770 



I'AKKKK 



her death in 1840. Txx.iof Park's sons joined the 

 Indian army ; TlioniM, the second wm. ]N-rishcd 

 in tnrtac to MMtnftl tin- mvsteiv nf hi- fathei's 

 death. Park's narrative-, which arc well liit.-n. 

 have i'Hi;. 1 held their place :iiiniii-_--i tin' 

 travel, mi. I are of tin inconsiderable value, par- 

 ticularly for tin- lixht which they throw u|x>n the 

 social ami dome-tic life <if tin- IM-IIM-H, anil on 

 tin 1 Ixitaiiy iiiul meteorology of the regions lliiou^h 

 which lie IMUUMI! ; lint he was unfortunately rut nil 



U'fi.le he liild achieved the X"""' ''" f I 1 '* " 



plorations the discovery of tiie course if the Nij.'cr 

 i| .v.|. I'.-uk xvas tall Hiul n. l.ii-i. iiiul possessed of 

 great hardihood ami muscular vigour. ' For actual 

 hardships undergone,' xvriles Joseph Thomson, 'for 

 dan-ids facial, ami dillicnlties merc.ime. together 

 with an exliil.itioii of tlie \iitue- which make a 

 m.iii jjrcat in the ind" battle of life, Mungo Park 

 stands without a rival.' 



See the Life bjr Wishaw, prefixed to Journal (1806), 

 and Joseph Thomson's .!/.; I'nrk (1890). 



Pnrker. Sin HVOK (i;:i IS07), a Hritish 



admiral, of a Devonshire family distinguished lioth 

 In -fore anil after him in the naval service of the 

 country, nerved in the American war ami in the 

 \\.-t Imlies. ami in isiil was a|>]ioin1eil to the 

 chief command of the Heel which was sent lo the 

 Baltic to act against the armed coalition of the 

 thre- northern state- of lln ia. Sweden, and Den- 

 mark. He had no share in the liattle of Co|>eii- 

 hajien, in which Nelson en;ja;;ed contrary to liis 

 !) lint hy his ap|icarancc before Carlskrona 

 be compelled the neutrality of Sweden; and 

 he was on the point of sailing for Cronstadt 

 when the news of the Emperor Paul's death put an 

 end to hostilities. 



Parker, JOSEPH, a popular preacher and 

 author, the win of a stone-cutter, was lorn at 

 He\ham, 9th April 1S.'H>, and like Spur^eon liegan 

 to preach in early youth. He stinlic.l at Moorfleldg 

 Tabernacle and Dmreraity College, London (1832), 

 WOK ordained pa-tor of the Congregational Church, 

 Banliury ( 1S53), and Itecame minister of the Cavon- 

 di-h Street Church. .Manchester (1858), and of 

 Poultry Chapel, l,ondon (1869), now City Temple 

 (opened 1X74 i. He visited the t'niled Stales in 

 Iss- and leceived the degree of 1 ). 1 1. from Chicago 

 I'liner-ity. As a preacher he is strong and vigor- 

 oii-. with a splendid command of racy Knglish ; he 

 ha* not iinfre.|iienlly posed as an oracle on political 

 Mill ecclesiastical subject-. 



He hu published Hrlpt lo Truth-trrkm (1867), oontro- 

 Ttnial ducoune* with secularist* at open-air nuttings; 

 X<-ff Htut (1*W; 6th cd. 187), being a reply t.. 

 // I/ ''rum (1870); City Tem^e i un>,u ( Isil!) 



'fhr,,n ]!<<] s.'i; Anatolic L%fe(Sto\t. 

 : r.;,J r 't 'Pra _wr-liJt I IK*!} ; but lib mort ambi- 

 ti.Mi. work in hiii I'mplri RilJe, 'dioimne u|ion Holy 

 turc. forming a pa-t.-ral ouinmenUrr,' of which the 

 volume, tirurti*. a|.|H-arvd in 1RH5. Se Tgne 

 n,,l r..ir/,iii/;(ni-we.l. 1889). 



I'nrki-r, M \TTHKW, the second Protestant 



Ardiliishop of Cantfi-hury, was Inirn win of a 

 |eii-r at Norwich. Anxust ti, I.ViJ. studied nt 

 Hi|el and Corpus Christ i College. ( 'am 

 hrid^e. t<Nik orderx. and wan elected to a fellow, 

 ship. He wa- an arduous olndent of the Scripture* 

 and of church history, yet. in spite of his strong 

 leaning to the pa-t. fnini nn early |>crii>d he wan 

 isl I iy the new diM'trines. In l.'..'U he was 

 |.|Hiinl<sl chaplain to the (|iiecn Anne Itoleyn, and 

 soon after he ..I. lain.. I the deanery of the college 

 of St John the llapli-t at Stoke" near Clan- in 

 Sullidk. Heio he liviil mainly till \'A't, his re- 

 (irin^tcinjMT tinilinj; pleasure enough in his studies 

 and the ailmini-tralion of the college. In 1638 he 

 was rnsati-d I>. !., next a royal chaplain and canon 

 of Ely, and in 1544 mauler of Corpus Christi Col- 



. Canihrid^'e, and the year after vice chancellor 

 of the university. Two years later lie mariicd. 

