PATCHOULI 



PAT1.M- 



to May the Klicnnic, and nun' t<> liiilr tin' scnli," 

 Ac.; Rinl ill I lie Artifirui/ I'JitiHifrliiiif (lli.VI| 

 th-ic i- n woodcut shouin^ tin 1 lady of fashion, 

 wiih a cmcli, coarhman. IHH hoi si*,, and |>ostil lions 

 guiiim-d mi to her forehead, ami the nt of lirr 

 face ornamented \\itli n star, two en -cent . uiiil a 

 large tumid spot. In tin- -aim- vi-nr ( IU.VI) a Hill 

 against ' painting. Mack patches, and immodest 

 dream*' was read for the tir-i time. but got no 

 further. In vain were sermons pleached ; in vain 

 did MnrlittJi .titiiHirni. r T/i- .Vii / I'f.-lr. ill ItittO 

 reach the l.">tli edition : in vain did satiiisis a>~ail 

 the .MfliiiHori>hmit nf t'nir f-'m-rx tutu t'uitl IV 

 (tfiii/i. James 1.1; tin- scn-cless riistiiin wits still 

 ni- when ( 1712) l'n|' ilescrilieil aiming the t rcasures 

 of llclinda's toilet lahle ' Pull's. I'owders, 1'aichcs, 

 Hildes. IJilletdoux' (A'.i/* of the /../, i. I3S). 

 Attempts have Un made to revive the fashion, 

 lint without suceew. Se Fairholl's lli\l'iry uf 

 Urea and C'otliiinf in Kiiylnmt (2d oil. 1800). 



Fnlrhoilli. a perfume ileriveil fniiii the dried 

 liram lies of I'lfioxInn-iH /mlffiiiiili (natural order 



I.ahiat a- 1, lii-t iniiodu I into Britain ax an article 



of merchandise in I Ml. Tin 1 11.1111- i-< from the 

 Tamil fKitrhri, 'gum,' and flri, ' leaf.' The plant, 

 a low shrub 'JJ or :i feet high, i" a native of Silhet, 

 the Xlalav coast, Ceylon, Java, the neighlioiir- 

 hood of Itoniliav, and proluihly iiUo of China; 

 lint, owing l" the foiiilm-s nf Asiatics for the |HT- 

 fiinie wliirh il yields, it is dilliciilt to say where it 

 is native or cultivated. Kvery part of the plant 

 in odoriferous, lint the younger (Millions of the 

 branches with the leaves are chosen ; they are 

 usually almut 11 foot Inn;;. The odour is peculiar 

 and dilliciill to define, hut it has a slight resem- 

 blance to Handalwoo<l ; it is very powerful, and 

 to many p-i-oiis is extremely disagreeable. The 

 Mloiir of patchouli wits known in I'.mopc liefore 

 the material itIf was intriHlnced, in consei|iience 



of it.s Use in Cjtsli ie to scent theshals wiili a 



view of keeping out moths, which are aveise to il ; 

 hence the genuine CiLsiimeie shawls were known 

 liy their scent, until the Krench found the seciet, 

 and inijHirtetl the herh for use in the same way. 

 In India it i- nited ax an ingredient in fancy 

 toltaccos and itn a perfume fur the hair. It is 

 nl.so niiich pri/ed for keeping insects from linen 

 and woollen articles. The es>ence of patchouli is 

 a peculiar he.-u y luuwii oil, with a disa^reeulily 

 jMiuerlnl inlonr ; it is obtained hy distillation, and 

 require* extreme dilution for perfumery iuii| < 

 A CWt. of the plant \iehls alillt U'S n/.. oi the oil. 



The Aral* lielieve it to U- ellicaciou.s in preventing 

 contagion and prolonging life. 

 I'alflla. See KNKK, and LIMPET. 



I'alfll ( \Mt. fMifiHn. 'a dish '), a umall circular 

 plate emjdoycd for the wafers or Inead in tin- 

 eiichaii-lic service. It is always of the same 

 material an the chalice, often ijchly eluuietl or 



i. ami -iiidd l with pii-cimis stmicn. 



