792 





TASSAC 



Cap.- Ciioin-z (q.v.). The soil w fertile, mostly 

 under cultivation. and .iteied by innn.-i.ni> xli.nl 

 rivers. tlio majority of which an' navigahl" ami 

 conm-cu-d by canals. The coast- line is SO mile* in 

 length, anil the shores an- in certain |iart low and 

 nandy. The climate in exceedingly in.-oiistant. 

 Fishing is actively carried on, |>.irticularly in the 

 neighbourhood of Boulogne. Coal. iron, anil other 

 minerals ore raised and worked, HI.. I < ..... siderahle 

 quantities of turf are cut. The industrial c-tnU 

 lishincntit are niniifiou- ami iui|Hii taut, an iron 

 foundries, beet-root sugar factories, glass-works, 

 (lotteries. tanneries, ami other*. Boulogne ami 

 Calais are tin- principal harbours. There are nix 

 iirrondisM-nienlM Arrow, Belhune, St (liner, St 

 Pol, Boulogne, ami Montreuil. The capital is 



See OOAT. 



. a town of Prussia, 20 miles liy rail 

 WN\V. of Stettin, has varied industries. It was 

 plundered ainl Ininied three times by the Ini|>eri.-ilists 

 in the Thirty Years' War, hv the Pules in 1(^7, 

 and hy the Russians in 1713. " Pop. 95U. 



Pasha' (sjwlt also i>nrha anil hnnfiitir), a title, 

 i from the Persian, Used in tlie Ottoman 

 empire, ami applied to governors of provinces, or 

 military and naval coninmnders of high rank. The 

 title was limited in the early ]>ri(xl of the Otto- 

 mpire to the prince-. of tlie blood, hut was 

 MbMfMOtty extended to great officers of the 

 empire. The three grades of pashas used to lc 

 distinguished liy the niiinlNT of the horse-tails 

 three. t\vo, or one iMirne lie fore them its their 

 sliimlards. This antique system was alxdished hy 

 Mithmud II.. hut the three ranks still survive. 

 Every general is tj-iiffii-m a pasha, so is every vali 

 or governor of a iirovince. The Sheikh ill- (slam, 

 " 'I ..... thcr hand, is never a pasha, hut onlv an 

 elfendi. 



l':iskr>llcli. IVAN FKoimnoviTni, Count of 



Erhan and Prince of Warsaw, a Russian field 



marshal, was horn at Poltava, May 111, 17S2. He 



WM educated in the school of pages. entered the 



army, served against the French in the campaign 



in I MI;,, which was ended hy the defeat of Austcr- 



\\\i, and afterwards against the Turks. Then he 



took' a pr ..... inent part in the rampnign of Isl-J, 



illy in the liattlcs of Smolensk, Borodino, 



I^-ip/ig, and in the capture of Paris. In is-.'ii he 



ppointcd commander in-chief against the 



Of, whom he completely defeated, conquer- 



isian Armenia, taking Krivan, and ending 



i hy a peace ( I8'2s i e\cei-<lingly favoiirahle to 



In n-co|iip,.||-e for these heniccs he was 



i Count of Krivan, and r<>ceived a grant of 

 lMii.miO. In is-.'s and lv..l he made two cum- 

 against the Turks in A-ia, tinik Kars, 

 BmrAm. and other f..nic-ses. and terminated the 

 war hy the lieaty .,| A'lrianoph- in Is-Jtl. In 18,'M 

 ! .upprexNc<l the rising in Poland hy capturing 



>, and \van mnde governor of the L...I, 

 <|twd country. Tiid-r his nile Poland was 



.lelinitivclv tneorporatd as Russian terri- 

 toiy. When the Hungarians txKik up arms in IMS 

 Paxkevitch was MMit to the a.>-j-.tance of Anstiiu. 

 and, after defeating the llungariatm in -"\ir.il 

 Iwllles, OOBpalUd (Jiirgei to surrender at Vilagiw 

 In IS..M he ,,H,k command of the Kussian 

 army on th- D.-inuU-; hut fortune, which had 

 hitherto invarialdy smih-il ii|Min him, di"<ert<il him 

 at Silistria. where he was wounded. Thereupon 

 he resign'- I tl ..... omman.l. retired to Warsaw, and 



1'ehruarv IH.V1. See l.iie hy T,,Utoi (Paris, 

 IH.-J.-I i, and 8tcherUU>ir (St Peternlmrg, 1888), 

 l)lh in Freni-li. 



