..- 



I'l \ 1 1 . .-I 



PEONY 



t. . of the 



nmnlnt of each narrative. Dillnuuiit placed I* 



.-.-. -.-. t>. 



three eetwate 

 UrtorkaTrMU 



dle: N..|.lt-k<- i.n.1 Sehrader 

 till argue for to eomparatJTely <rly datr ; lUudinnin 

 dale* H about thirty rear* before O. Her aUu Holzinger'* 

 JBMnfcMV m eV *<*( 1883). For a fuller MMio- 

 fraahy ROTM'I <"*. dtr kettipn *anrV. Altfn Tola- 

 tt ed. 1HBO) may be eonsultod ; eee also article 

 VoL U. p. lat-'J ; and SAMAWTAN I'KNTATKITH. 

 Prnlrriisl >',r. prntmtfli. 'fiftieth') was the 

 LIIK- given lo the Jewish fi-ast held on the fiftieth 

 day after the l'.i-o\ci. in celebration of the -in- 

 galheim.-. and in thanksgiving for the harvest 

 (Me Kl>rivu.si. Fiom the .lewish ns<- it was 

 introduced into the Christian, and with special 

 solemnity. ai> U-ing the day of the descent of the 

 Holy lihu-t on the a|Mistles. and of the In-i solemn 

 preaching of the Cliri-.ti.in leligion. Fiom eailv 

 time* i-ni.-..i-t has been regarded as one of the 

 fi-lival* of the Christian year, and it was 

 a* one of the timi lor the solemn adminis 

 tralimi of baptism; and the KnglUh name of the 

 festival. HAi< >MM(/<iy, in deii>cd fioni the trhite 

 rolie* in which the newly lupti-n| wer<- clad. It 

 l regarile.1 as siMi-ially Kiicreil to the Third Person 

 f the HlrxMsl Trinity. Main cuiioiis usages were 

 anciently connected' with tin- celebration. The 

 figure of a dove (an emblem of the Holy Ghost) 

 Miopended by a con! from the ceiling was in some 

 chun-hea lowered m a* to alight on the high altar 

 during the service ; in others ligun-s of cloven 

 tongues were similarly introduced. In Mime places 

 Ka-t, and in' the Went too. the practice 

 previb. at decorating the chinches with ever- 

 and flower*, as is done in England at 



- . See ATHENS (p. 538), and 



IVllllnnil Firth, a channel between the 

 Atlantic and (n-nnan Oceans, se|irting the main- 

 land of Scotland from the Oikney Islands. It is 

 14 mile* long and } miles broad at the narrowest. 

 The IVntland Skerries. 5 miles north-east of 

 I' .n ll.-.id. . .in ,-:- ..i : -v., i-l, -1- .i,,,| ,,f 



ereral contiguou. nicks. DII the larger of the 

 i- a lighthou-* (1794). The navigation of 

 the Pent land Firth i more dangerous than that of 

 any other portion of the Scottish s.-us. a mi,,,; 

 from went to east (lowing through it with ave|,K-ity 

 of from 3 to ID mile, an hour, and cnu-ing iiiimer- 

 <m. whiles and whiilpmd. V-i ,,v,, .-. 

 with carRnm DMS through the Firth annualK. 



Prnlland IIMK in the Lowlands of S.-otlaml. 

 xtMM 19 miles nonth-westward fnnn a |oiin .'{ 

 mile. MMith of Kdinburgh, through the couniies of 

 Midlothian. PafthHa. and Ijinaik. have a l.n-adtli 

 of 4 to 6 mile., ami attain a maximum height in 

 CannrOiy ( IHWl feet) and Scald I AW ( I8t<~ 

 the battle of the IVnilan.l- or Uulliou i 



nllmV ' nicillk. SirTllillMil- UlllM-ll iollte.1 



BOO wmtland Covrnant. ,.. -.'sti, Noveml. r 1()66. 

 P<-NlOHVll|r. a|,Hilou. di.tiict in l^mdoii in 



'- - .lame-'a. Cle,kenvM.||. the lilM 



in whieh ere ..,.. |.,| j n | ;7; t ,, ,,,. MB 



j to Bean Peato*, K-|. The nnme hits 

 I bei extended to | W rt of the pari-h of 

 lhnKt..n. in wbirh tand. th- PtmttmMU . 

 rhl. tin- l/.^/-/ /'nrnn. a> it wan at fir-t i-al|e<| 

 Calplonian Hoad. wa , htiili in |s|o 4-2. and 

 I on the radiating piinciple. .o as to 

 admit of Ihorongh in.|-ciion. . i,d .-ontain- accom 

 tauoo for .V90 prisoner* The tn-aiment is .i.. 