r.-llrnl 1l<-<li<-ill<-s. In |Nipnlar language 



this lelm i very loosely apjili-il; l'illg Used to 



include not only patent medicines Ktrictlv so calle<l, 

 1'iH also all piopiieiiiry medicines and all medicines 

 lialde to HtAinp duty. The e\ac( meaning of the 



technical phrase ' patent medicine ' has never I n 



defined hy a lejjal judgment, lint it is iilnm-t 



.in th.it it would onlv In- held to include such 

 medicines as are sold muter the authority of leit-is 

 patent (i.e. for which a patent has JH-CII taken 



out I. and thai it d not include other dutmhlo 



liHilicines. The numli-i of medicines for the mak- 

 ing of which patents have l-en taken mil in liritain 

 uparalivcly small, amounting only to ahout -j-Jii 

 articles Ix-twcen the yeais 1711 and ISS7, and most 

 of tln-seare no longer in use. Patented medicines, 



-fore, constitute only a very small proportion 



of those medicinal preparations which are liahle 

 to stamp duty. Medicines which are so liahle 

 emlirace a veiy wide calegoiy. A preparation to 

 IN' li ilile to stamp duty must IM; one which is to lie 

 I or nppliol eMernally or internally a- a 

 iin-iiicine or medicament for the prevention, cure, 

 or iclief of a disoider or complaint incident to or in 

 any \\ise atlecting the human IKH|V.' Then il IKH-I 

 also lie hniught under one of the following six 

 causes, which constitute liability to duty i I ' the 

 seller must have or claim to h.ne an occult scciet 

 or art for making or iireparing. or i - J i an I'xdnsive 

 li^ht or title to making or piepniing: or |3) it 

 ninst have lieen patenled ; or ( 4 > it must I.e. or 

 have IM-I-H, riM'ommcndiil to the puhlic as a ims. 

 trum ( Ijit. iinxlfi-, '0111 ') or proprietary medicine, 

 or (5) as a specific, or (6) as beneficial for the pre- 

 vention, cure, or relief of any disease. Any "m of 



tin-se entails liahility to stamp-duty independently 



of the others. 



All other medicines are exempt from stamp- 

 duty; that is to say, drugs the ' denominations, 

 properties, qualities, virtues, and eflicacies ' of 

 whicn are known and admitted in medicine, and in 

 the making or preparing of which no secret art or 

 exclusive light is claimed hy any person. Instru- 

 ments, electric and galvanic apparatus, liver pads, 

 and similar appliances, cigarettes, preparations 

 intended to he luirned and inhaled or used as 

 disinfectants, natural products, mineral waters, 

 lozenges and confectionery, articles of toilet and 

 ]K'ifiiniery, are all as a rule exempt from stamp- 

 duty unless under special circumstances. The first 

 tax on proprietary and secret medicines in (Jrent 

 liritain wa- imposed in \l*:i. \\ln n all persons who 

 sold medicines and who had not Keen lued as 

 doctors or apothecaries \\ ere rei|iiiied to take out a 

 license on which they paid stanipdnty, and in 

 addition nil rhn-< in stamp duties were imposed on 

 the medicines. It was estimated hy the then 

 Chancellor of the Bxclieqnet that the new tax 

 would yield 1.~>.<K)(> per annum. This net :is 

 amended two v ears httci.and \\:c- heen so altered 

 hy thirteen suhsei|iient arts that none of its 



original provisions now remain. The patent i li- 



cine stamp is a narrow laliel convenient for pasting 

 on to a liottle or hox. Such stamps me supplied 

 hy the commissioners of stamps, hut for an extra 

 payment any person may have the privilege of 

 baring stamps printed in the stamping department 

 ot Somerset House for his own exclusive u-e and on 

 his own forms. The (tamp affords no government 

 guarantee of purity; its piesenee on any hot lie or 

 package simply signifies that the dntv has 1,,-en 

 paid. The medicine must lie stamped before it is 

 sold either wholesale or retail, or for foreign or 

 home consumption. Medicines are not considered 

 liahle to duty as long as they remain in hulk, nor 

 aie samples disiiiliiited gratis liahle. The rales ,,f 



duty vary from IJd. on a package not e\c ling Is. 



in value to 11 on a package upwards of ,"i(ts. in 

 value. The vendors of dutialile medicines are 

 required to take out a yearly license, for which 

 they pay .V Penalties are enforced for any in- 

 fringement of the regulations. In 1SCO the medi- 

 cine stump duty yielded a revenue of 4.'t,(i!l2 : ill 

 I"i7(>. 7'2..Ti3; in' ISSO. I. !;,.: Mi ; the year ending 

 March :tl. IS!KI. it was f.'| 7 . Jli4 s .,. xi,,,^ ]/,/,, 

 ll"nl: nf Mnlii iiir Xt'Hil;, l>ntl/. 



I'nlents. In the widest sense of the term, a 

 patent is a royal grant made hy letters patent 

 [littera /mtmt's \ r open letters, 'so called Kecaiise 

 they aie n. it sealed up, hut exposed to open view, 

 vvitli the Cie.-it Seal (or a lawful substitute lor 

 the Creal Seal i 'pendent at the hottom; mid are 

 usually addressed hy the sovereign to all the suln 

 of the realm' ( I'lackstone). The principal giants 

 made by letters-patent are titles of honour, such a* 



