no 



PHILADELPHIA 



and numerous others. Their prevailing character- 

 ii ic api-eare Ui have lieen an ideal sublimity, and 



. tli.- iiii|-ri'.-<-t relic* that we pom ess are the 

 iiin-t noble specimens of sculpture in the world. 

 In isss there was dug <mt at Tanagra a red vae 

 bearing what wa believed to he the signature of 

 Phidias, See ScrLPTt'RK. 



SM A. a Murray, Hmk Scuiptun (1880); C. WM- 

 Uin Kuafi on Ou Art of PkidUu (Camk. 18X5 ) ; and 

 Collision. Pkidiat (ParU, 1886). 



Phlgalia. an ancient town of Arcadia, situated 

 in it* extreme south-west corner. From it* temple 



\l-.llo, at Bastur, 5 to 6 miles distant, a sculp 

 tuml frieze representing the contest* between the 

 Centaurs and Lupitlue, and the Amazons and 

 .ia brought to the Kritish Mii-ciim in 

 IM'J. The UMiiple was first described by Chandler in 

 1765. Next to the. Theseuin at Athens it is the 

 imiHt perfect architectural ruin in all Greece, being 

 Unit nf line (;iii\ limeHtone ami white marble. It 

 wax designed by Ictimis. one of the architects of 

 the Parthenon at Athens, ami measured originally 

 feet long and 4* brood, ami had I") columns 

 on each Bide and 6 at each end, in all 38, of which 

 St Mill stand. Set- Cockerel!, T'-inplet of Ai<i<no 



I'liilalN-if. See HIGHLAND COSTUME. 



l'hlla<lrl|)liia. the chief city of Pennsylvania 

 nnil the thinl city of the I'nited Slate- in (popula- 

 tion, i- -ituatcd on the I Maw aic ^ i iii iwi ud 



liner, aUnit Km mile- . .-,,. I >ela- mo n. iiir i-.'s. \,,'i.. 

 wan- Itay ami Kiver) from the "*"* <: ""f"i- 

 Atlantic Ocean, 90 mile by rail SW. of New 

 York City ami 136 miles NK of Washington. 

 nsive with the county of Philadelphia, the 

 i-ily lie- along the Delaware from the mouth of the 

 Schuylkill Kiver at league Island, northward, for 

 al-niii l.'i miles, and has an average ln-i-adth of some 

 s mill-- It- total area embraces nearly 130 s<|. in., 

 nbnilt one eighth of which i-compii-ed within tin- 

 limit- ol the thickly built up (portion- of the city, 

 while the ruial -cciion- con-i-t of suburban com- 

 munities which, though within the city limits, are 

 locally known by the names they bore prior to 

 their annexation to the city. Philadelphia i- 



nolably 'a city of hi .' It- inhabitant- are 



largely cninpo-ed of tbe well to-do middle class. 

 and it has within its limits more comfortable single 

 ii-idenees than any other city in the world. 



The dominant architecture of tin- older -eetions 

 nf the city is of I be -cvcrcly plain, -ub-tantial style 

 wbicli charai teii-.-d it- (Quaker founders, and which 

 until the xifinil half of the Illth century held 

 undisputed -v>:i\, it- outstanding features Ipcing 

 uniformity ol de-i-u and a general employment ipf 

 p-d brick as building material. A marked depar 

 ture bas. boweier, lately taken (dace in the style 

 ot I... Hi the (public and the (private buildings' of 

 Philadelphia, anmng the former of which the city 

 hall -1-71 / /... built of while marble u|M>n a 

 granite Imm-. and i-overing an area of 486 by 470 

 feet, alToi.U a sinking intunee. Tin- height of the 

 lower and dome is Slo ft. 3J in., or 547 ft. 3J in. 



Hltll the rrp|ir<Mtl figure III Pellll (37 ft.) SUrlnollIlt- 



it, the utriictnie U-ing thus almost the highest 

 'i.'nrld. AlNiut 7.V) riHuns (mo-tly olli. 



illi<-nil) an- ompiised in this edilice. on whicl 

 mnir than ft.ii.onii IPINI ),.,,( by .lannaiy I. INtlH. 



i e\|H-ITi|i-l I In- eritlte e.p| when eolll|ilet l-l\ 



(illiil-lpe.l (op ., llpalPCV Will llntlblll exceeij 



i lltbrr building* worthy of note an 



'iminal railway nlnt ions, the Maiuuiie T jile. 



of , ted 1,1 a ripst of o\er (1,500,000; a 



Cniiil St ai. - , '.letnmi-iit building of granite 

 1 nil-1 State, ronrl 



U" "f the general Bovemroen. 



hicli c<t alut $8,000,000; a custom house ,,f 



marble, modelled after the Parthenon at Athens ; 

 a naval asylum ; the 1'nited Slates Mint; the 

 Academy of Fine Arts ; the Academy of Natural 

 Sciences, a massive Gothic structure with an exten- 

 sive scientific library and a museum of a million or 

 nore specimens; the Academy of Mu-ic -. and the 

 DuildinuH of the ("nivcrsity of Pennsylvania. 