commori 



IVlltxtrlllOII, H p'lllls of |ilallt> iH-lon^in^ to 



the mitnial order Scrophulanaceir, i-on>i-tin^ of 

 liei)iin-eou> or iih shinliliy n|K i ciii< mostly yit'hlin^ 

 flower* of jn'eat liv.iuty. The ^I-MII~ i> wholly 

 American, moHtly Moulin;: to the wanm-i i-tjite>, 

 and few of them are hardy enough to endure I In- 

 winter climate of Hritain, where coiiM-i|ueinly they 

 are |ini|iaj;ate<l annually hy cutting-, which are 

 |.iot.-cti-<l in frames during winter ami |ilanted in 

 the flxrwer-oarden in Mitrch or April. The ^i in i.cl 

 character of the inlloresceiice of I '. nl-l'-muri i- -n 

 well known its to reipiire no dc-. i ipiioii here. The 

 niimeroiis pirden varieties of /'. </<-i<tiriii'i,i/,x. I'. 

 lltirtirrtfii, and nthent are among tne mn-t ]'<i]nilar 

 nt gavMO (lowers. 1'iit there are many species 

 even more In-aiitit'nl than these, which are occa- 

 sionally to IK- met in collections of rare, plants. ( >f 

 such ma\- IH- mentioned /'. ./ijfrri/ninix. }'. Sn-muli- 

 flurtu, P. Miirnn/ionix, /'. iiuittittiix, and otherx, as 

 Ving exceptionally heautiful in colour. 



l' iiiiinlira. SeeECLii 



IN-ll/a. a large rural town of Russia, :i:in miles 

 liy rail SK. of Moscow, ha-s a cathedral ( 17th c.-n 

 tiny), a iHitaiiical garden, and manufactures ni 

 paper, ttoap, iVc. I'op. 47,701. The /"" """ nt has 

 an area of 14,907 M<|. m., and its population of a 

 million and a half are chiefly engaged in agriculture. 



(Corn., 'holy headland'), a town of 

 Cornwall, the most westerly in Kngland, at the 

 head of Mount's Hav. 10 liiiles CM'., of Land's 

 Km!, .so \V. hy S. of riyinoutli. and .T28 ( hy road 

 281) \VS\V. of London. Standing on a linely 

 curved shore surrounded by rocky eminence*, ii i* 

 famous for it mild, equafile climate, tl ..... j;h tli.- 



annual rainfall is heavy (43 inches i. Its line 

 esplanade i ...... mauds splendid land and sea views; 



and its chief huildingx, constnicte.l largely of 

 granite, include a market-hall ( ISH7) with a statue 

 before it of Sir Humphry Daw (o.v.), an infirmary 

 ( IH74), iviM>Ht-ollice(1883), and piihlic rooms! Is, 

 Italian lienaissance in style, and comprising a 

 guildhall, museum, lihrarvi &c. The hai hour has 

 lwopien(I779 1840) half a mile long, forming a 

 tidal hasin of ->\ acres ; and docks have 1 ..... i added 



since 1882. 1'enzance is a headquarters of the 

 mackeivl and pilchard fisheries ; market -gardening 

 is an iin|Hirtiuit industry ; and of rei-eut years the 

 place has grown much in favour a* a watering 

 pace. Bund hy Spaniards in 1595, and .sacked l'iy 

 Fairfax in Ituti. it was incorporated in Kil4. and 

 liom lti3 to 1838 was one of the live ' coinage 

 towns.' Pop. (1881) 12,409; (1891) 12,44. See 

 works hy Lach-Szyrma ( 1878 ) and Millett (1876 > 



system of agricultural servitmle 



common in Mexico (u,.v.) and some other purls of 

 Siianish America. The | ..... u in delit to liis em 

 plover w:ix hy the Spanish colonial system hound 

 to lahour for his employer till the deht was paid. 

 I'eonagc in New Mexico wax aholished hy act of 

 rongretw. in 1867: it was also alx>lished in the 

 . \igi-ntine Hepiihlic. 



P'On> (/'iin,,,',,), a genus of plants of the 

 natural order Hanunculaceir, having large showy 

 llowcr* ciimpused of live leafy herbaceous sepals, 

 ."> to Id |'tals, numerous stamens, and 2 to 5 car- 

 l-el-. each with numerous round, black, shining 

 seeds. The leaves are conijiound, the h-allel* 

 vaiiously and irregularly divtdeit. The fibres of 

 the root are often thickened into tul>crs. The 

 s|*-cie* are large herbaceous perennials, or rarely 

 half shrubby, natives of Europe, Asia, and the 

 north west of America. None of them are truly 

 indigenous in Hritain, although one (/'. <,,,, illht)\s 

 undoubtedly naturalised on si.-.-p Holme island in 

 the Severn. On account of the lieauty of their 

 flowers, some of them are much cuftivated in 

 gardens, particularly the Common Peony (P. 



