MM 



PATKH 



PATER-NOSTKIl 



article* manufactured according to hi* patent in 

 this anil other coiiiitriea witlmut forfeiture <>f his 

 rights. I'H > ini|Mirtation of nucli article* without 

 the penally of forfeiture is now allowed. (2) An 

 applicant for a patent in any one of tin- contracting 

 states nmy iilit.-iin protection fur tli<> same invention 

 here at any time \\itlnn seven months from (Ill- 

 date of his foreign a|i|ilirii(ion. Tin- subsequent 

 application i- mil, ,l,ilnl la the dale of tin- lirsl 

 application, anil is consequently not defeated liy 

 prior publication or n-i in tlie protected inicn.ii 

 I'lie working of thi* provision may l>e liest ex- 

 plained liy a simple illustration. A, a French in 

 ventor, applies for a |>atent in I'nri.s on l.-t ,liini> 

 1890. At any time within seven months from Unit 

 dat lie may apply to the English Patent < (Hire to 



{tin- same invention which he is patenting 

 n France, ami I/if Emiltxli n/i/i/irntiini, inul tin' 

 patent (jnnitnl t/irmnn/rr, nrf ilntfil /xir/. In the lit 

 of June. The result is Unit A may, for almost 

 sc\en months after his French application, puhlicly 

 use his invention in England with perfect safety. 

 No one can say that the patent ubsci|iiently 

 granted to him i- bad for want of novelty, l>ecanse 

 the patent ultimately Ix-ars the ilate of the 1st of 

 June, ami thus protects the period during which 

 he was using the invention in England. 



In connection with the International Convention 

 an inteniational ollice or htireau has lieen cstab- 

 lislied at Iterne in Swit/crland. Its expense- are 

 defrayeil hy the governments of all the contracting 

 states, and it puhlishes a monthly periodical 

 entitle<l /.< 1'i-noriitr Intiiutrielle, and devoted to 

 the interests of the union. The convention pro- 

 viil.-s for conferences lieing held successively in one 

 of the contracting states hy delegates from the said 

 states with a view to perfect the system of the 

 union. The first meeting took place at Rome in 

 April ami May ISS6. The number of applications 

 at the English Patent ((Mice for protection under 

 the convention amounted to twenty six in 1887 and 

 to seventy-one in 1888. 



In some countries, such as the United states 

 of America, the Patent Ollice ini|iiires strictly into 

 the novelty and utility of every invention sub- 

 mitted to it for protection. In others, such as 

 France and Turkey, there is no preliminary ex- 

 amination as to novelty or utility. Indeed, in 

 France the patentee, if he refer* to his title at 

 all, is obliged to add the words sans garantie 

 du jfouvemetnent or their initial letters, S.G.D.O. 

 In most European states a patentee is compelled 

 to ' work' his invention within a certain time pre- 

 scribed by law or limited in the grant ; lint this 

 regulation or exploitation law, as it is calli-il. is 

 usually enforced in i-.-i-i--.it' voluntary and unjustifi- 

 able inaction alone. In the Inited States i/rxii/nx 

 are patentablc, apparently with a view to tin- 

 encouragement of the decorative arts. In Swit/ei 

 land processes apparently cannot lie patent. -.1. 

 Hnssian patent law imposes restrictions on the 

 |mtent ing of inventions of war. 



See Carpiiuel'ii fatrnt IMVH of the World ( 1885), with 

 iU u|ipl<MiienU. piihlifthcil unili-r the auspice* of the 

 liwlitute nf I'at.-nt AeeiiU; I>ewii Kdinundii' law of 

 Patrntt ( 18110 1 ; W. C. Bobbnoo'l IMK of Patrntt ( :i vols. 

 1080); the KcporU <if the Purliann-nUry Comiuittcei 

 (18W-87); the Kc|rU nf tl.. <'<i<iiiniMionen of 1'ntcnU 

 (1862-tM), and hjr the Comptroller-general linoo 1HM. 

 See also COPYRIGHT, MONOPOLY, TBADK-MAKKH. 



