96 



PKTHK 



PKTKIK 



being theme which refer to tin- In-ginning 

 of the (!- love ( Triumph of lx>ve') anil to 

 Laura'* death ('Triumph of Death'). Few of 



rarch's lyrics treat of other -objects. hut 

 amongst these few are three of his finest effort* 

 one, tne famous address to his country ( Italia 



i, in which he reproaches the Italian princes 

 for their dissensions, and for calling to their aid the 

 mercenary 'barbarians' who wen- the scourge ol 

 Italy, word* repeat"! by Machiavclli in his Prim;-. 

 a century ami a half later, and in our own day 

 in the struggle, for freedom from Austria : tin* 



ml (.s/ii'r/o Itfutil), which Mime commentators 

 < .insider to be addressed to the young Colonna, 

 ind others to the famous Cola di Kienzi, whose 

 wild attempt to resuscitate the ancient forms of 

 lepiihlican government in Home had fired Petrarch 

 "ith enthusiasm : and the third (0 Atvettala in 

 /,'.,,/,, r /!.//,! Aiiiina), addressed to his friend 

 Jacopp Colonna, to incite him to join the crusade 

 of Philip of France against the inlidels. Petrarch 

 was in constant correspondence with his great 

 contemporary, Cioranni lioccaccio (Lettere dtBoc- 

 d. I iy < 'orazzini, Florence, 1877), and 

 translated into Latin his friend's tale of Patient 

 Criselda (De Oltetiientia ac Fide Uxoria). Chaucer 

 alludes to this when he says of his Clerk's Tale : 



Lenwd at Paitowe of* worthy clerk, 

 Fniinrry< 1'rirark, the laurot pnetc, 

 flight* thla clerk, wliuw nthoriVe iwete 

 Enlomined ml I utllc of poetry'- 



The earliest oomplete edition of Petrarch's works is 

 Franritct Petrareha Optra Omma (Iluel, 1554, fol.). 

 Hi* Italian lyrics were published as early as 1470 ( Vi -nice, 

 4to I, and have since gone through innumerable editions 

 with or without commentary. The most reliable is that 

 of Mamand (Padua, 1819, 4to); his text is used by 

 I-.-oj.ardi for his important edition and commentary 

 (Milan, 1826). often reprinted. The letters have been 

 edited by Fncasaetti, and partly translated into Italian, 

 with a valuable commentary (Florence, ISSSHKWffl). 

 See the Abba de Sadc, ilfmoiretdr Petrar>,ue (1764); 

 Meriere, Petrarque (1808); K.^rting. I'etrareat Lrbtn 

 mid Wtrte ( 187* ); the little monograph by Henry Keero 

 "*); alxo Uaipary, Italitnuekt l.ilrratur (Uerlin. 

 i; Bartoli, LeUfratnra tlalimm (Florence, 1884); 

 1M Sanctin, Snwio ml 1'rlmrrn ( Naples, 18liJ() ; Zuinl.ini 

 EMM iul I'ttrarm (Naplen, 1878); Voigt, Witdrrbt- 

 MMM <u* MMMHtM Altrrthumt ( Berlin ; '2d ed. 1880) 

 und Kymonda, Rtnaiuanct in Italy ( 1875-86 }. 



an Englinh Catholic family, descended 

 Sir \Villiam I'etre, s-cretry of state in the 

 r-i^nsof Henry VIII., Kilwanl, Slury, and Kliza- 

 l-th. The most notalilf meinlx'i was K<lward 

 ! -le-iiit (1631 -ll). who shaml the cap 

 Inity of Ins Unman l,onl I'etre in the Tower in 

 connection with Oates's 'Popish Plot, 1 hut released 

 hv MM II aft) ,11 the I'my council. lie was 



abhorred as James's evil geaiw, ami escaping at 

 the Ketolution iK^caiiie rector of St OIIIIT. 



