8-j.s 



I'KAKI. 



PEARY 



all welded pearls ; and a temporary revival <>f the 

 industry took place in INflO anl nncceedin); year*. 

 In the United Stt.- th.- chief <\\'-\ |>earl hhery U 

 in tin- Little Miami, in Ohio; hut I'hiim it the 

 great headquarter* of the tnulf in river |*-arls. 



Falte pearU are made by blowing vciy thin heads 

 iir hullix of g\iu#, and pouring into th.-in it mixture 

 of li<|iiiii ammonia iiml the \\lut-- m.itti-i from tlit* 



of the Me.ik. and Koiiietinn <>f the roach 

 and dace. The scales of the lower p.m <>f the fish 

 are very carefully wanhed and put to oak in water, 

 when tin- |M-IT]\ liliu falln otf Hiul forms a sediment 

 at tin- lulu-mi nf the vessel, which is removed and 

 placed in liquid niiiinonia for future ue. This 

 pearl mixture, when of the liest quality, U MTV 

 costly, being an much ax t'4 or IVi per ounce. For 

 ue it i. diluted with aininonia, anil injecte<t into 

 tli>- ({law bead*, HO OH to thinly iiuit them inside; 

 attei wants tin- In-lter kind- lime nn-lt-<! white, wax 

 or mucilage of giini-aiahic [Hiiintl in. which renders 

 them iinn-li inon- durable. In this way are pro- 

 duce. I imitation* of tin- lim->i oriental pearl*, such 

 an only the practised eye can detect. The art of 

 giving the irregular form* of large pearl* to the 

 Khun hull* inoreii.se* the resemblance ; and the 

 ;_'hi--\ ap|H>arance canned )>y the exterior glass 

 coaling is removiil by ex|Hiniiig it for a short i-rii>d 

 to tin- action of the va|ur of hydrofluoric acid. 

 arc lighter, as they have the coating 

 of pearly matter on the oiit-i<l<-. 



See StraWi Ptarlt tmd Ptarliwi l.ifr (1886), and 

 KIIIU'I <lrnu and Preciout Stonet oj North America 

 ( New York. 1800 ). 



M-iriiKK UK I'KMII.. The shells of several 

 specie* of molluscous animals are |Mipularly known 

 as mother of |x-ail, those, for instaiu-e, of Avicula 

 macroptern an-1 of some species of llaliotis. To the 

 shells, however, of Arirulu (.Weleagriiui) nuiniitr- 

 itifera the term mother of |x-.-irl is pru|x-rly applied. 

 This ipecie* has a wiileilistiiluition in tropical -.,- 

 Macassar mot her of pearl, from hite ed^'eil shells, 

 b the moHt highly pn/c.l ; the Manilla ye!lo\\ cil^eil 

 shells are not much interior; ami the shells from 

 somi- parts of Australia ore also of a hi^li quality, 

 hut those from Sydney and Auckland are ot a HI ay 

 texture. The |M..nest shells come Irom I'anania. 

 My far the (jreatest supply of mother of |-ail is now 

 oil from the north and north-west ot Australia, 

 Vint larj.''- ijiiantities also art- olitained from the 

 stinit. Seal ....... iits. the Persimi (Inlf, and the 



islands of the Pacific. The total annual value of 

 what is ini|uirt>il into Kn^land i- U-twi-en '2.">0,000 

 and L':CIII.IKNI. lull much of this is -i-m to conti- 

 nental Knro|M-. 



The hln-ll of the lar^e pearl-oyster U thick, of 

 low growth, ami sometimes meiLsiireM nearly a foot 

 aero**. Until the Australian liidieries were com- 

 menced alxiut lsi>."> the supiily of niothei of |-arl 

 wait iliiiiinishiiix'. hile the demand for it was and 



in constantly iiicrea-in^. In France al>oiit 

 and in Austria -omi- SINK) |B-I.,III- nre employed in 

 working thin Miltatn-i- for parts of tine furniture, 

 inlaid-work, fans, tuition-. >\c. In Kn^land it is 

 nlw largely mad* into tuition*, cutlery linn 

 and ornament* for papier niftchc IMIXCN, iray. XT. ; 

 in China and Japan lacquer work luu< 



decoraled with mother of pearl. In Cashmere it is 

 lined for the in-criptions on gravestones ; ami lish 

 hook* are made of it in the South Sea Islands. 

