PERIODICALS 



53 



sixpence. In the years 1 887-89 Murray 's Magazine 

 appeared at a shilling. In 1890 the Review of Re- 

 views appeared at sixpence, followed in 1891 by the 

 Strand Magazine; both of these magazines achieved 

 in the first year of their publication a circulation 

 exceeding 100,000. The Idler, at first ( 1892 ) a six- 

 penny, now costs a shilling ; the Pall Mall Maga- 

 zine dates from 1893 ; the Woman at Home from 

 1894 ; the Windsor began in 1895. Grampian's 

 (once Chapman's) Magazine is devoted to short 

 stories; M'Clurr's Magazine began in 1893; Cassier's 

 Magazine ( 1891 ) concerns iteeff with industry. In 

 1898 Sir G. Newnes started The Wide World Maga- 

 zine and The Home Magazine. The most widely cir- 

 culated magazines, besides the Strand, Chanibers's 

 Journal, and Pearson's, are Harmsworth's, Royal 

 Magazine, The Puritan, Boy's Own Paper, GirFs 

 Own Pfiiiir, Qiiirrr, CasselVs Family Magazine, The 

 y i "in if Man, The Young Woman, Leisure Hour, Sun- 

 day at Home, Good Words, and Sunday Magazine. 



Among monthly periodicals devoted to art the 

 oldest is the Art Journal (1839). The Portfolio, 

 founded by Mr Hamerton in 1869, is since 1894 

 a series of monographs on artista. The Magazine 

 of Art (1878), The Artist, and The Studio are 

 well known. Music is represented by the Musi- 

 cal Times and a few others, and the drama by the 

 Theatre. 



The geographical societies publish their proceed- 

 ings, and most of the sciences have their own re- 

 views ; the National Review has a line of its own. 

 The English Historical Review and The Scottish 

 Review (\W&) fulfil special functions. Cosmopolis 

 (1896) has sections in French and German. There 

 are innumerable religious magazines. The Catho- 

 lic Church is represented by the Dublin Renew 

 (quarterly), the Month, the Lamp, the Lyceum, 

 and St Peter's (1898). The Wesleyan Metho- 

 dists and the Primitives publish quarterlies ; the 

 Congregational ists have no longer the place in 

 periodical literature they possessed when Mr Allen 

 edited the lirilixh Quarterly and Paxton Hood the 

 Eclectic. The Jeirish Quarterly is read by many 

 who are not Jews. The Salvation Army hu.s a 

 monthly in .dU the World ; MrSpurgeon established 

 the Siri,i-il inul Trnu-rl ; l\\e Animal World is the 

 organ of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty 

 to Animals, and the Child's Guardian of the Society 

 for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. The 

 I 'nil at Service Magazine is a monthly, The Navy 

 and Army & weekly. The Badminton is devoted 

 to sport. There are monthly magazines devoted to 

 astrology, postage-stamps, chess, cricket, cycling, 

 vegetarianism, anti - vaccination, Malthusianism. 

 spiritualism, theosophy, and mysterious psychical 



Slienomena ; and most trades have a periodical 

 I'vutcd to their interest**. Santa Lm-in is the 

 monthly for the blind, in raised Braille type. See 

 BLUB-BOOKS. 



A general idea prevails among the public that 

 to write for the magazines is a sure and e;isy 

 rood to noni|ietence. As a matter of fact, .if we 

 except writers of popular fiction, the number of 

 contributors to periodical literature, not holding 

 editorial appointments, who make 200 a year out 

 of the magazines might probably l>e counted upon 

 ill" lingers of one hand. The best paid contiihii- 

 tions by the highest class reviews seldom exceed 

 1 a page of 500 words. The average review article 

 does not yield its writer more than 15. As there 

 are not ten men in England who contribute ten 

 articles each a year to monthly miscellanies the 

 conclusion is obvious. Yet the flood of contribu- 

 tions rises ever higher. The late editor of the 

 r'nruii, recently calculated that he received from 

 out-idem SOOO'.MSS. |-r annum, out of which he 

 was usually able to use less than one per cent. 

