N 



TI.KICLES 



I'KHIM 



1 to Alhen*. anil, commuting (lie rontin- 

 (Ml* uf the *lli lr M ....... v. i-mumou-ly increand 



UM contribution. to tin- pal iiotic mini. Athens her- 

 If undertaking to protect tli* confederacy. The 

 grand charge agint Periclen is that lie WdM the 

 Money lliiw obtained t other purpose* than those 

 fur which it wan d<~ign>-d : tliat, >'i short, lie 

 adorned and enriched Ath-n- with tin- ~\i\\- of the 

 allied statm. To hi- iniiul Hella* wan subordinate 

 to Alhen., anil he confounded tin 1 splendour of tin- 

 dominant citv with the splendour of (Jreece in a 

 manner poiaible to a man of |>oetic imagination, 

 hardly to a man of the inn t honour. Hi- en-nm. 

 who dared not attack himself, Htniok at him in the 



nrwin* ol in. friends. Phidias wax Hung into pii-ou 

 r till- impiety of lliliixln.-lliu' |>rtiait- of him 

 elf and P-rieli into the battle of the Aiiin/on- 

 depn-te.1 on the -In. -lil of the godd Athena in 

 the Parthenon : the brilliant An|MU<ia, the fainouH 

 in 1-1 n of Pel-idea. wu arraigned on a charge of 

 impi-tv. and only acquitted through the eloquence 

 of Peru-leu on her belialf ; while the aged Anaxag- 

 onu wan driven from the city. 



It i* unnecessary to give a" detailed account of all 

 that IVriclm iliil to make hi- natiic city the most 

 gloriou. in the ancient \\orlil. (Jicek architecture 

 and M-iilptiu- iiinler hii> patronage rearheil perfec- 

 tion. To him Athens owed the i'artlienon, the 

 Ererhtlieiini. left an6nished at hi- death, the I'm 



pybea, the Odeum, and numheih other public 

 and Mcml edifice* ; lie almi liherally encouraged 

 mu.irand the drama : ami .luring lii- rule indu-tiy 

 and commerce wen- in so llonri-hiug a condition 

 that prn|ierily wan universal in Attica. 



At length in 431 th- long f.n n and inevitable 

 Peloponmwian war hmke out hetwcen Athens and 

 Span*. The plan of Pericles wa for Athens to 

 follow a defensive attitude, to defend the city 

 iUelf. leaving Atti.-a to lie ravaged hy the enemy, 

 Kut to cripple the INIWCI of Sparta hy harassing its 

 eoaaU. The tory of the war is tol.l clscwheic ; 

 here it i- enough to NIV that the result wan fatal to 

 A thru, for reanon* for which IVricle* wa only in 

 mall part to Maine. Me trut<il in the nltimaie 

 oeceoa of Athens Kotli from her -ti|>erioi wealth 

 and from her imiaiuniiiiK tliecomnmml of tlieM-n, Kut 

 be had not calculate! ;i|-,n the ih-teHorKtion in her 

 n- pint, nor upon the rolni-l coinage of the 

 BomUan and S|rtan infantry. Nor wiu. hi- ail \ in- 

 to keep bf-hind the eily walln' rather than fare the 

 Mtn> in the li.-lil lm>t calculate! t.i aiou-e i In- 

 Athenian-' roil rage. The plague ravaged the rity 

 in 4.TH. mid in the aiitiimn of the following %e;ii 

 - liimwlf .ln-.| after a lingering fi-\er. 'His 

 two ...n. ha.1 ln carried oil h> the plague ; he luul 

 tani bmrMMd by a charge of i-eoulntion Krfiught K> 



' >n. .in.l the artiial illtliction of a line Ky the 

 tery. while he K,| !. will ..... t oflice'fn.m 

 Jl> " ..... 1'ily 4'JH: IMII l,.|.,,.. ||,,. last I,. 



rr,| |,i. I,, ,l,| ,n,. r 



In the doting .| n y. ( 

 hi. ->n by A*|NU>ia. 



An a uto.imiii hi. grmtewt fault wan a failum 



t lomee that pHMJ t:.n..iniiient i nliimately 



MOM lo a nation. ||,. taught the |H, M .!. t., 



follow a leilf-r. Km I, ...... ,,|,| n ,, t i^nM-tnalc a 



* "* lrf 'ike him.|f. Hence We cannot 



won.|rr. when il>..,f ti.,.,i,i,. },,,,\ ir , OVPr .\then. 



how tluu mn .,.,ke l.itt..,K .,, |Vri,-l, and all hi. 



IMS wa* a lofty ininde<| nutnitnan. 



ta.pir.-l l.< ..!,;.. a.pitat.on.. ,! I,,, heart wa full 



t a Mtbto love for the city ami li. r nii/en-. Plutarch 



'"7'Hat a* he lay .iving nml ap, 



MeoMeioa* In. friend, arouml In- \**,\ wer>> 

 ta in review the rre*t achiovemeni. .if hi- 

 and 



|, v j t(> |,..riti,,,aii,,n ..f 



hi- hi- 

 ' 



Ih- nine tn-pViie. whirl, (,.. | m .| Prw ,, 4H , 

 Mt MM* for no many yicu.riea. The dying 

 patriot ,,metly intrrraptod with the characterise 



sentence- ' What you praise in my life IxOoii^ 

 piiitly to giMnl fortune, ami is, at IH-.-I. I-I.IIIIMOM to 

 me with main generals. Hut that ol \\liirli I am 

 proudest you lm\e left unnoticed no Athenian ha- 

 r\er put on moiiriiing through any act of mine.' 



