PATRICK 



PATRON 



aoeewful. He adopted the exjKNlient of addrem- 

 himself lir-l t.i the chiefs. ami of improving, 

 a* far M puMble, the spirit of clanship ami other 

 existing usage* of tin- Iri-h fur the furtherance f 

 bin preachiiix' : nor ran it lie doubted that he had 

 iniioh ocoem in Christianisjng the ancient Irish 

 in of In-lief and of practice. According to the 

 accounts of hU Iri-h biographers, lie founded 365 



churches and baptised with hU own haiul 

 persona. He is said also to have consecrated 450 

 iii^hnpM, ordained a vast number of priests, and to 

 Irnve Memed very many monks ami nun-. After 

 he had been some twenty years engaged in lii- 

 miioii:ir\ enterprise, he is said to have lixed his 

 see at Armagh about the year 4.'>4. where lie held 

 probably inure than one synod, the decrees of which 

 nave been a subject of much controversy, lie died 

 at Saul, the spot which Diclni had given him on lii- 

 first arrival, and wan buried at Uownpatrick. where 

 hU relics were preserved down to the period of the 

 Reformation. The place is still venerated by the 

 people. The date of his death is much ilispnt<><l, 

 the Hollandists placing it in 4ti(), while I'her holds 

 it to have been 493. Dr Todd inclines trongly lo 

 tip- latter opinion, ill which case Patrick's age 

 would have l>een quite 130. The only certainly 

 authentic literary remains of St Patrick are his 

 1 Confession ' and a letter, lioth of very rude Latin 

 itv, Inn of much historical interest. 'The letter is 

 addressed to Coroticns, \>\ some supposed to have 

 been a Welsh chieftain nameil Canuloc ( from whom 

 Cardigan is named), by others regarded n a ]>irate 

 chief from near Dumbarton ( W. Stokes ' Tripurtitt 

 Lift of St Piitrirk, Introd. p. c. ), who had made a 

 descent on the Irish coast, and slain or carried oil', 

 with circumstances of great cruelty, a number of 

 the Irish. many of whom were neophytes. These, 

 with some other remains ascribed to him, as also 

 decrees of synods, were published in \Yilkins' 

 Concilia, ana separately by Ware, (tf>ii.srnl,i ,s'. 

 Patrieii ( 16.">6). The Ifctok of Armagh is in MS. in 

 Trinity College, Dublin, dating' from the 8th 

 century. The copy in it of St Patrick's Confession 

 claims to have been made from St Patrick's auto- 

 graph. For this MS., see Stokes ' Celtic Ckurrh. 



A good biographr of St Patrick u that of the Rev. 

 J. H. Todd (Dublin, 1WMI; a more recent one is by 

 E. J. Newell (1890). The best and latent edition of all 

 the document* concerning St Patrick Dr WliitK-y 

 Stokw'a two rob. in the BolU erie ( 1887 ) styled the 

 Trifiartite Life of St Patrick, where every fragment 

 bearing upon nU hittory hai been indoitriouily gathered 

 and critioallv eitimated. Dr Whitlry Stokes ban there 

 printed the docnmenU from the Itook of Arniigh which 

 an the earlieit authentic notioo of the saint, and the 

 foundation upon which all later live* have been built. 



Patrick. SIMON, a learned English divine, 

 Inirn at <lainsl>orouKli in Lincolnshire, Nth Septem 

 lier 1628, was edocated at Queen's College, Cum 

 bridge, ami was successively rector of St null's, 

 ( 'n\ ent I inrden ( 1662), where he lalMiun-d heioically 

 tliiouxh the horrors of the (Irent Plague, Dean of 

 |VieiWounh (167), Bishop of Chich.-Kter ( 16H9) 

 an.l of Kly ( ItHIl ). He die,| M,iy 31. 1707 \ 



theologian no less devout than erudite, an 

 antic of wide sympathies ami large sagacity, he 

 established a soliii reputation Ky his excellent 

 sermons, of which may be -ele. !,! fur -.p|.,-j ; ,| men 

 tion that preached at the funeral of .Inhn Smith of 

 Cambridge, printed with Smith's Srhrt ninrnnrm; 

 hi- admirable if sometimpx prolix devotional and 

 expository treatises, some of which are still n-i.l . 

