i. 



The Mncciibean struggle for independence a 

 pait of hist,, ry which limls fexv students, yet a 

 struggle heroic in its conduct and stupendous in 

 its n-siilt- i.ieserxed the natiotia I exist, nee. That 

 tin ie wen- Jews in the time of Herod, that there 

 are Jews still, is due to the heroism of the 

 immortal brother-. 



The kingdom of HOI-IK] the Great covered the 

 whole country divided into tribes by Joshua, xxith 

 the exception of a small portion in the south we-t 

 and the trilx' of Asher in the north. West of 

 Jot. Ian it contained (ialilee. a province nnknoxvn 

 by that name to the Old Testament: Samaria, 

 also unknown lx-fore the Captivity; Jmhea and 

 Idiimiea : east of the Jordan it contained 1'onea, 

 Ganlonitb. Amanitis, and Trachonitis the ten 

 cities nf the Decaixdis belonged partly to Peia-a 

 and partly to Gaiilonitis. Of those province! the 

 n.o-t t. -i tile and the most densely populated was 



