PATERSON 



PATMORE 



805 



with the Hail Mary (whence the larger beads of 

 the 'Rosary 'are sometimes called Pater-Noaters), 

 and perhaps the most usual of the shorter devotions 

 among Roman Catholics is the recitation of the 

 'Pater,' with one or more 'Ave Marias,' conclud- 

 ing with the Doxology. The Pater-Noster as 

 commonly used hy Protestants concludes with the 

 clause, ' for Thine is the kingdom, the power, and 

 the glory for ever [or, for ever and ever]. Amen,' 

 but this is wanting in the most ancient authorities. 

 This embolism or intercalated prayer occurs in all 

 the liturgies, Roman, Mozaraluc, Gallican, Greek, 

 Coptic, and Armenian. Of the two gospels that 

 of Matthew and that of Luke in which the prayer 

 is contained, that of Luke has not this clause ; and 

 even in the gospel of Matthew it is found only in 

 the later MSS., in whicli it cannot be doubted 

 that it is a modern interpolation. It was retained, 

 however, in Luther's German translation, in the 

 Prayer-book (original) version, and in the English 

 authorised version. In the revised version it is 

 omitted both in Matthew and Luke ; in Luke, 

 ' which art in heaven,' the whole of the third peti- 

 tion, and ' deliver us from evil ' are relegated to 

 the margin ; and in Matthew, 'deliver us from evil ' 

 is properly rendered 'deliver us from the evil one.' 



Many polyglot collections of the Pater-Noster have 

 been published from the 16th century downwards, the 

 most remarkable of which are those of John Chamber- 

 lay n in 150 languages (1715 ), of Conrad Gusner in 200 

 (1748), and that of Padre Hervaz in 307 (1787). There 

 re expositions of the Lord's Prayer by Driven, Chrys- 

 nstom, Gregory Nyssa, Cyprian, Luther, Leighton, and 

 Tholuck. See Moses Margolioutli, The Lords Prayer no 

 Adaptation of existing Jewiih Petitions (Loud. 1876). 



Paterson. capital of Passaic county, New 

 Jersey, is on the Passaic River (which here has a 

 perpendicular fall of 50 feet), and on the Morris 

 Canal (connecting it with the Delaware River), 15 

 miles by rail N\V. of New York City. It contains 

 several locomotive-works, an iron-forge and rolling- 

 mill, and numerous manufactories of cotton, paper, 

 and linen and woollen goods, &c. ; but chiefly it is 

 famous for its silk-factories. These considerably 

 exceed 100 in number, and have made Paterson 

 'the Lyons of America.' Pop. (1870) 33,579; 

 (1880) 51,031 ; (1890) 78,347; (1900) 105,171. 



Paterson, ROBERT, 'Old Mortality,' was 

 born near Hawick in 1712 or 1715, and served 

 his apprenticeship as a stone-mason to an elder 

 brother near Locnmaben. He married soon after 

 1740, and, renting a quarry for himself, took to 

 carrying gravestones into Galloway. From about 

 1758 he neglected to return to his wife and five 

 children, and for upwards of forty years devoted 

 himself to the task of repairing or erecting head- 

 ntones to Covenanting martyrs, wherever such had 

 been buried. So Joseph Train wrote to Scott, who 

 tells how about 1800 he himself met ' Old Mortal- 

 ity ' at Dunnottar, engaged ' in the usual business 

 of his pilgrimage.' From the old man's son, how- 

 ever, Train got a different story, without a hint of 

 Cameronian zeal. Paterson died at Bankend, 29th 

 January 1801, and was buried at Caerlaverock, 

 where a monument was erected to him by the Messrs 

 Black in 1869. 



See the Introduction ( 1830 ) to Old Mortality, and Dr 

 Crawford Tait Ramage's Drumlanriy Cattle and the 

 Dowjlasei (Dumfries, 1876). 