 He was presented liy Kdward VI. to the deaiieiy 

 iiicoln and the preU-nd of Cnirin^hain, hut on 

 the accession of Man he resigned his nia-tership 

 and was deprived of his preferments, finding -alctv. 

 however, in stiict retiicmcnt. The accession 'of 

 Klizaheth called him from his ieiiivm.>nt, and he 

 a.- coiuecratml Archhi-hop of Canlerhiiry in the 

 chapel at Ijvmlx'th. DeccmlMT 17. l.VV.i. Tlie 

 lidiculoiis fahle almut the informality of the 

 nn in x i- iliscn.sse.1 under the head of the \ 

 Hi-ad Conse<-ratiiin. 



During his lifteen years' primacy Parker strove 

 to define more clearly the limits of lM-liet and dis- 

 cipline. and to lirinx alnmt more general conformity. 

 The Thirty nine Articles were passed hy eonxo.-a- 

 tiou in I."i(i2, and four years later the arcbUtbop 

 issued his 'Advertisements' for the regulation of 

 service, which, with the measures of icpre ion 

 perhaps forcexl upon him )>y the imperious <|in . n, 

 provoked ^reat opi.osition in the ranks of the grow- 

 ing Puritan party. To Parker l0on^- the merit 

 of ori''inatin},' the reviseil translation of the Scrip- 

 Hire- known a- the l!i.-hops' I'.il.lc. Hi- wife died 

 in August I."i7". Her on one occasion Kli/aheth 

 insulted at Lomlieth with the words, Minium I 

 may not cull yon, and Hiixlrrxn 1 am loath to call 

 you : hoxvever, I thank you for your good clu 

 1'arkei -die.1 17th May 1575. 



Parker did much for our native annala, but his methods 

 as an editor have not commended tlu-insi-lvcs to in...li rn 

 licholars. He edited JJIfric's Ani/ln-Siutim //.. , i//i, t.. 

 prove that tranauhstantintion was not the doctrine of 

 the ancient English church ; the Floret Higtoriarvm, as 

 the work of an assumed Matthew of Wc-tniinstcr ; the 

 HMiria Major of Matthew Paris, the Hi florin Anii/i- 

 rnna of Walsinsham. Asser's Gntn .i:ifr,<li. :m.i the 

 Itiiirrarium of Giraldus Cambrensis. Tin- l>r Krridio 

 liritannitK of Gildas was edited under his eye l.y Jos- 

 H-lin. Ho waa an indefatigable collector of liooks, and 

 the greater part of the treasures lie hail amassed he 

 bequeathed to Corpus ( liri-ti t'nlK-ge. This collectinn 

 Kuiler called 'the sun of English antiquity l.ifure it 

 was eclipsi-d by that of Hr 1'obert Cotton.' Parker cM:ib- 

 li-hid a tcri'iilorium at Ijonhvth, where he maintained 

 printers, transcribers, engravers. His original xvritings 

 are inconsiderable, the chief licing a Latin treatise, Ife 

 Antii/iiihltr JirittiHiiiftt KccUtUt it I'ricttf'i 

 Ciniluarieniii (1572|. His letters till a Tohune ( 1868) 

 in the publications of the J'arker Society, a fitting 

 memorial of the book -loving archbishop. The Society 

 published from 18-11 till its dissolution m is:>:t as many 

 as fifty-three volumes of the works of Ridley, llul'l, 

 (ininlul, Ilixiper, Cranmer, Coveniale, Latinu r. .Ie.l. 

 T\ ndale, lliillmger, \Vhitgift, Rogers, and other fathers of 

 tin- KiiKlish Reformation. For Parker's life, see tlie Life 

 and A,-lf l.y iStrype (3 vols. Oxfoixl, 1824) ; also Hook's 

 Livet of the Arc/Mihoia of Canterbury, voL ix. ( l.s?L' I. 



Parker, THK<>IM)RE, a preat American preacher, 

 was IMIIII at Lexington. Massachusetts, Anoii.-t 

 24, IMKI. Hi- otandfatlier held a command 

 at Lexington, his father was an intelligent I'ni- 

 tariau farmer and xvheelxvri^ht. He graduated 

 at the Divinity School at llaivard in ls:tii. and 

 settled the year after as rnitarian minister at 

 \\.--t Koxhury, noxv a part of Huston. The 

 naturalistic or rationalistic views which separated 

 him from the more conservative portion of the 

 I'nitaiians first attracted wide- notice in an oidi- 

 nation sermon on The Trtttixitiit umi /'irtniiiiint 

 in i'/irii,liiiiiitii ils-41). The contest which an.-e 

 on the anti siiperii.-itnralism of this discourse led 

 him to further develop his theological views in 

 I'm- Koston lectures, published under the title of A 



nf Mutin-x /:,,-tnhihiij to Kcligioti ( 1H4I ), 



which xv an folloxved hy StTHMHU for the, Ti'imx. 

 Failing health induced him to make nn extended 

 tour in Kuro|H>. In 1844 he returned to America, 

 and for the remainder of his life preached to a 