PelrH i'r,,:, liana), a K'''"I"S of sea-hinls of 

 i lamilv I'r.M-ellnriidie, which includes the allia- 

 Hhearwiit.-rs. fulmars, and petrels proin-r 

 . to (he gulls , |.arid:e). The true 



Wd 



.. e 



"li-N. ..f wind, t|,,. r e . ..j^ln,,.,, widely dis- 

 ju(e<l |Hs-ie.. are long winged liirds of iM.werfnl 

 liht : the tail is IMIMU! and of i,,e,li,i,n length ; the 

 ll "" 1 ''" "H : the daws are narrow and 



pawl*}) the (.ill j. !,,, all ,i ^i,.,,,!,.,.. ,,,! ,,. 

 tnl- Ike n.tnl are M . t rl,. together. Thev are 

 j-.i-tly ocnuilP. and NJ-JI coasts ,u,,| islands ,, I v 

 for brm|in K p,ir|H. The IS-M kn.iwn 



'"I '/' i*tngicn)at Mother C., 

 hjeken(q v.. which i- ..-aieelv larger than a lark, 

 ndbtiMHMlM el, f. H .tN| |,ird known The head 

 I hark air sooty Mack, the wings l.luck with 



I^TSM", , I''"' "'." '""'"' l " f '- < ' grnyisb Mack. 

 lull HMk, and the f.-.| reddish Inown The 

 Petrel A diminutive of Peter -refers' to it* 



apparent walking on the water, the lightness of it* 

 Isnly MMtMlag it to skim up and down the wave>, 

 even in a storm, with only enough motion of the 

 wings to keep the feet from sinking under the 

 surface. Because of its frequent occurrence before 

 or during stormy weather, when the molluscs and 

 other animal,- upon which it feeds are driven to tin- 

 surface, and possibly also because of its hlackno-. 

 i! i- n'garded by sailors as a bird of evil omen. 



Stormy Petrel ( Procellaria pelayica ). 



Its flesh is so oilv that the Faroe islanders, it is 

 said, draw a wick through the l>ody Ui make a 

 lamp. See FULMAR. 



Petrl.L.\ruKMit s. Swedish Reformer, was born 

 at Orcbro in 1499, studied under Luther at Witten- 

 berg, was made professor of Theology at rpsahi. 

 and in 1531 first Protestant Archbishop of t'psala, 

 and died in ir>73. Along with his In-other Olaus 

 he was chiefly instniniental in converting Sweden 

 to the Reformed doctrines, and with him suixjr- 

 iiiteiidcd the translation of the I tilde into 

 Swedish (1541), a work that also helped to 

 lix the language. Hi- In-other Oi.us, U,rn at 

 Orebro in 1497, died at Stockholm in 1552, gained 

 a few years after bis return (1519) from Witten 

 Mlft the ear of Custuvus Vu,sa, who called him to 

 the capital to preach the new doctrines, and even- 

 tually made him ( 1531 ) chancellor of the kingdom. 

 I Ins post he resigned in l.Vi!), and s|N>nt the rest 

 of his life as first pastor of Stockholm. He was 

 a man of Ixild temperament, great activity, and 

 powerful eloquence, and left several works, includ- 



'">' >ir *. a mystery-play, hymns, and contro- 



M'i>ial tracts. 



IVlrlo. CKIIIJUK. a leame<l Irish archirologist, 



wa- |H,I-II at Dublin in Jnniiaiy I7IHI. son of a 



portrait-painter from Aberdeen. He studied art, 



and Ixvame famous for his Irish landscapes, but 



jave from the liegimiing the half of his heart to his 



faMiiirite study. In IS'JS he was set over I he 



short lived antiquarian and historical section of 



he Ordnance Survey of Ireland, and in 1S32 be 



MUM editor of the Ijnblin Pi-unit .l,,iirnal. He 



was ma<le LL.I). by Trinity College, Dublin, in 



IM7. reoeive<l a Civil List pension of 300 in 1849, 



and died January 17, 1866. Petrie's admirable 



'/// ItHttnti Towers received the Irish Aca- 



lemy s pri/e in 1830. It remains a work of the very 



greatest value. All antiquaries accept it* theory 



that the round towers were Christian ecclesiastical 



building! of various date. Other writings are an 



Atfny on the Military Arrhit,, <,-, ,,f Ireland and 



Autory and A ntiau.tie* of Tan, Hall. See the 



study by \\illiam Stokes ( 1868). 



Petrie, WILLIAM MATTHEW FLINDERS, was 

 born at Woolwich, 3d June 1863, and educated 



