40 



PEPPEB 



PEPPER-POT 



Bavarian*. PErtX, the *on of Charlemagne. who 

 a bum in 778, wa crowned kin>; of Italy in 

 Tsl. t..ti K iii atfainiit UM A van. the Slav*, ami the 

 S*xn, ilnive UM Saracens out <>f i ,,,-ica, and 

 conquered Venire (810). He died in 810. I'KPIN, 

 -MI ..I l<oui* the Puma, wits made kiiu; of Aqui- 

 tania. revolted twice against hi father nt.<\ .i.-p..-,-d 

 him. (ml finally restored him, and protected him 

 until he himvll died (K38). See CAICI..I\ IM.IAVS. 



l'r|i|M-r ; IT\. a genii* of plant* of the 

 natural order Piperacen?(o. v. ), which mice included 

 the whole of that unler, but, as now limited. con 

 at*t> of pliuit with woody stems, solitary spikes 

 om>-it- to ill'- leaves, and Bowers on all side-, 

 toe flower* mostly hermaphrodite. Tin- most 

 important *pece i Common or lllack IVpjier (P. 

 mffrmm), a native of tin- Ka-t Indies, now ml 

 tivaled aim in many tropical count ri.-- : it* l-rry 



or drupe ln-iii"; 

 the mo-i com- 

 moil and large- 

 ly used of all 

 spices. It is 

 a rainlilinx ami 



rliinliinx -luiih, 

 with smooth UM 

 s|H>ii(.'v stems, 

 sometimes 12 

 feet in length, 

 and hroadly 

 ovate, acumi- 

 nate, leathery 

 IMNI The 



fruit is aliout 

 tin- -i/.e of a 

 pea, of a bright- 

 red colour when 



ri|ie,not crowded 



on the spike. In 

 cultivation the 

 pe|>|>er plant is 



sll|i|Mlltcd l,y 



(Miles, or l>y 

 -mall trees 



plant. -.1 foi the 

 P"rpoe, it lore* a certain degree ,,f H hade, and 

 different kind* of tree* are often planted for this 

 pnrnoxe in India. It i propagated liy cutting-, or 

 -. romm into hearing in three or four \eai- 



Pepper ( Piftr niyrum >. 



it i- planted, and Meld- two ,-nip- annually 

 for ahout twelve ye*r. When any of the In-mes' 



of a .pikr 1-^in to change from 'r-n to red all 

 are gathered. a* wlien toon- fullv ri|ic they are less 

 pungent. beaide* In-ii,^ apt to ,lrop off. 'They are 

 |.n-a-l on iiinU to ilry in the un. and MMimtad 

 from the opilM by rul.hin with the han.U or l,v 

 MMttH with the feet, after which they .ire cleaned 

 l. irbHMVtaf, The Hlack IVp,. r of commerce 

 OMtabU i.f the l.-rrie, ilin- .lrie<l. which U-e ....... 



oiinkM and l.lnrk : White Pepper i- i 



frwl from tin- kin and tletdiv jiart of the fruit to 



Obel which thr dried fniit i. Mi;ik.-.| in wa< 



1 '- WhiU- iN.p|H-r tlni- prepanil i- of a 

 wUtkhKray colour, l.iit not unfre.|uently under- 

 goe* a l-l'-whin^ l.v rhlonne. which tafWDVei ii- 

 appearance at Urn expenw- i>f it. qimlity. lilnck 

 Hpper i* moch m.it.- |.nn_...|it than white |'p|pei, 

 UwMeatial om-tit,i. ,. .,f the npicr IH-IHK more 

 almnd.nt m UM outer irt of the (mil than in the 

 nMer depend* for it. j,,..|- n M-- . Inelly 

 on an rnd nin and volatile oil : it coniaiiin 

 Jn a errtJlinp nuUtance callfd /',, I < 



( I'iprr IruMeum. a Hpecin ver>- nimilar to 

 UM Catuma* Pepper, i* more pan k Wt : and it i. 

 in wrm. part- of India. The fruit of 

 iii o*nl a. 



or Cbamca Roxburghii yields the I,on^ I'epper of 

 i-oininerce. They have woody climliin^ stem-. 

 military xpikw op|Kwit to the leaven, diuecious 

 llowc!>, ami the fruits so clo-c together on tin- 

 spikes us iii nprnin^ to IxM-oiue a compact inaBB. 