Paterson, WILLIAM, the greatest commercial 

 schemer of the 17th century, was, like Law, a 

 Scotchman, and was born at Skipmire farm in Tin- 

 wald parish, Dumfriesshire, in April 1658. HU early 

 career is obscure, but it appears that he carried a 

 pack through England, settled some time at Bristol, 

 next lived in the Bahamas, whether as preacher or 

 buccaneer, and here matured his famous Darien 

 Scheme. Returning to Europe, he promoted his 



scheme in London, Hamburg, Amsterdam, and 

 Berlin, made a fortune by commerce in London, 

 founded the Hampstead Water Company in 1690, 

 and projected the Bank of England, and was one 

 of its first directors in 1694. Paterson next went 

 to Edinburgh, and soon talked the whole nation 

 into his Darien Scheme. He sailed with the expedi- 

 tion in a private capacity, shared all its troubles, 

 and returned with its survivors a broken man, in 

 December 1699. But his energy remained unabated. 

 When in 1701 William resolved to carry the contest 

 with Louis XIV. into the heart of Spanish America, 

 Paterson was taken into the king's confidence, and 

 but for his death might have seen his dreams of 

 Darien realised. He had a considerable share in 

 promoting the union of Scotland with England, 

 and was elected to the first united parliament by 

 the Dumfries burghs. By a special act of parlia- 

 ment in 1715, he was awarded 18,241 as indemnity 

 for his losses by the Darien Scheme ; but he did 

 not live long to enjoy it, for he died on 22d January 

 1719. Paterson was no mere dreamer, but a far- 

 seeing financier, and a free-trader before free-trade 

 times. 



See DARIEN SCHEME; the Life of Paterson, by S. 

 Bannister (1858). editor of his Works (3 vols. 1859); 

 and W. Pagan's Birthplace and Parentage of W. Pater- 

 son (Edin. 1865). 



Pat turns. See AFGHANISTAN. 



Pathology (from the Gr. pathos, 'disease,' 

 and logos, 'a discourse') is that department of 

 medicine which treats of the doctrine of diseases, 

 their nature, causes, symptoms, and progress. 

 General pathology deals with disease or morbid 

 processes in general, and special pathology with 

 particular diseases. Pathology is also divided into 

 internal and external, and into medical and surgi- 

 cal. Pathology may be treated as falling into the 

 departments of nosology, ietiology, morbid anat- 

 omy or pathological anatomy, symptomatology, 

 and therapeutics. Humoral pathology was based 

 on the theory that all diseases were due to the 

 disordered condition of the humours and fluids of 

 the body. Cellular pathology, associated with the 

 name of Virchow, gives prominence to the action 

 of cells in the healthy and diseased functions of the 

 body. See ANATOMY, DISEASE, MEDICINE, PHYSI- 

 OLOGY, and the articles on the several diseases in 

 this work ; also works on pathology by Wilks and 

 Moxon(1875), Wagner (Eng. trans. 1876), Coats 

 (1883), Delafield and Prudden (New York, 1885), 

 Cornil and Ranvier ( trans. 1886), Woodhead (1885), 

 Ziegler (trans. 1883-86), Payne (1888), Hamilton 

 (1889), Kindrieisch (trans. 1885), Sutton (1886). 



Piltiala, a native state in the Punjab, India, 

 partly in the plain south of the Sutlej, partly 

 amongst the hills near Simla. Pop. ( 1891 ) 1 ,583,521 ; 

 area, 5887 so. m. The capital, also called Patiala, 

 has a pop. of ( 1891) 55,856. 



Patklll. See CHARLES XII. 



Pa tin ore, COVENTRY KEARSEY DEIGHTON, 

 poet, was born at Woodford in Essex, July 23, 

 1823, the son of P. G. Patmore, author of Literary 

 Reminiscences. He published a volume of Poems 

 in 1844, and three years later joined the staff of 

 librarians in the British Museum, where he re- 

 remained till 1868, when be purchased a small 

 estate in Sussex. Soon after he settled at Hast- 

 ings, where he built a large Catholic church. His 

 second volume of poems, Tamerton Church-tower, 

 &c. (1853), prepared the way for his greatest 

 work. The Angel in the House, an elaborate, 

 exquisite, and sincere poem of love from the 

 domestic side, which has had a great popularity, 

 but not beyond its deserts. It consists of four 

 parts, all included under the general title for the 

 first time in the edition of 1866 : The Betrothal 



