18 



PELOPONNESUS 



PELVIS 



, 



a thin! expedition was planned against Alexander 

 of Phew, who, as usual, was threatening the 

 ThoMiliini town*. The command was 1MB '" 

 IVIopidas, ami in the summer he inarcne<l into 

 Theaaalv, where he won the battle of Cynosce- 

 phalir, but was himself killed while too eagerly 

 pursuing the foe. 



PflopoMeMU ('the isle of Pelops'), now 

 called the More* (q.v.), a iieninsula which formed 

 the out hern part of ancient lirecce, Hellas Proper 

 l*>ing situated t<i tin- northward of the isthmus on 

 whi.-h stood tin- city of Corinth. See GREECE. 

 The whole area u less than 9000 sq. in. Among 

 it* mmt important cities were Sparta and Argos. 

 Sjiarta acquired after the Messeman war a decided 

 supremacy over the other states, and deputed the 

 -upremary with Athens in a war of almost thirty 

 years' duration (431-404 B.C.) the famous Pelo- 

 ponnwian war, of which the history has been 

 written by Thucydide*. 



Pelops. in Creek Mythology, the grandson of 

 Zeus, and the son of Tantalus, was slain by his 

 father, anil served up at an entertainment which he 

 :i\e to the gods, in onler to test their omniscience. 

 _'hey were not deceived, and would not touch the 

 humble food; I, ut liemeter, at>sorl>ed with grief 

 for the li>s of her daughter, ate part of a shoulder 

 without olwerving. The gods then coiniiianded the 

 members to In- thrown into a ennldron, out of which 

 Clotho brnii'.'ht the IMIV again alive, and the want 

 of the shoulder wits supplied by all ivory one. 

 According to the legend most general in later 

 tin -. Ivlops was a Phrygian, who, lieing driven 

 by II OH from "-i]i\ !>-. came with great treasures to 

 the peninsula which derived from him the name of 

 l'elo|Miniicsus, marrii-d Hi|>|MMlamiii, obtained her 

 father's kingilom by conquering him in a chariot- 

 race, and became the father of Atreus, Tliye-t.-s, 

 and other sons, lint in what appear to be the 

 oldest tradition** he i* represented as a Cireek, and 

 Dot a* a foreigner. He was said to have revived the 

 oKmpic gameii, and was particularly honoured at 

 Olympia. 



PH'H Flt(h-owl (Scotopelia t>eli), so named 

 from having been first discovered by Mr Pel, the 

 I hitch roiiimatidaiit at Elmina, is found in West 

 Africa from Kenegambia to Caboon, and in the 

 /ainheiii region in South east Africa. It measures 

 .il>ui '2 :! in length : ii- wing U Hii inches long. 

 It- colour iil.\e i~ a deep rufous hay crossed with 

 nornermu irregular bant of black ; the wing is 

 similarly barred ; the under surface of the Issly is 

 buhl Uv with heart shaped bars of black; the trill 

 is of a dark-bine lead colour, and tin- iris is dark 

 brown. The birds from the Zamliwi are a little 

 larger than thnne from West Africa. The mitivi-s 

 regard this owl as a fetish bird possessing the 

 of destroying whaU-M-i it looks on; and 

 c.iriomdy enough its prenence in mote than one 

 locality liat bern followed by an outbreak of disease 

 among domentic animals. See the lint for 1859, 

 ,, u, 



PelUer Effect. See BLBCTEICITV, Vol. IV. 



i m 



Prltry. a general term applied to the traile in 

 kin of wild animals, and to the skins thi-niM-lvei.. 

 It U nnili-rtHl to mean only skins nndreaaed, 

 rxcvpt by dn'ing. and c-liietly tboM- which, when 

 drexieJ, are callol fun. See FUBS, 



IVIuoliim. the Creek name of an an. i-nt 

 Ktf>|itinn city, situated at the n.irth eastern angle 

 ofiae Ih-ltA. and ini|.Ttnnt as the key <>: 

 on the Asiatic side. The eastern mouth of tin 

 Nile derived from it the epithet I'elusiac. It* 

 identity with Sin of the Old Testament and the 

 (Iraek Safe is doubtful. The CMivm Pelunaevm 



vas choked up with sand as long ago as the Kt 

 century B.C., and the whole district is a wilderness 

 of sana and margin--. 



Pelvis. This term is IIMI! in imlieate one of 

 .he chief divisions of the skeleton. It consists of 

 lie sacrum, cix-cyx. and the innominate or haunch 

 xnies. Each of the latter originally consisted of 

 i,hree parts ilium, ischiiim, pubis which have 

 Become fused together. Hy the articulation <if the 

 pubic bones in the middle line anteriorly the 

 innominate liones form the anterior and lateral 

 aspects of the pelvis. Wedged in Is'tween them 

 posteriorly are the sacrum and coccyx. Various 

 Kiwerful ligaments give support to and maintain 

 the pelvic bones in position. Notwithstanding the 

 importance of this part of the- skeleton, the ancient 

 Greek physician had no word wherel.\ to designate 

 it, and Koth Creek and Human Mandated the 

 sacrum and coccyx with the vertebral column, and 

 the innominate "bones with the lower extremities. 



Fig. 1. Adult Human Pelvis, m <iru : 



a, lumbar vertebra ; b, arnuii : .-. coccyx ; d, ilium : r, head of 



f< mur in acetabuluin ; /. pubis ; ;/, i.sclmini. 



The jx-lvis is dividinl into two parts by a plane 

 which extends from the upper margin or iironiontory 

 of the sacrum to the upper margin of the articula- 

 tion between the two pane I nines i.e. the syinphy- 

 sis pubis. ( In the inner surface of each innominate 



bone a line may lie traced from the sacral proi i 



tory to the symphysis pubis. This is named the 

 ilio |>ectineal line, and it helps t<i complete the 

 circumference of the plane which divides the pelvis 

 into two parts. The s|>ace above this plane lies 

 mostly IM-I \M-en tin' expanded iliac Imnes. It 

 belongs to the alslomen proper, and is named the 

 false pelvis. The space below the level of the 

 sacral promontory and ilio peciim-al lines is called 

 the inn pelvis, and eertain descriptive terms are 

 employed in connection with it. Thu- the plane 

 winch separates it from the false [K-lvis is called 

 the in/ft or /iriiii of the true pelvis. Its inferior 

 circumference or nutlet extends from the tip of the 

 eoccy x to the inferior border of the pubic symphysis, 

 and from the one isehial tuU-iosity to the other. 

 Itetwccn the jschial tuberositii-s in front and ex 

 tending forwards to the svmphvsis there is the 

 *iili/iiiliii' arch. The -pace Itctween the (///./ and 

 the nut/ft is named the runt;/ of the true pelvis. 

 The measurements of the true pelvis are made 

 along certain definite lines which arc applicable to 

 the brim, the cavity, or the outlet. These are ( 1 ) 

 the/;f> rii /itntirinr 01 con jugate diameter i.e. from 

 the mesial line in front to the mesial line behind : 

 (2) the tntntrrrxr or widest diameter; (3) the 

 nl>lii/ii' diameter* right and left. Thesi- extern! 

 from the articulation lictwcen sacrum and ilium on 

 one -id.- to the farthest point on the opposite sido 

 of the menial plane. In the erect attitude of the 

 |K|\ the plane of the brim of the true pelvis forms 