 The xpikea are pitlien-d when uiiiipc. and dried in 

 the sun. They are uwd in pickling and for culin- 

 ary piirjioM, ulso in nieilicine for the same pur- 

 \xmex ai* coniinon ]M>p|H>r. They are {^'"erally 

 iepute<l to lie more pungent than common pepper, 

 ''. RoacbKrfki* is cultivatol in eastorn India. ' 

 Ion. and Java. The root and thickest part of its 

 stem are extensively used in India a a stimulant 

 me<liciiie. 



l'ep|MT act* on the skin as a niliefaci<>iit and 

 M-icant, and in often used for this piupose in a 

 powdered state, moistened with some kind of 

 alcoholic, spirit. It is also employed as a local 

 stimulant in relaxation of the uvula, and is applied 

 in the form of an ointment to ringworm. Taken 

 into the stomach in small quantities it N a pleasant 

 stimulant, hut in larjje dose* it produces ^icat pain 

 ami irritation. The quantity used, however, liy 

 the natives of hot climates much exceeds anything 

 known union;; Kuropcans, nnd the e|lect are 

 evidently lienclicial rather than injurious. The 

 chief use of pepper i- us a spice and condiment. 



l'ep|>er wiw known to the ancients ; Ilippm-i 



employed it as a inedieine. and I'liny ex| ..... ses his 



surprise I hat it should hav ...... me into "cn.-i.il u-e. 



con-idei iiij,- its \\ ant of llavour. In the middle 

 |H-p|M-r was one of the most costly spices, and in tin- 

 Kith century a few pounds of it were reckoned a 

 princely present. The quantity now imported into 

 Europe is immense. The average annual impoits 

 into the Tinted Kingdom arc aliout '2!' million Hi., 

 of which ahout 7 million IK. are taken for con- 

 sumption ; the quantity imported into the I'nited 

 State* is of course even larger. Malaliar hlack 

 J)ep|-r is considered the licst kind, and the Telli- 

 cherry and 1'enan^ the lim-st \arielies ot the white. 

 The name pepper is popularly given tosiilistiinci-s 



a pungency resemhlin^ that of petiper. 

 although produced hy \i-ry dillerent plants. Thus, 

 -me IVppci i~ the produce of spi-cies of Cap 

 siciini (q.v.), of the natural order Solaimceu- : 

 .lamaica Pmper, or Pimento (q.v.). of species of 

 Kuyenia, of the natural older Myrlaeea- ; and 

 liiiinea I'epper (ij.v. ). or Miile^uetta I'eppei, is 

 AIIKIHIIIIII, l-.thiopian 1'cppi'i Xylopia sKttiiofiirti, 

 ' ' ' 



iMr Mtive coantri*- Thr 



iii o*nl a. j.p|M.r in 

 fruit of /Vj/rr /u>/,/i 



and llenin l'cp|ici I '<//-/,n ('/. 



Pepper. .Ions HKNKY, chemUt and mechani- 

 cal inventor, was horn in Westminster on 17th 

 .lune 1K-2I, anil in IS4H was appointed analytical 

 chemist at th.- lioyal Polytechnic, and has written 

 several handliooks of |Hipular science. Hut he i* 

 l-st known as the improver and exhihitor of 

 Pi ppei s (ihost. in it- earliest form the invention 

 ol Henrj Min-ks (q.v.), a ilcvice for associating on 

 the same Mage living persons and phantoms to a.-t 

 together. The phantom is priMliieiKl hy a laij.-e 

 shi-ct of misilvcred ^rhiss on the sta^-c. practically 

 imi-ilile to the siM-ctalorK, which reflects to theni, 

 nlony with a risible actor or actors, the appearance 

 ot anothiT actor on an understate, who is himself 

 iini-ilile. Pep| H -r tra\e|led with this show in 

 America and Australia, ami U-eame puhlic analyst 

 in Itrislianc, (^ue'tislaiid. 



I'rppereorn R-nl, a nominal rent of on 

 IH^IH-ICOIII a \eai. to 1. paid on demand; an 

 acknowledgment of tenancy when lands or houses 

 are let virtually fr ...... f rent. 



Peppermint. See MINT. 



Pepper-pol, a celehrated West Indian dish, 

 of which CMsUWD (ci.v.) is a principal ingredient; 

 an.l alonx with it flesh or dried fish, vegetables, 