For Ilia life and character, ee Thucydides and 1'lutmrcli ; 

 the historic* of Ureeoe of Thirlwull, Grote, and Curtius 

 \V. W.tkiM Lloyd's Agt nf Peridet (2 voU. 1875); and 

 th. excellent itudy hy Evelyn Abbott in the 'Heroes of 

 the Nations ' vrie* ( 1891 ). 



IVridolite. See IONEOUS ROCKS. 



Purler. <'VMMI li. French politician, was horn 

 at QrenoUe, '.MM (IctoUT 17. , \ I'.ni-iaii hanker, 

 he condemned in 1HI? the financial policy of the 

 ministry, and therehy won a seat in the ChaniKiT 

 of Deputies. In 1M2K he held the portfolio of flaUMI 

 under Martignac, Kut resigned it in August of the 

 next year. Having taken an active part in tin- 

 July revolution (1890), hewms ie\\ardeil with a seat 

 in the cahinet, hut without a portfolio. When. 

 however. Lallitte iHt-ame I're-iih-ut of the Council 

 (November 2), Perier nndertook the presiilen. \ ..f 

 the ChamlH-r of Deputies. On 13th March iM.'il he 

 succeeded I.atliite as minuter ; he sternly renres^'il 

 all attempts at revolution, and governed hv tin- 

 Juste Mil, i -n (ij.v.) |K)licy. He died of cholera. Kith 

 Ma}' 1832. For his son, see CASlMlii-l'KHiEH. 



Perigee. See MOON. 



l'-ri".n'll\. a town of France, formerly capital 

 of Perigonl. now in the department of DordoglM, 

 and situateil on the right hank of the Isle, a trihu- 

 tary of the Dordogne, 95 mile- 1,\ iail XK. of 

 Bordeaux. It consists of the ancicni city, which is 

 gloomy in aspect and has narrow streets, with 

 numerous houses and other remains of ni-di:e\al 

 and liemiissanee architecture, and the Pu\ 

 Front, which until I'JIHl WJIK a separate and a rival 

 town. The cathedral of St Front is a By/ant im* 

 edifice, said to be a copy of St Mark's at \ i-nice, 

 Knilt in 984-1047. Kut s| M >ilt hy 'restoration' in 

 1865. The town museum is especially rich in 

 Uoniaii ami other niiliijuilics. Statues' of MOII 

 taigne. Ken. -Ion. and the soldiers Daiimesnil anil 

 I'.ngeaud adoni public places in the town. Iron i> 

 mined and worked, and woollens are manufactured. 

 The celebrated jxitfx t/r 1'crignttir, mail*- of pai 

 ni'lgi-s and triillles. are largely -\poried. Pop. 

 ( 1891 ) 30,72."i. Perigueux, a town of the highest 

 antiijuity, is the (iallic \'>-M<HH<I inentioneil Ky 

 ir. The Humans built another town on the 

 oppoaitC hide ol the river at the junction of li\e 

 II ..... an roads. Close to the modern town are th- 

 i-maiiis of a vast amphitheatre, aijiiednci-. Lath-, 

 and temples. The tower of Vesunmi is the most 

 leinaikable fragment of Itoman archil. -einre. h is 

 Ml feet high, 200 feet in circumference, and has 

 walls (i fi-vt thick, but has neither doois nor 

 windows. Its purpose is not known. The district 

 of PMgOVd is noted for its Caves (<|.v. ) and 

 archn-ological finds See FLINT IMPI.KMKN r> 



Perihelion ((Jr. /</. and /,//-/., 'the sun 'I, 

 that |Hiint in its orhit at which a planet is nearesi 

 Ih- sun. See Pl.ANKTS, OKHIT, Al'HKLION. 



I'erlni. a barren island, and coaling and tel- 



aph station, U-longing to Britain, sitnai-d in 



- siiait of Bab-el-Mandeb, at the .-out hem 



nee lo the |:,-d S-a. !I7 miles \V. ( Aden, 14 

 from tin- Arabian shore, and 9 from the African. 

 -Ixiiit IH mile.- lung by 2J wide, and crescent 

 HMM, the two horns embracing a deep and 

 MiacioiiK harlMinr. The island was held by llie 

 rin-h in 1799 1800, and was agaii ..... -upied in 

 1857. In ISX3 it was made a coaling station, and 

 wK.n iK'tran to Iw a rival to Aden. The island i- 

 un.l-r th- jurisdiction of the governor of Hominy 

 1'ie-idency. Pop. about 400, mostly coolie coal- 

 heavers. See H. Spalding, Pcrim as it is ( 1890). 



gra 



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