'JO 



PETKK II. 



PETERBOROUGH 



the UM yean of hi* life he WM chiefly engaged in 

 beautifying and improving his new capital and 

 carrying out plans for tin- more general dill'u-ion 

 of knowledge and education among hi- subject*. 

 In the autumn of I7-J4 he wa seized with A -.11011- 

 illness, and he died 8th February CiHtli January 

 <..) 172.V Ctalbarine succeeded him. The 'Testa- 

 in-lit of IVier tin- I in-ill,' in. -iiing tin- ilussians to 

 aim at domination in Kmope, i- a foigcry, based 

 probahly on Lemir'n I'rogrt* ilr In 1'iiuuanrt Rtute 

 1 1*1?), "ami, it may I*', inspired by XajMileon. 



8e* Hunan Lire', by Oolikor (30 vols. 1797) and 

 DitraljuT (1863); English Lives by Barrow (new ed. 

 1883) and Schuvlrr (2 rols. 1884) ; and fur a vindication 

 of the authenticity of the ' Testament,' W. J. Thouu in 

 the A-imnttmlJ, Cr*tr, < ; 



PrtT II. (ALKXElKVicn) of Uiissia, was the 

 sole male representative of Peter the Great, being 

 toe son of the unfortunate Alexei (nee above), and 

 was born 23d OctoU-r ITI'i at 8t Petersburg. On 

 the death of the I'/arina Catharine I. he ascended 

 Id'- tlinine (17-7 M.-nschikor), his guardian, 

 tti:im.-'l one of hi* daughter- to llii' youthful c/ar, 

 hut In* power was overturned by the Dolgorouki 

 family ; and the czar was seized with MIIH|||H>X, 

 and died at St Petersburg, January 29, IT.'f". 



Prter III. ( KKOIMIHOVICH ) of Kus-ia, grand- 

 son of l'el<-l the (Jlejlt i lieing the Mill of hi- i-lde-l 



laughter Anna I'elniwna. wit'e of thi- Duke nf 



lloNtein liiiitorji), \V;I.H Inirn at 



Kiel, -jytli .lanuary 17'2H, uml in 



174'J wan declareil by the /jirina 



Klizalx-th (ij.v.i her xiioceMir on 



tlie throne of Kuiwia. From the 



time of lii- In-ill^' |nililii-ly pro- 



rlainipd heir he lived at the 



Ku>-i:in court ; and in olx-ilience 



to the wi-li,-. of the czarina be 



married Sophia -AugiiKta, a |irineeH> 



of Anlmll /4-rlwt, who on entering 



the Grec'k Church aiwuiiied the 



name of Catharina Alexei'-vnu. 



Peter nuccneileil Kli/jilieth on her 



death in 1763: ami hi* lir-t a>-t of 



authority wo.< to re.siorc Kiutt 



Pruwiia U> Kre<leiick the Cn-.-it 



(whom he mlnnr-il extravagantly I. 



jui'! in -nil to hi- aiil a Ml f 



l.'i.lNO men. lie aim) nv.'tlh-il 

 many of the politi'-al exiles n,>m 

 SiU-ria. When arranging in 1702 

 a campaign to t.iki' S|e,wii-k from 

 Denmark a formidahle i-oii-|iii.-i.-y, 

 hea>le<l hv lii wile, ami mpported 

 by the prineipul noliles. liroki- out 

 against him i i -on-jiiraey whieh 

 ori-iiKiti'.l in Ihe gi-neral di-eon 

 tent at the e/jtr'x liU-ial innova- 



tioll". the |ir>'fer'llc'e he sliuwi^l 



for (>Rrman, hi- in<lilli-i'-M>-e to 

 the national religion, and hi- ner- 

 ility to Krwlerick the ( Ireat. The 



declaml to have forfeited bin crown ; 

 In. wife Catharine wan proclaimed a.- Catharine 



M 'i| v. |; alel 1'i-ler. who hllpinely alxlieille.1. wan 



tranglnl by Orlolfand nonie >! il. n-iiiiatrx on 



the ITlh.liily 1762. 



l'< IrrlMiruiixh. a ritv partly in Huntingdon- 



''iit ( hi<-||\ in Nortiiamptnmhin, the latter 



portion Iming on the |,.ft ,,r north bnnk of the 



it tin 1 lgi nf tli.. f.-ii eoiinliy. ~l\ 



inilea X of London and 42 M' .. Nurtliamp- 



t-in ll'-r-. at Mnlrahaawlaife, in ft,V, the '.; 



thane Saxnlf f.inn.l-.| iho - r ,. a t Ih-nedietitip 



alihey of HS. Peter, Paul, an.) An.ln-w. which. 



deotrorr.1 by Uie Dane* in X70, wa ri--ioi.-l in 



90S, |SnmlT.l b>- llerrwanl in 1069. and again 



' down in 1116. Il noble church, the cathe- 



dral since 1541 of a new diocese carved out of that 

 of Lincoln, was built between 1118 and 1528, and 

 i hus, whilst essentially Norman, offers ever)' variety 

 oi .-ill-Intel-! me down to the IVr|>cMilicular. It 18 

 471 feet long, by 202 across the transi-pi. MH<| si 

 high. The Early English west front (--. 1200-22) 

 i-on-ists of three mighty arches, anil 'is |terhap, ' 

 -ays l-'reeman, ' the grandest conception for a xingle 

 feature which mediirval architecture has prodnced. 

 a (ireek itortico translated into Gothic language.' 

 Notewortliy also are the flat painted wooden i-.-il 

 ings of the 12th centurv, the portrait of 'Old 

 Scarlett' the sexton (1496-1594), the blue slab 

 iiiM-rilxil '(jueen Catharine, A.I>. 1536,' ami the 

 grave for twenty-live years (1687-1612) of Mary 

 (Jueen of Scots, "in 1643 ( 'romwell and his trooper- 

 diil hidtMitis havoc to monunicnts, stained glass, 

 and i-loisters. In 1883 the fine central tower wa> 

 ciindeiiined as unsafe ; but it has been lovingly 

 rebuilt, and in 1890 the cathedral was reooenett 

 after restoration. Of the abbots may In- meniinni-il 

 Eriiulf, Hishop of Rochester (1115); and of the 

 twenty-seven bishops, Lloyd and White the non- 

 jurors, Kichard Cumlierland, Archbishop Magee 

 of York, and Mandell Creighton the historian. 

 Paley was a native. Two ancient gateway.-, the 

 hishop's palace and the deanery (once the alilmiV 

 and prior's houses), and the cliancel of a liecket 

 i-hapel (now a museum) make up the remaining 



Peterborough Cathedral- West Front. 



objects of interest. A training-college for school - 

 masters (1864), a grammar-school, the town-hall 

 (III7I), the corn exchange (IS48), a cattle-market 

 of live acres |1H((7), ami the bridge over the Neil 

 (dating from 1140. but in il- pn-cnt form from 

 only 1H72) may lie mentioned. Peterlionmgh is 

 an important railway centre, has manufactures of 

 agricultural implements, ami carries on a large 

 trade in malt, coal, farm-produce, \e. Incur- 

 jxirateil as a municipal borough in 1S"4, it has 

 returniil two memtwrs to parliament from I. r i47 

 till ISH.-I. and since then one. Pop. (1841) 6959; 

 (1881)22,394; (1891)25,172. 



ork by C.unton (1686; new ed. 1825), Britton 

 (1828). F. A. Paley (1849), Davy. (3d ed. 1863), Sweet- 

 ing (1869), and Poolc (1881). 



