794 



PVSSION MTSIC 



PASSPORT 



it mve into not in-. In Isl'J it -ivim-d a footini; in 

 Kll^lllllil. whose conversion had l-ccn tin- folimlel V 

 sj.cci.ll llilll. Illlil ill which then-ail- llo\v live houses; 



then- arc two in Ireland mill one ill Scotland. The 

 Anieiican pi mince, IM-JIIIH ill IS.VJ. ininilicrKhetwccn 

 one and two hundred religions houses. Then- aie 

 many PosMonist fathers in Bulgaria ami Hoiiiuania, 

 in Belgium ami New South Wales. 



Passion M ii-if. See <>i; \ i . .1:10, lUcit 

 ria>. See Minims. 

 -Wl'ek. the name ooininon'y efivcn in 

 totteweek immediately precedinn Raster, 

 nnd otherwise called Holy \Veek (<|.v. ). lint, liy 

 tli> ]-ro|>er rubrical iisa^e, P.is-inii \\ eek is that 

 which precede* Holy Week, commencine; on Pas-ion 

 Sunday, the liftli Sunday of l.fiit. Inlhf Honian 

 Catholic Church, with tiiis Sumlay Ix-^ins the more 

 solemn l>arl of Lent, ami liming the MMMndillg 

 fortnight the (Uuritt I'nli-i is omitted at the Introii. 

 ami all pictures, crucifixes, stntiie.s, and other 

 sacred representations an- veiled. 



r.-isslvc Ohrilirnrp. See DIVINE RIGHT, 



15'IHIN, l-'ll.MKi:. 



l':is>o vT, a well-known feast of the Jews. The 



Knylish word //(iwovHsa translation of the Hebrew 

 . whicli in Aramaic with the ]>ost.|>ositi\e 

 article becomes jaixrhn ; whence the Creek, Latin, 

 ami various Koinanre forms of the word. The 

 original menniii^ of the verli may |H-rhapH lie traced 

 ill I Kings, xviji. '-'il, when- it is rendered 'leap' or 

 (revised version margin) 'limp,' and Mimesis a 

 religions dance. The root occurs in Tiphsah ( 1 

 iv. :>4lor Tha)isacns, an ini|Hirtant ford or 

 feny over the Kuphratcs. The Pas-over is one of 

 the oldest recurrent sari iticcs of the llehrews ; an 

 account of its origin is -jivi-n in Kxod. xii. ; famous 

 celebrations of it are de-cribcd in -2 Chron. \xx., 

 x\\v., and Kzra vi. ; and the laws and regulations 

 relating to it will In- found in Kxod. xii. 1 Til, \iii. 

 3-1(1, xxiii. 14 Hi, x\\iv. is _>(;, |,,. v . xxiii. 4-14, 

 Niiinh. ix. I 14. xxviii. Hi -.Vi, lleat. xvi. 1-8. 

 i i.i\\s were formerly held to lie all practically 

 i-oiit*-ni|Kirary pieces of legislation ; lint they are 

 now known to IM- of very various dates and to 

 relate to widely different religious ami si>cial con- 

 ditions | I'KNTATKIVin. In all of them the 



I'assmer is intimately tissiM-iatttl with the Feast of 

 I'nleavened I'.rcad: hut the latter i essentially an 

 n^iiciiltnral festival, ami the earliest origin of the 

 i -T iini-l doiilillr 1- s,,,i^ht in the times 



when the Istaelitc- wen- siill a purely nomadic and 

 paxtonil |>eople, ami j;ave religions expression to 

 their thanUfiiliiess I'or (lie annual increase of their 

 ll'K'ks and herds In sitcrilices of the liistlinjp of 

 the Hock and the fallings thereof (Cen. iv. 4). 

 The lecollection of such an annual festival, which 

 would naturally lit- held in spring, survives in tin- 

 .leliovUtic naiiali\e 1.1" the events preceding the 

 extxliin, which largely turned on the refusal of 

 I'haraoh to allow the people to ^o out into the 

 wilderness to sacrilice. It wan, we infer, a 

 ILK tin mil lunar least, hdil at the uprinn full 

 moon, ami this chaiaeter it retained throagUOUt; 

 isletl of the lirstlin^s of the lliM'U and of 



the Ill-id, ami CVen a late a the close of the 7th 



ccnlnry H.r. the victim M;LS not n<-> aiily a Inmh 



( l'iit.' \%i. l> : i-f. 2 Chron. x\x\. 7 : ' lanihs, kids, 

 Imllorks'). \Yillitheteltlenienl of the Israelites 

 as mi av-ricultuial people in ('aniuin, the agricultural 

 is, marking the various stages of harvest and 

 ingathering, nalnrally piincd in prominence, and 

 the pa.st<irnl PnwHi\er came to In- more and more 

 closely us-Mciaied with a harvest feast which also 

 fell iii spring that of unleavvned hread when 

 nfter the preM-ntatioii of the li;st she. if hefore 

 lehovah the people cnteicd at once ii|Min the enjoy- 

 ment of the new corn, without wailing for the 



tedious proceRs uf leavening their tloii^h. The 

 usages ot the various local and domestic sanctiiariex 

 in the land were made uniform (Heut. xii. 1-16) 

