7 



PERSPIRATION 



PERTH 



re* l<> it, liilut thoae to the left, following 

 the Mine law, direct themselves to the right, and 

 net tV^ML 



Aerial ftrtptrtiee oombU in a modulation of 

 the brightness and colour* of object- in accord- 

 ance with tin- Mate of the atmosphere, the depth 

 of the body in the perspective plane (i.e. distance 

 ID naliiir from tin- gmiind line )._ and other acci- 

 dent* of place and time. AH the* distance of ob- 

 ject* increase... their illuminated part* are maile less 

 brilliant anil their shaded part- more fertile. The 

 bluish tint imparted ly a large mass of the atmos- 

 here to the bodies seen through it i" 



imitated by tin- mixing of a dijrlit tint of Mm- with 

 the colour* to he applied : u yellow object thus 

 MMUne* a greenish tint, a red one a violet tint, 

 The air when charged with vapour is re- 

 presented by a <liiiiinntinii of th<> brightness of 

 colour*, and by the grayish tint imparted to them. 

 Bat in this part of the subject rules are of little 



.p 



p p- 

 Kig. 2. 

 Tb linn O, O emnrg to the accidental point aerial, and P, P to the accidental point terrestrial. 



avail, for experience alone can guide the painter 

 in faithfully copying the myriad aspect* presented 

 by nature. 



A thorough knowledge of perspective is a tine 

 ijnA mm to the |minter or designer, and though 

 many are inclined to think it a superfluity, and 

 that the nketcher ha* only to make use of his eyes 

 ami copy justly, the very fart that such is their 

 opinion aliow* that they have never made the 

 attempt : for it i im|H. il.le f,, r the painter, and 

 much more so for the designer, to execute a ropy of 



nature with sufficient areimu-y by the sole Hill of 



ill.- eve and hand, n fact that is unfortunately much 

 too frequently pioved by many of the sketches 

 \luhilnl in line art collections. Pers|ective wax 

 known to Hi- ancient*, but. seems to have Wome 

 xtinrt during the disturbances that ronvnlsed 

 Italy, and wan reviv.nl by Alliert Hiirerand Dram- 

 antino of Milan <<-. U7o IKW). whom- body of rules 

 wa* extended and completed by Peruz/i and I'haldi 

 about 1800. Itr Itr.M.k Taylor "in 1715 and 171" was 

 Uw Brst Knglinhinan who dbtciiHsed the subject 

 eieplUeally. 



an work* on pmmctlire by Tvrwhitt (1WW), 

 rta (IMM). rollin. (UW), Dennia (1877), r. II.- 

 1 - m BnrobeM ( 1881 ), Miller ( 1887), 



tlf at 



Hrapbriii 



Srf J 



Prrftplration. See SKIN. 



Prrth. the county town of Perthshire, on the 

 right bank of tbe tidal Tay. 43 mil.- NN\V of 

 Fslinhurgh. 22 \VKW. of Pumice, and 112 M ! 

 Guuigow. The beauty of it* surrounding* the 

 noble ri*r: tbe two wooded heights. Moncreiffe 

 ad Kiimonll Hill*. 72.1 and 7.10 feet high : and, 



away to the north, the Grampians makes the 

 ' Fair City' worthy of the name, A handsome 

 nine arch bridge (1772; widened 1871), S40 feet 

 long, and stretching over a waterway of 590 feet , 

 leads to the suburb of Bridgend, where Kuskin 

 -pent much of his childhood, on the east bank of 

 the Tav ; along the west bank extend two beiuiti- 

 ful public parks, the North and South Inches, 98 

 and 72 acres in area. St John's Church, wlm-e 

 restoration was undertaken in 1891, is the only old 

 building a cruciform Decorated pile, with an 

 earlier central square tower. Other edifices are St 

 Ninian's Episcopal Cathedral (1850-90), an Early 

 Middle Pointed structure, by Butterfield ; the Tudor 

 municipal buildings (1879), the Grecian county 

 buildings (1819-67), the city hall (1844), the 

 infirmary 1 (1837-69), and the penitentiary and 

 general prison for Scotland ( 1812-59), besides which 

 may be noticed the water-works (1830-80), two 

 museums, the Albert statue (1864), and the auction - 

 mart (1875). Kail ways 

 have largely diverted 

 the river-trade ; and 

 dyeing is now the lead- 

 ing industry, with 

 manufactures of ink, 

 gauge-glasses, linen, 

 iron, beer, &c. A royal 

 burgh since 1210 or 

 earlier, and taking pre- 

 cedence of all othei* 

 save Edinburgh, IVith 

 returns one menil>er. 

 Pop. (1831) 19,238; 

 (1861) 25,250; (1891) 

 29,919. 



Perth, or St John 

 Moun. as it was 

 formerly called, has a 

 wealth of historic 

 memories the bloody 

 combat on the Nor tli 

 Inch between sixty 

 Chattan and Kay (1396); 

 I. (<n. v., 1437); Knox's 

 in St John's 



members of the clans 

 the murder of James 

 ' thundering sermon against idolatry 

 (1559); the Gowrie Conspiracy (q.v., 1600); and 

 Montrose's victory of Tippermuir (1644); liesides 

 sixteen ecclesiastical councils and fourteen parlia- 

 ments, and visits innumerable from royal per- 

 sonages, including both the Pretenders arid Queen 

 Victoria. James, fourth Lord Dmmmond, wn- in 

 1605 created Earl of Perth a title forfeited in K>!lf> 

 by the Jacobite fourth earl (titular Duke of Perth I, 

 and restored in 1853 to George Drummond, sixth 

 Due de Melfort. 



The Five Articles of Perth, memorable in the 

 ecclesiastical history of Scotland, were agreed 

 upon in a meeting of the General Assembly, eon- 

 \ened at Perth, by command of James VI. in 1618. 

 They enjoined kneeling at the Lord's Suppei. 

 the observance of Christmas, Good Friday, Easter, 

 and I'entecost, and confirmation, and sanctioned 

 the private administration of baptism and of the 

 Lord's Supper. Highly obnoxious to the Pic-l,\. 

 terians as having lieen adopted in mere compliance 

 with the king's will, they yet were ratified by the 

 parliament, and enforced by the Court of Hi;_'h 

 C.immisRion. They became one of the chief su!, 

 jects of that contention between king and people 

 which produced results so grave and sad for Imth 

 in the labMmeat reign. The General Assembly of 

 Glasgow in 1838 declared that of Perth to have 

 lieen 'nnfiee, unlawful, and null,' and condemned 

 tin- l-'ive Articles. 



See Perth Mrnwrabilia (1806), Maidmcnt's Clirnnicleoj 

 /'erf* ( Maitland Club, 1831 ), and works by Penny ( 1X1)6) 

 Lawnon (1847), Peacock (1849). and J. Wilson (1860). 



