PHILADELPHIA 



in 



Medical College (1869), the Medico-Chirurgical 

 College (1880), the Woman's Medical College 

 ( 1850), and the Philadelphia Polyclinic and College 

 for Graduates in Medicine. 



Manufactures, Commerce, <kc. Though in its 

 early history noted for its extensive shipping 

 interests, as compared with those of its sister cities, 

 it is rather as a manufacturing than as a com- 

 mercial city that Philadelphia holds a present pro- 

 minence. Here are immense establishments cover- 

 ing acres of ground, from which millions of dollars 

 worth of products are issued annually for the home 

 and foreign markets, besides smaller concerns 

 innumerable. The aggregate capital employed in 

 manufacturing is estimated at $300,000,000, the 

 number of hands employed at 250,000, and the 

 value of the annual product at $600,000,000. 

 Among the prominent industries of 

 this class are the building of locomo- 

 tives, of which $10,000,000 worth are 

 constructed annually, employing some 

 5000 men ; the manufacture of carpets, at 

 which about 30,000 hands are employed, 

 producing annually goods valued at about 

 (50,000,000; woollen and worsted goods, 

 employing 35,000 hands, and valued at 

 $45,000,000 ; upholstery goods, valued at 

 825,000,000; cotton goods, $15,000,000, 

 &c. General iron ana steel products are 

 computed to employ 40,000 hands, whose 

 product reaches $75',000,000 in value the 

 single article of saws, princii<ally made 

 In one firm, giving employment to 5000 

 workmen, and amounting in value to 

 $2,500,000. There are several extensive 

 sugar-refineries, oil-refineries, breweries, 

 and great chemical works. The Commer- 

 cial Museum, organised under ordinance of 

 Philadelphia councils, collects trade sam- 

 ples of goods made and sold abroad, and of 

 the natural products of foreign countries, 

 and supplies information about foreign 

 commerce and commercial openings, with 

 especial reference to American export*. 



The value of the ex]x>rts for the fiscal 

 year 1869-70 was $16,927,610; for 1879- 

 80, $49,649,693 ; for 1889-90, $37,410,683. 

 The import* for 1869-70 were valued at 

 $14,483,211 ; for 1879-80, $35,944,500; for 

 1889-90, $53,936,317. In 1897 the total 

 value of the foreign trade of Philadelphia 

 was $95,406,642, including exports and 

 imports ; in the same year 5906 vessels 

 entered and 5904 cleared the port. 



Eminent Philadelpliian.s have been: 

 Kami the explorer; General McClellan ; 

 Dr Morton, of amesthetic fame ; the actors 

 Klwin Forrest, Joseph Jefferson, and 

 Hermann Vezin ; Henry George ; Charles 

 Hodge; C. G. Leland; Kate Douglas 

 WiL'gin ; an 1 }! Frank Stockton. 



The city government is almost entirely 

 administered by the mayor through various 

 departments of public works and of public safety, 

 each administered by a director who is appointed 

 by him ; of receiver of taxes, of city treasurer.of city 

 controller, and of law, whose heads are elected for 

 three years ; a department of education governed by 

 a board of 38 members (one from each city ward), 

 who are appointed by the judges of the courts, and 

 who serve without compensation ; a department of 

 charities ami correction, whose officials are appointed 

 by the mayor, ami who serve without compensation ; . 

 ami a sinking fund commission. The legislative 

 branch of the city government consists of a cham- 

 ber of select council of 38 members (one from 

 each ward), who are elected for three years, and a 

 chamber of common council of 135 members, who 



are elected for two years, all of whom serve with- 

 out pay. The judiciary of the city and county 

 consists of twelve judges of the Courts of Common 

 Pleas and four judges of the Orphans' Court, all of 

 whom are elected for ten years. There are besides 

 twenty-eight magistrates elected for five years. 



Founded in 1682 (see PENN), Philadelphia the 

 year after was made the capital 6f Pennsylvania, 

 and soon became a place of importance. It was the 

 central point in the war of independence, and the 

 city still preserves the Carpenters' Hall (1770), 

 where the first congress met (4th September 1774), 

 and the old State House (1735), with its Liberty 

 Bell, where the Declaration of Independence (see 

 INDEPENDENCE DAY) was adopted in 1776, and 

 which has since been famous as Independence Hall. 

 At Philadelphia, moreover, the federal union was 



New City Hall, Philadelphia. 



signed in 1778 ; and here, too, the constitution was 

 framed, in 1787. An interestof another kind attaches 

 to the fact that the Protestant Episcopal Church of 

 North America was organised here in 1786. From 

 1790 to 1800 Philadelphia was the federal capital ; 

 and the first mint was established here in 1792. 

 Later events have been the holding of the Cen- 

 tennial Exhibition, in 1876, and the commemora- 

 tion of Penn's visit, in 1882. Pop. (1700) 4500; 

 (1800) 70,287; (1860) 568,034; (1880) 847,170; 

 ( IM!K)) 1,046,964; (1900) 1,293,697. 



See Scharf and Thompson's History of I'hiJaileljihiti ( 3 

 vols. 1884 ) ; Philadelphia and itt Environs ( Lippincott 

 189G); and works by Hazard (1879), Westcott (1877), 

 Cook ( 1882 ), Woolsey ( 1888 ), aud Agnes Repplier ( 1899). 