Pater. WAI.TKR, was lK>rn in London. August 

 4, 1839, and educated at King's School. Cnntcr 

 biiry, and at Queen'- College, Oxford, taking a 

 clamical second class in 1862. He was electetl to 

 an open fellowship at BraMnose ; travelled in 

 Italy, France, and (ieriiiany ; and, Ixith by his 

 subtle critical insii.'lit and the exijuisite finish of 

 hi* style, cam. -I Ins rank among the beat prose- 



uriteis of his time. With a wise reticence he 

 hiisliamled hU mft, hence all his work maintains 

 the same high level of excellence. His books are 

 Stmlia in the History of the Renaiuance ( 1873), a 

 seriea of essays on art and letters, on such men 

 as Leonardo, Itolticelli, Joachim du Bellay, and 

 others, written in exquisitely modulated p:. 

 ith faint traces of a conscious daintiness, from 

 which he soon shook himself free; JHnrius I/if 

 Kfiiriirfini : liix ,s' .(/i;i.v unit Ittntx (ivols. 1885), 

 an imaginary biography of a young man brought 

 up in Unman paganism, who passes through vain-d 

 spiritual experiences, meets Marcus Atirelins him 

 self, and at last, shortly lief ore his unexpected 

 death, makes acquaintance with the mysterious 

 new eastern religion, yet without lieing profoundly 

 inlluenced by it; Imaginary Portraitt (1887) of 

 Watteau, Denys 1'Auxerrois, and others ; Apprt- 

 riniiinu (1889) of Charles Lamb, Wordsworth, 

 Coleridge, Kossetti, Sir Thomas Browne, Blake, 

 and of Style itself; Greek Studies (189."; .V,V 

 cellaneou* Studiet ( 1895) on Raphael, Pascal, North 

 Italian art, certain French cathedrals, with some 

 romantic tales ; and Gaston de Latour: An Un- 

 finished Romance (1896). From 1885 on, Pater 

 had a house in Kensington, and divided his time 

 between Oxford and London. He died 30th July 

 1894. See Gosse's Critical Kit-Kats ( 1896). 



Pater'cnlus, MARCUS VELLEIUS, lived from 

 about 19 B.C. to 31 A.D., and served as legate in 

 Germany. His Huttorue Romance is a compendium 

 of universal, but more particularly of Roman his 

 lory, in two Ixioks. The work, as we have it, is 

 not complete, the beginning, and a portion follow- 

 ing the 8th chapter, lieing wanting. The work is 

 slo\etily and stiperlicial, marred moreover by in- 

 Hated rhetoric as well as by ignorant errors. :ind 

 by fulsome flatteries of ( 'n-Mir. Augustus, and 

 Tilx'rius. The etlitio princrps appeared at liasel 

 in 1.V20. G<MM! editions are those of J. C. Orelli 

 (1835), F. Kritz( 1840-48), and C. Halm (1876). 



PsitT'ros were small pieces of ordnaiu-e, 

 now obsolete, worked on swivels; most commonly 

 used on Imard ships, where they were mounted on 

 the gunwale, and discharged showers of old nails, 

 &c. into hostile boats. 



Paterno. a town of Sicily, 11 miles NW. of 

 Catania, at the southern Iwse of Mount Etna. 

 Pop. 1.-./230. 



Pater-Xoster (Lat., 'Our Father'), called 

 also TIIK Lni:i>'s Pn.vvKK, a short form of prayer 

 suggested or prescriU-d by our Lord t<> his disci]iles 

 ( MatU vi. 9-13; Luke, xi. 2-4) as the model accord- 

 ing to which, in contrast with the prayers of the 

 Pharisees, their petitions ought to l>e framed. 

 The Pater-Noster has Iteen accepted as, by excel 

 lence, the form of Christian prayer. It formed part 

 of all the ancient liturgies, usually introduced with 

 a preface, and said lietween the consecration of 



the ele nts and the communion, except the so 



called Clementine liturgy, ill which it does not 

 appear at all, and the Abyssinian, in which it is 

 said. ;i- in the English, after the communion. Si 

 Gregory finally settled its place in the Unman 

 Mass, immediately after the Canon and Ix-fore 

 the fraction. Wliereos in the East it was said 

 by Ixith priest and people, in the Unman use it 

 was recited by the iiricst alone. The Catechism 

 of the Council of Trent contains a detailed ex- 

 pn-ition and commentary on it. and in all the 

 set \ices. not only of the Roman Miss.il, Hrcviary, 

 Hit mil. Processional, and Ordinal, but in all the 

 occasional services prescril>ed from time to time, 

 it is invariably introduced. In the Ma-sit is said 

 aloud, but in the Breviary secretly, or with at 

 most the first and concluding words said audibly. 

 In the Rosary of the Virgin Mary it is combined. 