 and his sound and frequently reprinted paraphrases 

 and comtiicntjiric-. on the iii-torieal mid poetical 

 liooks of Scripture from (lene-i- to Canticles ( 10 

 roU. 1696-1710). Of theexj>ositor\ works may here 

 merely be named A Brirf Krf><aition of (hr '!',->, 

 (,'ommaiuimfnU and the LortTi Prayer, "The Parable 



of the Pilgrim*, The Heart's Ease, The Christian 

 .Sfi.-ri/ffe, Admte to a Friend, T/te Devout CMMtm 

 Inxtrurttd, and Jesus and the Resurrection Justified. 

 Hi- . I iilnliiityraphy was lirst printed at Oxford in 



1H3U, and U included in the < iplcu- Oxford 



Clarendon Preaa edition of hU works, edited by the 

 Kev. Alexander Taylor (9 vols. 1858). 



Patrick, THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS OROKK 

 <>K ST., a national order of knighthood for 

 Ireland, established by (ieorge III. on the 5th of 

 February 1783, and enlarged in 1833. It now 

 con-i-i- of the Sovereign, the Crand-ma.ster 

 (the lord-lieutenant of Ireland for the time being), 

 and twenty- 

 two Knights. 

 The Collar of the 

 order (of gold) 

 is composed of 

 roses alternating 

 with harps, tied 

 together with a 

 knot of gold, 

 the roses being 

 enamelled alter- 

 nately white 

 within red, and 

 red within white ; 

 and in the centre 

 is an imperial 

 down surmount- 

 ing a harp of 

 gold, from which 

 the liadge U sus- 

 pended. The 

 Badge or Jewel 

 is of gold, and 

 oval ; surround- 

 ing it is a wreath 

 of shamrock 

 proper on a gold 

 field ; within this 

 U a band of 

 sky lilue enamel 

 charged with the 

 motto of the 

 order, Quis SKPARABIT MDCCLXXXIII., in gold 

 letters; and within this band a -alt ire gules (the 

 cross of St Patrick), surmounted by a shamrock or 

 trefoil slipped vert, having on each of its leaves an 

 imperial crown or. The field of the cross is either 

 argent or pierced and left open. A sky-blue 

 J;I/>/XIH, worn over the right shoulder, sustains the 

 luulge when the collar is not worn. The Star, 

 worn on the left side, differs from the liadge only 

 in lieing circular in place of oval, and in substitut- 

 ing for the exterior wreath of shamrocks eight rays 

 of silver, four of which are larger than the other 

 four. The order is indicated by the initials K.P. 



Patripassians (Lat pater, 'father,' and 

 piustin, 'suffered'), a name given to one of the 

 earliest classes of anti-Trinitarian sectaries (2d 

 century), who, in maintaining the oneness of the 

 t iodlieail, were said by their enemies to Imlieve that , 

 as it was true to say that Jesus, in whom dwelt. 

 the Logos, or the Son, suffered, therefore it would 

 Iw true to say that the Father coffered. Their 

 principles are in the main the same with those of 



the Saliellians (q.V.). 



Patristic Literature. See FATHERS OF 



] 111: Ciiritrn. and separate articles. 



PatroHiis. Se<- ACHILLES. 



Patron (Lat. //rirr;iu, from pater, 'father'), 

 among the Romans originally signified a citizen 

 who ha<l dependents, who were called clients, 

 attached to him. IJcfore the time of the Laws of 

 the Twelve Tables, the most frequent use of the 

 term patron ut was in opposition to libertus, these 



Order of St Patrick. 



