10 



1'KKIXC 



malted. wkfah kad ao aaatiiim fn.ni the law. of 

 fcr* Irving- UM e4fcel uf Hit,.- the thumU tightly 

 whipcord, that the pain might 

 ~>t to plead Among iaataacai 

 the fftmt /art* tt Art are the 

 , J .liana Uvirk. in 1443. charged with 

 Mgk UaMiia ia pmluag eaatonpMoanly of Henry 

 Margaret CUUMfoa. the martyr of York, in 



IJH. far INT nnilaaqr to UM Catholic fai t h ; Walter 

 CaJvtrir.te 



York 



YorkmUra. arraigned at th.- 

 in InWl. for mardwing lii two children 



aad itaMiaf hk> wife; and Major Kuangw.x, in 

 gate la I(K7. 



7. for rafaaiag to plead when charge.! 

 uh llw manfar of bin brother in-law. In 17'JUa 

 araoa of UM aanw of Phillip wan prated in New- 

 pa* far a eoBMderable lime. nil dp wan relaxed 

 hi* Mbmt~nn : and UM name b recorded in the 



following rear of MM NaUMJuel Hawea, who lay 

 ' ra*<aVfcloftMlb.far*eveaimnu<*. AaUto 



1741 a perma i mid to have been prewted to death 



at UM Cambridge anuna. the lying of his tlmmU 

 bariag heea fir.1 trieci without effect A statute 

 f 1771 virtually abolished the print forte et iturr, 

 by oaaetiag that any peraon who shall stand mute 

 wbni arraCriMd for felony or piracy shall be con 

 irted. aad hare UM aame judgment and execu- 

 tion awarded again* him a* if he had been con 

 vioUd by rerdict or confession. A later statute 

 mi BMda Handing mate equal to a plea of not 



, ia the north-west of Russia, 



UM government of St 1'eterslmrg and 



the province of Livonia. On the south it is con 

 Meted with Lake ISkoff by a long, narrow channel, 

 Ike length of both lake, being 87 miles, the greatest 

 breadtk akoat 30. the area 1356 aq. m., and the 

 Jepta. from 14 to 40 feet. Their waters, which 

 1'Mind ia nh, are carried to the <;,ilf of Finland 

 ! UM Xarova. The shores are marshy and flat 



PHrra. BKXJAMIX. mathematician, was born 

 !. ltoa*eka*HU. ;l IMW. and 



tadM at Harvard, where ia 1833 be became pro- 

 I* la IM be became om.iilting astronomer 

 I- UM American Nautical Almanac; and In.,,, 

 I<a7 M 1874 he wa. superintendent ..I tie 

 Harrcy. la IM 4ri he i-u~l an admirable series 

 BMlbMuliral text-hooka, and h- contributed to 

 rarhM* awUMaMlioal joomal. Hi. ||H-r .m th- 

 dMeovwy of Xeptnae (1848) attrarlr.1 ,,,, 



.-as aad I,., papani on UM eon.tituti.m of 

 fK"* 'r?2J^ a | -*> w r ? "I ikabl.v 



In IBS7; and a* left hi. mark .HI a. 

 MMaof aMjIwaalbal and a.lron..,,,,.-.,l ,,,veUg. 

 Uoa. H.dbd u Cambridge, 6th M..I., 



a. rW MAHKATTAA. 



i> SHUCK (MarUi 



*i *?L *^I *l wr '7 l . a formerly .-..inm.,,, 



Ma>ka and the Slave Ijik,. into tb- 

 tnaJtaiie.) Hiale.. MII ,. n ..w extinct in settled 

 rbere .eera* I-. be nothing in n habit* 

 I.. ,,.t ( fv n. o..mm.,n name ..( Ki-her or Fisher 

 il i> called Dlack I 



I" mile, by rail S 

 M.mr mill.. 



prepared for bin appmarh to it l>v villosi and 

 inaoaiiiiis with their parka and ganfens, such an 

 greet him in drawing near to the capitaU of the 

 Went At a turn in the road tin- rity hursts at 

 once on hi* view, *tainling up grand 'and ^iiin. 

 c.ii,i|.l.-i- in it-M'lf with it lofty walls, ana the 

 loftier twer> M|HIM thi'in. The city consists, in 

 fact, of twocitie* the Inner and the Outer known 

 aloo an the Manclni or Tartar and the Chinese, the 

 Northern ami the Southern. They are wparate.1 l.\ 

 H hi^h wall rimiiiioii to them Ixitli. hut properly 

 U-longing to the former, and givin<; ii the appeal 

 ance of nearly a s|uare, on which die other partly 

 rent* in the form of a rectangle, its -out hern anil 

 northern walla longer than tnone nf the sipiurr, mil 

 the oilier two shorter. The walls of the Manrhu 

 . nv average 50 feet in height, and are fully tKI feet 

 wi.le at the liottom and 40 at the top ; the dimei, 

 -i. m- of tho-e of the Chinese city are lens: 

 in height and 25 and 1.1 in width. Those of the 

 former measure I4J miles in i-ircnit, including it.- 

 |>art of the cross-wall, and those of the Oiine-e 

 city 10. Not counting the cross-wall, the whole 

 riii-uit measures ahout 21 miles, including alto 

 Aether an area of nearly 26 sq. in. In all 

 IVkiiig has sixteen gates. Over each is raise.1 a 

 t.i\\.-r ulkiut 100 feet high, and of very imjio-ing 

 ap|iearance. AH the gates of the Manclni city aie 



.- ' ?T - ** now "I*** prinMineei|. I'm- 



>!' I. the capital ..(the 

 CWaa-i e^pir... . m - x ,.{ ,,., ,,. 



* It b .il->ale,| in a tn.lv plain, and 

 adod b/ many gated wall.. , 



fmm Tien uin b not 



giiarde<l by semirirciilar enceintes, enclosin" a 

 yellow tiled temple to K wan Ti. a hero of our 2d 

 ifiitury. now honoarad as the -^CM! of war.' 



\\li.-n a stranger has entered by a gate of the 



Northein <'ily. and rides or drives 'along the no - 



wall to it. central gate, he is greatly in.press.sl l.v 



the inaciiilirence of the walls an, I towers, and 



reailily Mievei Peking is the grande-t eity in the 



Such was the feeling of the writer when he 



MMrM II in 1N7M; after he had passed through 



K) gate there stretched Mo,,, him. as far as his 



il reach, a street alKint '200 feet aeroat, 



ill, what awmed to IM- brilliant shoiw on 



wli side, with wide K|ices for fiMit-naBaengers. 



Mtwwn them a carriage way, raised ab.mi 



n feet, on which a constant stream of vehicles. 



norwv mill.-, camels, and donkeys ua- 



Hnt by and by this impression of the 



magnitic,.nci. of t | IP r j, v WIW ,li s|1 |, u .e,| by another 



the dilapidation anil decay, soualor and filth, 



which everywhere ohtrnded tli,-nilve. 



I'eking is one of the most ancient cities of the 

 In the wine site -|<HK| the mctrotHili- of 



[he tendal slate of Yell. Whose history i llaeeable 



(be I -Jib century n.r. In Imr Kith and 

 Ml centuries (wo Tartar tribes which attempted 