 For the beautiful play of its colours, see li;i- 



. ! If ! M I.. 



Pearl Ashes. See POTASH. 



Pearl Powder. See BISMUTH. 



Peurxoil. .IniiN, a learned Knt-lish divine, was 

 IHUII -.Nth l-'ehruary 161-J, in the wnne year MS 

 Jeremy Taylor, at Great Sum in;;. Norfolk, tin- 

 son of the rector of that parish ami Archdeacon of 

 Sullolk. He wiut educated at Eton and at Queen s 

 and King's Colleges, Cambridge, ami liecaiiie 

 Fellow of the last in 1634. Five yeai.s later he 

 tiHik orders, and was collated to a preKeml in 

 Salisbury Cathedral. In 1040 he was appointed 

 chaplain to the lord keeper Finch, and soon utter 

 was presented to the rectory of Thorium-ton i M 

 Sullolk. In HMO be WU appointed pieacln-i al M 

 ('lement's, Kastcheap, London, and hen- in lti.V.l he 

 published his admirably learned and judicial 

 fin.Mti'itii iif'l/ir L'rceil. It was dedicated to his Hock, 

 to whom the suhstaiice of it had been preached 

 some years liefore in a series of discmn -i -. and it 

 i- ^till i-sti-eincil one of the very ablest works pm- 

 diic.il in the greatest age of Kn^lish then; 

 During the same year (lti.v.i| Pearson edited 

 (iiiMi'n Hini'iiH* nf t/ie l-.iii .Mi iiini-iililf Mr.lnliit 

 llnlr. itif'fctiiti, with an admirable ]ueface; and next- 

 he had a -hare ill editing the t'nlifi Nir// ( h 

 At the liestoration lionours and emoluments weic 

 lavishly showere<l upon him. liefore the c|.>- 

 KXKI he wits presented by .luxon to the rectory of 

 St I 'hiistopher's, in London : was created I>.1>. l.y 

 Cambridge, anil chaplain in ordinary to the kin;: ; 

 installed prebendary of Kly and Archdeacon of 

 Surrey ; and made Maiter of Jesus College, Cam- 

 briil^e. In 16(51 be was one of the most piominent 

 commissioners, and the principal antagonist of 

 Uaxter, in the famous Savoy Conference: later in 

 the year he received the Margaret professorship of 

 I'iunity. and gave up his Sarnin piehend an. I 

 London living; in l(i<y he \\as made .Master of 

 Trinity College, Cambridge, and in 167H Hishop 

 of Clieter. His Vindicta Epixtiilin-inn N. lijnnlii 

 i IliT'J) defended the genuineness of the epistles. In 

 16S4 appeared his Annnlcx Cyprianiri. His Latin 

 works on sacred chronology, his Orationes, his 

 Condones ad Clerum, ana his Determinationes 

 Theological contain much valuable matter. He died 

 16th July 1686. 



See editiona of the Exposition on the Creed bv Burton 

 1 18,'tt) and Ohevallier (1849) ; of the Minor Theolt* 

 Workt, by Churton ( 1844 ). 



Peary. ROBERT, American naval captain, has 

 undertaken five adventurous journeys ahong the 

 Greenland coast (1886-99). He further proved 

 Greenland an island, defined the outline of theNE. 

 corner, and brought back the enormous meteorite 

 reported by Ross in 1818. See his Xm-tli u-nnl over 

 th, <;,;,it lee ( 1 .-(OS), and other books by Keely an. I 

 Davis ilsifj). Heilprin (1893), Mrs Peary (who 

 twice accompanied her husband), and 'Antrup 

 (trans. 1898). 



END Of YOU Ml. 