 'Wbaiir's the harm,' asked the Ettrick Shepherd 



in Noctes, ' o' a few gude, sober, steady, judicious, 

 regular, well-informed, versateele, and biddable 

 contributors?' To this inquiry Christopher North 

 replied, ' None such are to be found on earth you 

 must look for them in heaven." From which it 

 would seem that the editorial burden has changed 

 little in fifty years. Poetry in particular is a drug 

 in the market. In the same Noctes Christopher 

 North said, ' I seldom pay for poetry. In cases of 

 charity and courtesy that is to say of old women 

 and young ones my terms are a shilling for a 

 sonnet, a dollar for a dramatic scene, and for a 

 single l>ook of an epic by way of a specimen, why, 

 I do not grudge a sovereign.' This is probably 

 more than the epic poet of our day would get for 

 all his l>ooks from any magazine editor. Many 

 periodicals, like hospitals, are supported entirely 

 by voluntary contributions. 



Of English-speaking lands the periodical flour- 

 ishes chierly in the United States. In the British 

 colonies the English product seems to kill out the 

 native production. Beyond a not very noteworthy 

 quarterly in Sydney, and some diminutive re- 

 ligious magazines, Australia has no monthly maga- 

 zines or reviews, except the quarterly Imperial 

 Review of Melbourne. New Zealand has the 

 Monthly Review. South Africa has produced no 

 magazine of more than provincial fame. Canada 

 had in the Bystander a unique magazine edited, 

 written, and owned by Mr Gold win Smith, 

 but it no longer appears. Barbadoes has a little 

 monthly in Excelsior ; Honduras boasts the Hon- 

 duras Mining Journal, formerly Honduras Pro- 

 gress ; and British Guiana publishes Timehri, a 

 quarterly. Among the periodicals in English pub- 

 lished on the Continent are the Esqniline (Rome) 

 and Anglo- Austria (Merau). India has the Cal- 

 cutta Review ( quarterly ), and the monthlies, the 

 National Magazine, the Indian Magazine and 

 Review, and the new Allahabad Review; but the 

 publications of London and Edinburgh overshadow 

 the periodicals of the rest of the empire. The 

 Asiatic Quarterly now embraces colonial and 

 African topics, otherwise the colonies are not 

 specially represented except by the small monthly 

 papers Imperial Federation and Greater Britain. 



The American magazines are every year becom- 

 ing more and more formidable competitors of 

 the English periodicals even in Great Britain. 

 They have an enormous advantage in the 

 excellent American postal rule by which all 

 periodically issued printed matter is conveyed 

 by the mails at special rates not exceeding a 

 halfpenny per pound. In England it costs 2J<1. 

 to send a naif pound of printed matter, if pub- 

 lished monthly, through the post from St-Martin's- 

 le-Grand to Downing Street although the post- 

 office will carry a pound weight of printed matter 

 if it is issued weekly for one halfpenny from Land's 

 End to John o" Groats. This absurd method of 

 handicapping monthly publications is unknown in 

 the United States. The American magazines are 

 distinguished for the excellence of their typography, 

 and the clearness and artistic character of their illus- 

 trations. There are no such illustrated magazines 

 as the Century, Scribner, and Harper published out- 

 side of New York. Munsey's ( ten cents ) has a cir- 

 culation of 700,000. The American illustrated maga- 

 zine is found throughout the British empire ; the 

 Century and Harper circulate largely in India. 

 The Cosmopolitan has now begun to publish in 

 London as well as in New York. The New Eng- 

 land Magazine is also a well-illustrated monthly. 

 Of the non-illustrated American magazines the 

 Atlantic Monthly (1858) is one of the oldest and 

 most respectable. Lippincott publishes monthly 

 a complete novel of high character, with a selec- 

 tion of miscellaneous essays. All these are now 