Nearly every street of ini|Hirtance is travereen 

 tramways, the cars Ix-ing propelled by electricity. 

 There are numerous welt-shaded commons in the 



older portion of the city, soi f which were laid 



out by William Penn at the foundation of hi- 

 ' great towi'e' in 1 (>-' S3; while the Kairmount 

 Park, some 3000 acre- in extent, and bisected 

 through its entire length of 10 miles or more 

 l>v the Schuylkill River and its affluent the 

 \Vissahickon, 'stands without a rival among the 

 tileasn re-grounds of the great cities of the New 

 World. In this park in 1876 was held the d-n 

 tennial Exhibition ; and in its environs_ are 

 the Zoological Garden, the Fail-mount Water- 

 works, which supply to the city 100,000.000 gallons 

 6f water dailv, the Ix-autiful Horticultural Hall 

 and Memorial Hall remains of tin- ( 'entennial 

 Exhibition -the Laurel Hill Cemetery, vte. Amon^ 

 the statues in Philadelphia there are bron/e 

 equestrian figures of General! Meade, McClellan. 

 and Key nold-: and there is a monument at ( 

 mantow'n to the t'nion soldiers, and another in the 

 grounds of Girard College to those of its formci 

 pupils who fell in the civil war. 



The churches include the old Swedes Church 

 (1700), Christ Church (Episcopal, 1727-54), whi-ie 

 Washington's pew is preferred, and a Koman 

 Catholic cathedral. There are sonic T.'I P.apti-! 

 churches in the city, 90 Episcopal. 4(1 Lutheran, 

 100 Methodist, 100 Presbyterian, 15 Quaker. CKI 

 Koman Catholic, and a number of others. Phila- 

 delphia has almost from its foundation been noted 

 for its benevolent institutions, but these have U-cn 

 greatly increased within recent years : promim -nt 

 among such institutions are the Pennsylvania 

 Hospital (17")1), with suburban departments for 

 tin- insane ; Episco|ial. Presbyterian, and Melhodi-l 

 hospitals, and the St Joseph'- and St A;_-nc-' ho- 

 pital- : the hospitals in connection with the uni- 

 versity and the several medical schools. \c. 



The' eilucational facilities emhrace a line public 

 schiMil system with 9000 teacher* and nearU I.'KI.IKKI 

 pupil- maintained at an annual cost of ovi-i >:;.."I(HP. 



(KM): I! an Catholic si-hools, with an enrolment 



of 3O.HOII children ; Girard College, with a meml -r 

 ship of over I.MKI oiphan boys ; Mn-M-l Imlusiiiiil 

 Institute, endowed with S-j.(Kl,(KKI: the TaliiH 

 Koman Catholic Ili^'h School : ami in Philadelphia 

 01 its immediate vicinity are the Williamson li'- 

 Sc-ho.il of Mei-haiiical Trade-, endowed with some 

 82,200,000; state institutions for the blind and the 

 leaf and dumb; the Franklin Institute, for the me 



and having now a teaching stall' of some 3O ; be 

 side- F.pi-eopiil, Lutheran, and Koman Catholic 

 theological seminaries. Crowning all these i~ the 

 I 'nivcrsity of Pennsylvania, winch began as an 

 academy chartered by the sons of William Penn. 

 became a college in I7.V>, and a university in 177!'. 

 At present (1898) it has OM-I -JS.'tll student's and L'.'iS 

 professors and instructors, and cmbrai-cs faculties 

 of art*, science, architecture, natural history, and 

 linam-e und e<-onomy, me<liciue. dcnti-try, veteri- 



naiy i licine. law, and physical -ducation. Its 



library i-oniain- oxer 140,000 volumes. The Jef- 



;\ Medical College (ls-_'."p), with 62o students, 

 i- one of the most famous medical schools of the 



--d states ; and others here are the Hahneniann 