 liy the prciniul^ation of the law of one excli;si\e 

 p)wv <>l worship. Of siilisei|iient modifications 

 made on the Denteronomic code hy the I'litstly 

 legislation the most interesting perhaps are the 

 stricter ddinition of the kind of victim, the snli- 

 slit ut ion of roasting for ' iMiilinp ' i see Heut. x\i. 7, 

 revined version margin ), and the interpolation of an 

 additional day into the accompanying least i Ment. 

 xvi. including the Pas-over in the se\en day- of 

 unleavened hread, while NnmLcis xxviii. count* 

 the seven days from the l.'ith, not the 14th, of the 

 month). 



The celebration of the Passover in later times 

 had public and official aspects which were in- 

 vested occasionally at least with ".real pomp and 

 ceieniony, as may he gathered from the description.s 

 alreadv referred to in Chronicles and K/ra : hut, 

 just lilce -ireat ecclesiastical functions in our own 

 day. it also had its piivate nnd domestic side. From 

 Talimnlie sources we gather a <;ooil deal that i- of 

 interest as to Passover customs in connection with 

 the life of .lesns and the last supper. The com- 

 pany for a single lamb varied from ten to twenty ; 

 liist the cnp of consecration, over which the muster 

 of the house had pronounced a hlessinj:. wits drunk ; 

 then hands were washed ami the meal served, con- 

 si-tin^ of Litter herbs, cakes of unleavened bread, 

 usance called AH rum I h, made from dates, raisins, 

 and vinepir, the paschal lamb, and the Mesh of sub. 

 sidiary I 1 'euteronomic ) sacrifices. The master of 

 the house dipped a morsel of unleavened bread 

 into the haroseth, and ate it. and a similar 'sop' 

 was };iven to every one present. Afterwards the 



lamb was eaten, nnd three other cups of 

 wine were drunk at intervals with thank.s^ii ' 

 and singing of the Halle] i Psalms exiii. cxviii.i. 

 To the Jews of the I li-ncrsion the Passover, 

 together with the l-'east of I'nleavened Hread, has 

 always had "jreat importance, though the lamb, 

 not bein^' slain at the Temple, is not regarded as 

 strictly the paschal lamb of the law. 



That the paschal lamb typified Christ is taught 

 by Paul ( I Cor. v. 7), and also by the author of the 

 fourth gospel (.John, xix. ,')(ii, who. as is well 

 known, represents the crucifixion as having taken 

 place at the time of the Passover, anil attaches 

 importance to the fact. 



For the history of the Passover ia its lx:<riin:s on Old 

 Tentanient criticism, see AVcllliai. / /.-;-..(' 



( 1886 ), Dr W. H. Green's Hel,r, F . 'M \. York. 1886), 

 anil other works cited under I'KMMIMH iu..l P.IBLK. 

 For latrr .Icwisli practice, sec I!;ul<'' J!ab~ 



Initial or Iltxleliscliatz's Kirchlichf \'< /''ii.^ini;i i/< r ./ 



I'JISSOW. Klt.xN/. scholar, born at l.ildw ie-ln-i 

 in Meeklenbnr^. 'Jllth September 17S(i. was educated 

 at (iotha and I,eip/i^', and in IM.'i became pro- 

 I' or of Areha-oloxy at lireslan, in 18'JI) director 

 also of the museum of art there. He died lllh 

 March IH.'CI. Hi- lliimttr,,,-t,-rlnt.-li ill i- >ii-i,i-liixi'li<'n 

 Xiirm-lir (|sl! -J|; .-,th ed. Isll ;,7 I is the woi k 

 tnat pretterves his nieniory, and formed the I 

 of l.iddell and Scott'- I ;,;!/. I.,., ,,..,/. See his I. lie 

 by Waehler I liiesl. 1839). 



l*Jl-.s|>rt, 11 warrant of protection and pennis- 

 sion to travel, ^ranted by the proper authority, to 

 pel -ons moving fr ..... place to place. Pa-spoits 

 are so ..... limes issued by the ministers ami consuls 

 of the country which I he t raveller intends to visit, 

 which cannot, however, be done without the con- 

 sent or connivance of the -tale of which the holder 

 of the instrument is a subject; they properly pro- 

 ceed fr ..... the authorities of the slate to which 

 the traveller belongs, and on^ht to bear the <<" 

 or eoiintersi^nature of the minister or consul of 

 the country which he is about to visit. In some 