Paxque Flower. See PULSATILLA. 



nn anonymous or pseudonymous 

 puhlication of small si/e, Mimetimes piinted, M.IIM- 

 times only poste.l up or circulated in manuscript, 

 and having for its ohject the defamation of a char- 

 acter, or at least the turning of a pei-un to ridicule. 

 The name is derived from J'KXI/IIIIIH, a tailor 

 remarkahle fur his wit and sarcastic hiiiiiuui. h 

 live<l in Koine towards the close of tin- l.'itli ceniiirv. 

 and attracted many to his -hop hy his sharp and 

 lively sa> ings. S ..... e time after his death a mini 

 latisl fragment of an ancient statue, considered to 

 represent Menelaiis supporting the dead IMK!\ o| 

 Patrovlus, was dug up opposite his simp, 'and 

 placed at the end of the liiasehi Palace, near the 

 Piazza Navoni. It was named after the defunct 

 tailor, and the practice oiiginati-.! of allixing to it 

 placards containing satires and je>ts relative to the 

 atlairsof the day the pope ami the cardinals Keing 

 favourite victims of the invisihle satirists. See a 

 French monograph hy Mary l.al'on (Vid ed. 1 



Passage, HIHDSOF. See limri, Vol. II. j,. 17-2. 



Passaglla, CARLO, a Catholic theologinn, was 

 liorn of liumhle parents at Lucca, '2il May 1SI2, was 

 trained a Jesuit, and in 1844 hec.-une piofessor in 

 the Collegio Komaiio. He -as eminent alike for 

 his learning and eloquence. During the tiouhloiis 

 times of 1S41I .">! he taught in a Jesuit college in 

 F.ngland. In 1 s.V> he puhlished an clalxiratc treatise 

 on the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, hut 

 ere long he resigned his chair, und in 18,">!), leaving 

 the Society of tlie Jesuits, entered warmly into the 

 discussions as to the teni|Hiral power of the |>|ie, 

 and wrote a famous pamphlet, Pro Cattsu Jlii/ica 

 <ii/ Ejiiscopoi Italiiuios. The result was that he had 

 to withdraw to Turin, where he edited the 



tore and became professor of Moral Philosophy. 

 At Turin he died, 12th March 1887. 



Passaic, a city of New Jersey, on the Passaic 

 River, II miles by rail N\\". of Jersey City. 

 It ha- foundries and print-works, and manuiactmi - 

 woollens and shoddy, whips, india-mblter, chemicals, 

 &c. Pop. (18801 6j3:> ; (1890) 13,028 ; (1900) '_'7,777. 



Piissamacinoddy Buy. in North America, 



opens out of tlie Hay of Fiindy, at the mouth of 

 the St Croix River, hctwccii Maine and New 

 Brunswick. It is 15 miles long hy 10 wide, and 

 .-hut in hy a cluster of islands so as to form nu 

 excellent harlxmr. 



Passarowitz, or more correctly POSIIARK- 

 WATZ, a town of Servia, 9 miles S of the Danulw 

 and 40 SE. of Belgrade. 1'op. JI394. Here was 

 signed, July 21, 1718, the treaty between Venice 

 ami the emperor, on the one side, anil the Porte 

 on the other, hy which a truce of twenty-five years 

 was established, and the l!anat of T'-mi--\ar, the 

 western jHirtion of Wallachia and Servia. I'.elgrade, 

 and part of Bosnia were secured to Austria. 



I'assail, a town of Bavaria, stands on a rocky 

 tongue of land, on the right hank of the Danube, 

 beside the inlliix of the Inn, and opposite the con- 

 fluence of the Hz With the Danube. I lose to the 

 frontier of Austria, and 7'2 miles by rail SI., of 

 Ratishon. The city ]iro|H-r is connected vitli 

 suhurlw on the other side of the Inn and the 

 Danulx' by means of iron bridges; and picturesque 

 hills encircle the whole town. The cathedral was 

 rebuilt after a tire in 16SO; the bishop's palace is 

 now in part converted into public oliices. The 

 11 Agreement lictwecn the Human Catholic and 



Protestant estates of 1 1 mpire was signed here on 



J!lth .Inly and l.'iih August I.Vi'2. Passaii was long 

 an important fortified |xist, Ix-ing hxiked U]xin as 

 the key of the Danube in that part of its com .-. 

 There were t wo strong citadels, one dating from 7-'i7, 

 the other from 1215-19, besides other fortified works, 

 The town grew up around an old Roman camp, 



